Skin is the largest organ of the body. It assumes t a few critical physiological capacities and speaks to likewise a "social interface" between an individual and different individuals from society. This is the principle reason its age-subordinate alterations are in the front line of dermatological research and of the "anti-aging" cosmetic industry. Here we focus on a few perspectives just of skin aging, similarly as the phone and extracellular lattice segments of skin are concerned. Most very much considered instruments of skin maturing can be arranged at the post hereditary level, both epigenetic and post-translational components being included(1). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are little molecules got from oxygen particles including free oxygen radicals, for example, superoxide (O2⋅_), hydroxyl (⋅OH), epoxy (RO2⋅), and alkoxyl (RO_) and additionally hypochlorous corrosive (HOCl), ozone (O3), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are non-radicals. These non-radicals are either oxidizing operators or effectively changed over into radicals. Nitrogen-containing oxidants, for example, nitric oxide (NO.) peroxynitrite (ONOO.), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are called receptive nitrogen species (RNS) (2). Receptive species or free radicals incorporate responsive oxygen and nitrogen species all in all and are called receptive oxygen nitrogen species (RONS). They are discharged from macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells because of a provocative boost. RONS are profoundly receptive because of the nearness of unpaired valence shell electrons or non-static bonds, and their legitimate control is key for a proficient resistant reaction and for constraining tissue harm (3).Reactive oxygen species, synthetically responsive atoms, containing oxygen, are framed as a characteristic result of the ordinary digestion of oxygen and have huge parts in cell flagging and homeostasis.

1. CT Group of Institutions
(CTIPS )
IMTC – Conference
By Miyanda Petty M
DR S Gautam

2. Outline
 Introduction
 Skin aging
 Types
 Causes
 Antioxidants
 Conclusion

3. Introduction
 skin largest protective organ covering the body
 There are Various causative factors for undesired skin
ageing induced by biological oxidation reactions.
 Resulting in degeneration of basic proteins
 The use of antioxidants is an effective approach to
prevent symptoms related to (photo-induced) aging of
the skin.

4. Types of skin aging
Intrinsic Aging
 Chronological aging
 Hormonal aging :Decreased estrogens during
menopause contribute to collagen loss in women
Extrinsic Aging
Photodamage - 80%
Smoking
Stress
Poor nutrition & Pollution.

5. Photoaging
 Described in 1986 by Kligman
 Dermatoheliosis-characteristic changes to skin
induced by chronic UVA and UVB exposure.
 (oxidative) damage caused by short wavelength
ultraviolet radiation UVB (280–315 nm) injury to the
outside layers of the skin (epidermis), longer
wavelength ultraviolet radiation UVA (315–400 nm) to
the middle layers (dermis) and infra-red A radiation to
the deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissue.

6.  UV - enhances ROS generation in cells, skin aging is
usually discussed in relation to UV exposure.
 Intracellular and extracellular oxidative anxiety
initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free
radicals
 promptly react with lipids, proteins, sugars, and
nucleic acids. advance skin maturation portrayed by
wrinkles and atypical pigmentation.

7. Types of free radicals
Types Example of free radicals
Oxygen-centered
radicals
 Superoxide anion
 hydrogen peroxide
 hydroxyl radical
Carbon-centered
radicals
 Peroxyl and alkoxyl
radicals
Nitrogen-centered
free radicals
 Nitric oxide
 Peroxynitrite
 Nitrogen dioxide

9. Degradation of collagen
Collagen
 Main building blocks of human skin (skin’s strength)
 Two important regulators of collagen
 Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (A cytokine that
promotes collagen production)
 Activator protein (AP)-1 (a transcription factor that inhibits
collagen production and up-regulates collagen breakdown)
 TGF-β promotes collagen formation, while AP-1
promotes collagen breakdown by upregulating
enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

11. PHOTOPROTECTION AND
SYSTEMIC ANTIOXIDANT
 Techniques for averting photo- aging :utilizing sunscreens
to lessen skin exposure to UV radiation, (titanium dioxide
,talc, zinc ) and use of anti oxidants.
 An antioxidant is a molecule capable of inhibiting
the oxidation of other molecules producing free radicals.
 Extrinsic skin aging can be addressed by dietary
supplements containing antioxidants to enhance body
antioxidants effect providing nourishment to body cells

12. Types of antioxidants
Mainly Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic
Antioxidant enzymes:
1. Catalase
2. Glutathione peroxidase
3. Glutathione reductase
4. Super oxide dismutase (both Cu-Zn and Mn)
Metals binding proteins:
1. Ceruloplasmin
2. Ferritin
3. Lactoferrin
4. Metallotheinein
5. Transferrin
6. Hemoglobin
7. Myoglobin

16. BENEFITS OF ANTIOXIDANTS
 Anti-inflammation –alpha lipoic acid
 Skin firming- Coenzyme Q-10
 Reduced appearance of wrinkles -vitamins C and E
 Scar treatment -antioxidants found in aloe and
allium, increase blood stream to scar tissue, limiting
the look of the scar and mixing in the improvement of
new skin
 Repair of sun damage-Antioxidants that fortify blood
stream in the skin can help empower the development
of new cells

17. Most plants studied for their direct antioxidant
activity on the skin.
 Green Tea (flavonoids )-scavenge ROS: O2. OH, H2O2,
and 1O2
 Rosemary - phenolic diterpenes: carnosol and carnosic
acid >90%.
 Grape Seeds- resveratrol and quercetin. prevent lipid
induced UVB peroxidation
 Tomato- lycopene, powerful antioxidant (1O2) and ant
carcinogenic carotenoid

18. Color Code for Antioxidants
 Red – tomato, pink grapefruit, watermelon
 Blue/Red/Purple/Black (BRPB) – blueberry, cherry, prune,
blackberry
 Orange/Yellow – carrot, pumpkin, orange, papaya
 Green – broccoli, kale, spinach, pea
 White – garlic, onion, cabbage, turnip
 Brown/Gray – spices, nuts, seeds, endogenous sources

19. Conclusion
 Skin is the largest protective organ of the body .However, during
oxidative anxiety (e.g. UV) ROS levels can significantly increase
resulting in undesired harm to cell structures causing extrinsic
aging (Wrinkling and pigmentary )
 Antioxidants both as dietary supplements and dermatological
topical creams , gels
 can promote the growth of healthy cells,
 Protect cells against premature, abnormal aging.
 Help fight age-related macular degeneration

20. References
 JL.Robert,A.LabatRobert,.M.Robert,”Physiology of skin
aging Pathologie Biologie,”Vol 57,pp.336-341,2009.
 SJ.Kleban,”Oxygen metabolism and the toxic
properties of phagocytes,” Annals of Internal
Medicine, vol 93, pp.480-489, 1980.
 EM.Conner,MB.Grisham,”Inflammation, free radicals,
and antioxidants,” Nutrition,vol 4,pp.274-281,1996

21. Thankyou
Don’t age before your
time ***