This study analyzes trends in the automotive metal stamping components market between 2015-2025. Key trends include:
1) Vehicle production is shifting to Asia and South America due to economic and population growth.
2) Stricter emissions regulations are increasing pressure on OEMs to improve fuel efficiency and use lightweight materials like hot-stamped steel.
3) Vehicle weight has increased over time but OEMs are now focused on weight reduction using multi-material strategies incorporating various metals and plastics.
4) Hot stamping of steel is becoming more popular for body parts due to strength, mass reduction and cost advantages over other materials.
The theme for this quarter is apprehension. In September, the US Federal Reserve announced a third 75 basis point increase in the federal funds rate. In the aftermath, the two-year treasury rate reached the highest level since before the 2008 financial crisis and the spread between two and ten-year rates went below negative 50basis points for the first time since the early eighties. Equity markets have begun to price in the likelihood of a recession and, if history is any indication, the impact on oil markets could be profound.
System-in-Package Technology and Market Trends 2020 report by Yole DéveloppementYole Developpement
How is System-in-Package capably meeting the stringent requirements of consumer applications?
More info here: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/system-in-package-technology-and-market-trends-2020/
System-in-Package Technology and Market Trends 2021 - SampleYole Developpement
Through enabling design and supply chain agility, SiP will reach $19B by 2026, with IDMs, OSATs, and foundries taking advantage of it.
More information : https://www.i-micronews.com/products/system-in-package-technology-and-market-trends-2021/
Apple iPhone X: MEMS Microphones from Goertek, Knowles, and AAC Technologies ...system_plus
Analysis and comparison of the design and process evolution used by Apple’s three MEMS microphone suppliers.
More information on that report at: http://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/apple-iphone-x-mems-microphones-from-goertek-knowles-and-aac-technologies/
Texas Instruments’ LMG5200 GaN Power Stage - 2018 teardown reverse costing re...system_plus
The first 80V half-bridge GaN power stage from TI, with innovative packaging.
More information on that report at http://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/texas-instruments-lmg5200-gan-power-stage/
How Volkswagen Mocked Corporate Social Responsibility: “Diesel Gate” Outs Sus...Sage HR
How Volkswagen Mocked Corporate Social Responsibility:
“DieselGate” Outs Sustainable Business Sham
In September 2015, the automotive industry played witness to the largest scandal among its ranks in recent history, as Volkswagen was caught cheating with its pants down. The German car manufacturer had recently overtaken Toyota in sales, in the first half of 2015, to establish itself as the leader of the global car market. Though, this shouldn't have been a surprise to anyone, since VW was largely leading the automotive industry in terms of revenues, profits, and assets even in 2013.
The world was left with jaws agape in early September, as the German giant admitted to placing “cheat” software in roughly 11 million of its diesel-engined cars worldwide. Carried out since 2009 onwards, this subterfuge was perpetrated in an effort to deceive pollutant emissions testing in developed markets like US and EU. As investigations into the fraud continue, the primary reason seems to be that Volkswagen did not wish to install a Urea-based exhaust system marketed as AdBlue – roughly $336 per unit – into the “clean diesel” engines which they'd spent years developing for their 2009 models. In-house testing into the engines revealed that they emitted roughly 35 to 40 times the amount of nitrogen oxide, linked to smog, acid rain, asthma, and other illnesses, above the limits allowed by clean air legislation in developed nations.
Suddenly, the car manufacturer was faced with two options – go back to the drawing board and miss out on the 2009 car season, or spend exorbitant amounts of money to fix the problem by retro-fitting their engines with AdBlue. They chose option three – cheat through a “defeat device” software. Ironically, the test which ultimately uncovered the deception was carried out by independent American researchers – working for an NGO, rather than the EPA or other bigwig agencies – to show their European counterparts that diesel engines can be used with cleaner emissions. Despite their published efforts coming to light in 2014, however, the EPA was unable to make Volkswagen admit to the cheat till September 2015 – after threatening to withhold approval for VW's and Audi's 2016 diesel models.
