class 11 NEET
structural organization in animal
topic FROG
morphology ,anatomy, in detail
general characteristics
digestive system
respiratory systems
circulatory system
nervous system
reproductive system
ecological values
metamorphosis
Physiology of Respiration in InvertebratesPRANJAL SHARMA
In physiology, respiration is the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. In these slides you will get to know about Physiology of Respiration in Invertibrates.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
class 11 NEET
structural organization in animal
topic FROG
morphology ,anatomy, in detail
general characteristics
digestive system
respiratory systems
circulatory system
nervous system
reproductive system
ecological values
metamorphosis
Physiology of Respiration in InvertebratesPRANJAL SHARMA
In physiology, respiration is the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. In these slides you will get to know about Physiology of Respiration in Invertibrates.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
2. Content:
Introduction
General characters
Classes of hemichordates
Class Enteropneusta
• Characters
• Structure
• Feeding and digestion
• Nervous system
• Gas Exchange
• Circulation
4. Introduction:
Hemi means half, chorda means chord
Habitat: Live in marine environment
Deuterostomates (Anus develops first)
5. General characteristics
Worm like body
Bilateral symmetry
Triploblastic organisms
Have true body cavity
Three major body parts:
1. Proboscis
2. Collar
3. Trunk
Pharyngeal slits are ciliated
8. Class Enteropneusta:
Habitat: Marine environment
Size: 10-40 cm long, some are 2 m longs
Species: 70 species are described by zoologist
9. Characters:
Commonly called acorn worms
Three body parts; Proboscis, collar and trunk
Mostly occupy U-shaped burrow in muddy and sandy
substrates
Body remain in sand while mouth and anus remain
outside
10. Structure:
Proboscis:
• Projection at anterior end
• Short and conical projection
Collar:
• Ring like collar
• Present posterior to proboscis
Trunk:
• Third and posterior part of body
• Trunk is elongated
11. Cont….
Acorn worm cover with ciliated epidermis and gland
cells
Mouth present ventrally between collar and proboscis
Pharyngeal slit present laterally on trunk
Slits few to hundred
Pharyngeal slits are opening between digestive tract
and outside of body
12. Feeding and digestion:
Feeding:
Cilia and mucus help the food to move toward mouth
Food particles attached with mucoid proboscis
Smaller particles are selected
Large particles rejected
Small particles enter the mouth
Digestive system:
Digestive tract is simple tube
Contain extended part called diverticula of gut
Release enzymes for digestion
14. Nervous system:
Ectodermal in origin
Present below ciliated epidermis
Consist of dorsal tubular nerve chord
Network of nerve cell; nerve plexus present
Some contain giant fibers in dorsal nerve chord
No major ganglia
Sensory receptors are unspecialized
15. Gas Exchange:
No respiratory system
Gases exchange take place through
diffusion
Gases exchange occur through
pharyngeal slit when water move in
them
16. Circulation:
Two contractile blood vessels present
• Dorsal contractile blood vessel
• Ventral contractile blood vessel
Direction of blood flow:
Blood flow posterior to anterior in dorsal blood vessel
Blood from anterior to posterior in ventral blood vessel
Branches of blood vessels lead to sinuses of body
Flowing blood anteriorly enter in in to series of blood vessel in proboscis ;
Glomerulus
17. Excretion:
Excretory waste filtered from base of
glomerulus into coelom of proboscis
Release from pores of proboscis to
outside
Blood is colorless and lack respiratory
pigments
It just transport food and waste of body
18. Reproduction:
Dioecious
Two rows of
gonads in
front of trunk
Gonads open
outside to
body
External
fertilization
They release
spawning
pheromones
ciliated larvae
formed;
Tornaria
larvae
Float on
surface of
water and
transformed
to adult
21. Structure:
Size: 0.1-5mm
Body consist of three regions
• Proboscis
• Collar
• Trunk
Proboscis is expanded and shield like
They secrete tubes and move in tubes
Collar contains 2-9 arm like ciliated tentacles
Trunk is U-shaped
22.
23. Maintenance and function
Tentacles
present
There cilia
involve in
filter
feeding
and food
capturing
Cilia trap
and
transport
food
toward
mouth
Only one
genus
contains
single pair
of
pharyngeal
slits
Excretory
and
respiratory
structure
not present
Gases
exchange
and
excretion
take place
through
diffusion
25. Cont….
• Most species are dioecious
• External fertilization
• Planula larvae is formed
• Lived in female secreted
tubes
• After metamorphosis
transformed in to adult
Sexual
reproduction: