The document summarizes the subphylum Urochordata (also known as Tunicata). It discusses the key characteristics and systems of urochordata, including: - They have a tail-like structure and notochord, with a simple adult body structure of a sack with two siphons for water filtration. - Their nervous system has a single ganglia nerve plexus throughout the body. - Their digestive system involves ciliated mouth absorption and digestion primarily in the mouth and intestine. - Respiration occurs via water circulation through the pharynx. Their circulatory system involves one or two blood vessels carrying blood throughout the body.

1. Kanwal Nisa
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

2. 
 It is a subphylum of chordata
 It is derived from two greek words uro means tail and chordata
means notochord.
 The Urochordata, sometimes known as the Tunicata, are
commonly known as "sea squirts." The body of an adult
tunicate is quite simple, being essentially a sack with two
siphons through which water enters and exits. Water is filtered
inside the sack-shaped body.
Introduction of subphylum
urochordata

3. 
Muscles/Locomotion
Nervous system
Digestive sysytem
Respiration
Circulatory system
Blood plasma
Excretion
Reproduction
Maintenance functions

4. 
these are
used for
locomotion
it provide
support, and
provide
shape
change
two types of
muscles:
Logitudinal
& circular
muscles
Muscles

5. 
Nervous system
 Nerve plexus
( a single ganglia present throughout the body and
meet at a point )
 Receptors present throughout the whole tunica
 Nerve starts from head region and end at atrial
siphon

6. 
Ciliated
mouth
Absorb
useful
material
Pharynx
Phyrangial
slits
stigma Endostyle mucous Enzymes
Mostly
digestio
n in
mouth
and
intestine
Digestive system

7. 
Internal structure of tunicate

8. 
Pharynx helps in
respiration .
Gases are exchanged
as water circulates
through the tunicate.
Respiration

9. 
One blood vessel carry
blood from endostyle
Second
blood
vessel
present
posteriorly
to gametes
The direction of blood
is wholethroughout
the body
Multiple
direction
Circulatory system

10. 
Colourless blood
Blood contain amoeboid cells
( it distribute nutrients in blood )
Blood plasma

11. 
Ammonia
release out
from atrial
siphon
Uric acid
excrete through
amoeboid cells
In low conc.of
water:
excretion of
ammonia
In high conc. Of
water:excretion
of urea
Excretion

12. 
Monoecious
Gonads located near atrial siphon
Fertilization external
Tadpole larvae formmed
Adhesive papillae present in larvae
Reproduction

13. 
 Their digestive tract turnned into u shaped after
metamorphosis .the internal structure rotate into 180
degree.
Metamorphosis

14. 

15. 