Now, after having lost its CEO in the wake of the scandal alongwith almost a fifth of its share value, Volkswagen is looking at criminal investigations from the US and Chinese governments, a legal penalty for $18 billion for the roughly 482,000 cars it sold in US, and class-action lawsuits from owners of post-2009 VW Jetta, Golf, Beetle, and Passat, as well as similar Audi diesel models. Even though the firm has set aside roughly $7.3 billion to deal with this scandal, early projections show that this amount may be grossly insufficient.
By now, we're sure that you have a flood of unanswered questions – What are these “defeat devices”? How do they affect the car's performance?
For more visit > > > cake.hr
The Mergers and Acquisitions market in China report by daxue consultingDaxue Consulting
What are the drivers and barriers to Chinese M&A after COVID-19? Where can we expect opportunities and consolidations in 2020 and 2021? Which sectors are currently hot for M&A in China? Daxue consulting announced the 2nd release of the China M&A market report with a deep dive in the retail, consumer, high-tech, material, automotive and fashion sectors.
The theme for this quarter is apprehension. In September, the US Federal Reserve announced a third 75 basis point increase in the federal funds rate. In the aftermath, the two-year treasury rate reached the highest level since before the 2008 financial crisis and the spread between two and ten-year rates went below negative 50basis points for the first time since the early eighties. Equity markets have begun to price in the likelihood of a recession and, if history is any indication, the impact on oil markets could be profound.
System-in-Package Technology and Market Trends 2020 report by Yole DéveloppementYole Developpement
How is System-in-Package capably meeting the stringent requirements of consumer applications?
More info here: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/system-in-package-technology-and-market-trends-2020/
System-in-Package Technology and Market Trends 2021 - SampleYole Developpement
Through enabling design and supply chain agility, SiP will reach $19B by 2026, with IDMs, OSATs, and foundries taking advantage of it.
More information : https://www.i-micronews.com/products/system-in-package-technology-and-market-trends-2021/
Apple iPhone X: MEMS Microphones from Goertek, Knowles, and AAC Technologies ...system_plus
Analysis and comparison of the design and process evolution used by Apple’s three MEMS microphone suppliers.
More information on that report at: http://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/apple-iphone-x-mems-microphones-from-goertek-knowles-and-aac-technologies/
Texas Instruments’ LMG5200 GaN Power Stage - 2018 teardown reverse costing re...system_plus
The first 80V half-bridge GaN power stage from TI, with innovative packaging.
More information on that report at http://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/texas-instruments-lmg5200-gan-power-stage/
How Volkswagen Mocked Corporate Social Responsibility: “Diesel Gate” Outs Sus...Sage HR
How Volkswagen Mocked Corporate Social Responsibility:
“DieselGate” Outs Sustainable Business Sham
In September 2015, the automotive industry played witness to the largest scandal among its ranks in recent history, as Volkswagen was caught cheating with its pants down. The German car manufacturer had recently overtaken Toyota in sales, in the first half of 2015, to establish itself as the leader of the global car market. Though, this shouldn't have been a surprise to anyone, since VW was largely leading the automotive industry in terms of revenues, profits, and assets even in 2013.
The world was left with jaws agape in early September, as the German giant admitted to placing “cheat” software in roughly 11 million of its diesel-engined cars worldwide. Carried out since 2009 onwards, this subterfuge was perpetrated in an effort to deceive pollutant emissions testing in developed markets like US and EU. As investigations into the fraud continue, the primary reason seems to be that Volkswagen did not wish to install a Urea-based exhaust system marketed as AdBlue – roughly $336 per unit – into the “clean diesel” engines which they'd spent years developing for their 2009 models. In-house testing into the engines revealed that they emitted roughly 35 to 40 times the amount of nitrogen oxide, linked to smog, acid rain, asthma, and other illnesses, above the limits allowed by clean air legislation in developed nations.
