Rimska arkhitektura chasiv_rimskoyi_imperiyi22 партика

1. Ancient Rome - the bright
sample of the architecture
of the ancient Romans

2. Contents:
• 1. Theme and objective of the
project research work.
• 2. Contents.
• 3. General characteristics of the
architecture of the ancient Rome.
• 4.4 The Roman Forum – the
centre of Rome:
• 5. Via Sacra.
• 6. The Temple of Saturn.
• 7. The Temple of Vaspasìana.
• 8. The Arch of Septimius
Severus.
• 9. The Curia and Rostral Tribune.
• 10. Assemblies, Lapis Niger and
Golden pillar.
• 11-12. The Coliseum:
• 11. The Flavian Amphitheatre
• 12. The architecture of the
Coliseum.
• 13. The Circus Circo Massimo.
• 14. The Domus Aurea.
• 15. The Mausoleum of Adrian.
• 16. Summary of the project
research work.
• 17. Thank you for your attention.

3. General description of the
architecture of ancient Rome
The architecture of ancient Rome had made a great contribution to
the world culture. In that period the Romans had mainly built
constructions practical purpose - city walls, roads, bridges,
aqueducts, basilicas, storage facilities, circuses, etc. The Appian
Road, built in 312 BC, the aqueduct Aqua Appia length 16 km
617 m. are functioning to the present time. The remains of the
Basilica of Emìlïïv had been saved too.
The Romans were geniuses in the organization of space. They invented
new design -arch. The greatest discovery and innovation, was the use
of concrete.
The Romans were the first who begin to build "typical" cities, a prototype of
which were the Roman military camps . The city center built on the
crossroads of two perpendicular streets - the cardo and dekumanum.
Urban planning subordinate strictly designed scheme, we will talk about
it on example of the legendary city of Rome.

4. The Roman Forum – the centre
of Rome:
The construction works had really begun at the
time of dictatorship of Caesar in Rome. He had
reinvented urban Centre - the Roman Forum.
That was the old square in valley between three
houses: Platinom, Kapìtolìêm, Eskvìlìnom. It was
the Centre of public life where people had
traded, celebrated religious holidays, and there
were public authorities too. Therefore the Forum
appearance had changed repeatedly.

5. Via-Sacra - the sacred road
From West to East the Roman
Forum had been crossed the Rite
road of the Roman Empire – the
place of triumphal processions of
Republic and Empire. The
triumphal procession began on
Champ de Mars with the
exclamations of the people,
across the city to the Forum. It
had been ended near the State
Capitol. Procession led by
Senators and magistrates, they’d
carried the military trophies. They
were riding her chariot, which was
it self victor. There were soldiers
after chariot who took part in the
battle. Ended the Via Sacra near
the Temple of Saturn.

6. The temple Of Saturn
• The Saturn Temple was built in
495, BC, after the victory of the
Romans over the Etruscan Kings
of Tarquinia. It was burn several
times. So, in 42 year BC, it was
again rebuilt after burning in the
time of the reign of Karina.
• The temple was a Treasury house
in Republic. Near the temple on
December 17, were held the
annual feast of Saturnalia. There
was the difference between the
master and slave disappeared.
• Only a few columns of the temple
were preserved to present time.

7. The temple of Vespasian
• Construction began, by the
decision of the Senate after the
death of the Emperor
Vespasian in 79, and ended
with Emperor Domitian. It was
dedicated to Flavìâm:
Vespasìanu and his son Tìtu.
There was the podium on
which stood two divine
emperors inside the temple.
• There were only three columns
of Corinthian kapiteliya
remained .

8. The Arch of Septimius Severus
• The Arch of Septimius Severus
was built in 203, in honour of
the Emperor and his sons
Caracalla and Geta. They
were successful conquerors
and fought with Arabs and
Assyrians. The height of the
building was 20.9 m, width 23,
3 m, and it was built of bricks
and travertina.
• There was a large building of
the Curia near about.

9. The Curia and Rostralnat Tribune
• The Curia was the
meeting-place of the
Senate. It was built by
ordinance Tullius Ostia.
In the Middle Ages it was
processed into the
church, but Mussolini
restored antique bas-
reliefs. There was the
Rostral Rostrum. It was
named after decoration
with noses of enemy
ships (Rostra), captured
by the Romans in 338
BC.

10. Assemblies, Lapis Niger, Gold pillar
• The Roman assemblies were
located before the Curia and -
a place of meeting of the
people representatives for the
election of judges.
• There was black tomb stone
Lapis Niger - where
accordingly to the legend,
Romulus was killed. The Gold
pillar was near the stone and
the object of the count of
reference distances between
important settlements of the
Empire and provincial centers.

11. The Flavian Amphitheater
• Another prominent representative
of Roman architecture is the
Flavian Amphitheater. In 98,
Emperor Nero died and was
replaced by Vespasian of Flavian
dynasty. He’d destroyed the old
palace of Nero, and had laid the
foundation of a large arena, called
now - the Coliseum.
• But the first name of it was
,,Flavian Amphitheatre”. It was
built during eight years. The
Vespasian had built it to show the
residents of Rome, that he cared
about their own people.

12. The Architecture Coliseum
• The Coliseum was built in the shape of an oval . Outside
it was decorated with marble and beautiful statue on its
perimeter. From the top to the bottom there were 80
rows, where the audience sat. They had 64 inputs that
were from different parties. There were places for the
nobles of Rome and, of course , the throne of the
emperor.
• On each tiers there were three columns made ​​in different
styles. Statues which were made ​​by the best Roman
sculptures were installed on the second and third tiers .
• Arena’s floor was made by wood and it was usually
sprinkled with sand. But sometimes the arena had
flooded with the help of locks and canals of Nero to
arrange a real sea battles.

13. The Circus Circo Massimo
• Between the Palatine hill and
Aventyne was the Circus Circo
Massimo or the Circus Grand. It
occurred near 4 BC. It was round
or oval surrounded at first
wooden, later stone staircase .
• Caesar arranged on the arena
great celebration. And Augustus
built imperators lodge on the
slopes. For the safety of
spectators around the arena had
been dug a defensive ditch, put
the wall. Besides, on the wall had
been fixed pipe freely spinning
under legs of animals, not letting
them get to the arena.

14. The Domus Aure
• This palace complex was built
by the Emperor Nero in 64 BC.
Its total area was near 40-120
acres. It had its own palace.
The living room had such
height that there was a
colossal statue of the emperor
height of 36 m. There was a
pond , like the sea, in the
middle, and surrounded by
buildings, small fields,
pastures, forests. In the
chambers ceiling were made
from plates that were returned
to sprinkle flowers. This
palace had been destroyed
and on its place had been
built the Colosseum .

15. The Mausoleum of Adrian
• The mausoleum was built
in 130 BC. It was the
tomb. On 271 was
redesigned Adriano lock.
The building is based on
the square length of 89
km and a height of 15 m.
On this basis, the drum
set up 21 m, the center of
which was a room with a
bucket of pores
emperors.

16. So summarize. The main types of
buildings in the Roman Empire:
• - Forum;
• - Arc de Triomphe;
• - Roman Theatre;
• - Amphitheatre;
• - Circus;
• - Terms;
• - Churches;
• - Residential buildings, villas and palaces.

17. Thank you for your
attention
Presentation made by the pupils of the 8th
form: Partyka V, Shchypel M, Sendak A.