Suddenly, the car manufacturer was faced with two options – go back to the drawing board and miss out on the 2009 car season, or spend exorbitant amounts of money to fix the problem by retro-fitting their engines with AdBlue. They chose option three – cheat through a “defeat device” software. Ironically, the test which ultimately uncovered the deception was carried out by independent American researchers – working for an NGO, rather than the EPA or other bigwig agencies – to show their European counterparts that diesel engines can be used with cleaner emissions. Despite their published efforts coming to light in 2014, however, the EPA was unable to make Volkswagen admit to the cheat till September 2015 – after threatening to withhold approval for VW's and Audi's 2016 diesel models.
Now, after having lost its CEO in the wake of the scandal alongwith almost a fifth of its share value, Volkswagen is looking at criminal investigations from the US and Chinese governments, a legal penalty for $18 billion for the roughly 482,000 cars it sold in US, and class-action lawsuits from owners of post-2009 VW Jetta, Golf, Beetle, and Passat, as well as similar Audi diesel models. Even though the firm has set aside roughly $7.3 billion to deal with this scandal, early projections show that this amount may be grossly insufficient.
By now, we're sure that you have a flood of unanswered questions – What are these “defeat devices”? How do they affect the car's performance?
For more visit > > > cake.hr
The Mergers and Acquisitions market in China report by daxue consultingDaxue Consulting
What are the drivers and barriers to Chinese M&A after COVID-19? Where can we expect opportunities and consolidations in 2020 and 2021? Which sectors are currently hot for M&A in China? Daxue consulting announced the 2nd release of the China M&A market report with a deep dive in the retail, consumer, high-tech, material, automotive and fashion sectors.
Continental SRL1: State-of-the-art LiDAR for Advanced Driver Assistance Syste...Yole Developpement
Continental consolidates its successful role in ADAS-related equipment with this cost-effective solution for emergency brake assist.
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensing has a wide spectrum of applications, one of which is in autonomous or “self-driving” cars. LiDAR is therefore attracting attention from the automotive industry, as well as other fields. However, until now, systems haven’t matched challenging automotive specifications for reliability, compact-ness, and cost-efficiency.
Based on rugged design and components, the SRL-1 from Continental provides a reliable and efficient solid-state LiDAR for frontal impact detection without any mechanical movement. Detecting collisions in an urban environment at speeds up to 50km/h, including an emergency braking assist (EBA) function, makes this product a great asset for today’s autonomous and assisted driving needs.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook (Q4, October 2020)EY
Oil and gas prices have recovered steadily from their lows and are relatively stable, but that stability is supported by the combination of purposeful withholding of production by oil-producing countries and economic stress on upstream independents. Oil prices closed the quarter roughly where they started it, while refining spreads were down slightly. LNG spreads were substantially higher at the end of Q3 than they were at the beginning of the quarter but are still roughly half of what is generally thought of as sustainable.
Going forward, the market will be looking closely at how the economy and demand respond to new developments with respect to a potential COVID-19 vaccine and the US election.
Intel Foveros and TSMC 3D SoIC are competing head-to-head for high-end packaging – How will Samsung react ?More information here : https://www.i-micronews.com/products/high-end-performance-packaging-3d-2-5d-integration-2020/
Power GaN 2018: Epitaxy, Devices, Applications and Technology Trends report b...Yole Developpement
GaN market growth is fed by Lidar, wireless charging and fast charging solutions.
More information on : https://www.i-micronews.com/category-listing/product/power-gan-2018-epitaxy-devices-applications-and-technology-trends.html
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook, Q2 | April 2022EY
The theme for this quarter is rearrangement. The loss, or potential loss, of Russian oil and gas supplies is forcing producers, refiners and traders to rethink the flow of crude oil and refined products from the wellhead to the gas pump in light of sanctions, potential sanctions and the risk of reputational damage. Countries, companies and consumers will all be searching for ways to adapt, and the outcome of the race to bring alternatives to market could alter the global energy landscape for years to come.
It is likely crude oil and LNG prices will remain elevated for some time. The process of diverting Russian oil through countries unwilling to sanction it will take time and there is little indication OPEC members are willing (or able) to increase production to make up for the loss of Russian crude. Spare capacity sat at 3.7 mbpd at the end of 2021, just above where it was in January 2020. Currently, sanctioned Venezuelan and Iranian production (about 3 mbpd below their peak) could fill the gap, but political and commercial obstacles remain. At today’s prices, US shale production is attractive, but the fastest the industry has been able to grow is between 1mbpd and 2mbpd per year. The LNG infrastructure was already stretched before the war in Ukraine and there is little prosect of finding new supplies soon.
As the largest buyer of Russian energy, Europe will be the epicenter. There is a deeply embedded bias there in favor for renewable energy, and the current crisis is certain to result in an all-out effort to accelerate the build-out of wind and solar power. The capacity to add new green energy is limited though by the project pipeline and supply chains for solar panels and wind turbines, and it is likely that much of the shortfall will be made up with the new LNG infrastructure.
Articles published as sponsored content in the Risk & Compliance Journal from The Wall Street Journal from August 2017 to August 2018. https://deloi.tt/2CMG6lI
China Exit or Co-Investment Opportunities for German PE InvestorsL.E.K. Consulting
L.E.K.'s Karin von Kienlin recently presented at BVK on a study conducted by L.E.K. Munich and Shanghai. They wished to:
- Understand developments in Chinese equity investments in both the domestic China / pan-Asian market and cross-border investments between China and Germany / Europe
- Identify trends in likely future investment behavior and its drivers
- Defining success factors both for Chinese and German investors / corporates as to how to benefit from the potential opportunities of cross-border investments and cooperation
Learn more in the presentation here.
AI – Opportunities and Challenges in Transforming the Biopharma Value ChainEY
These slides were presented by Pamela Spence, EY Global Life Sciences Industry Leader, at the annual BIO International Convention on 20 June 2017. Pamela led a panel discussion on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the opportunities and challenges it presents in transforming the biopharma value chain. The panelists included Dr. Attul Butte, Director of the Institute for Computational Health Science at the University of California – San Francisco, Iya Khalil, Chief Commercial Officer and Co-founder of GNS Healthcare, Nathan Price, Associate Director of the Institute for Systems Biology and co-founder of Arivale, and Jackie Hunter, CEO of Benevolent AI
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlookEY
As the last quarter of the second pandemic year draws to a close, we continue to see heightened contrast
between the medical and economic points of view. While COVID-19 cases are close to their all-time highs, so
are equity prices, and a leading investment bank declared (on 2 December, 2021 after the Omicron outbreak in South Africa) that it was “optimistic about the possibility of a vibrant 2022.” When news of the variant hit in
late November, the markets were rocked by the prospect of yet another round of local mobility restrictions and
an interrupted return to normal international travel patterns, on top of the Biden Administration’s announced
release of 50 million barrels of crude from the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve. So far though, with OPEC
standing by its planned gradual return to normal production, oil prices have stabilized, albeit below where they
were in mid-November. Henry Hub prices, always at the mercy of the weather, responded predictably to a
warmer-than-normal early winter in the US, falling from US$6.60/MMBtu in early October to below
US$4.00/MMBtu by mid-December. In Europe and Asia, following a short reprieve at the start of the quarter,
piped natural gas prices have spiked again on concerns triggered by Russian troop buildups on the Ukraine
border and uncertainties surrounding the Nordstream 2 pipeline. Looking forward, OPEC and the U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) in their last forecasts of the year both projected that 2022 oil demand would
be above what we saw in 2019. Although time will tell if those forecasts are realized and other events could
intervene, the response to new virus outbreaks is well-practiced and the trade-off between public health and
economic reality has tipped toward a cautiously optimistic view.
The 2010 State of supply chain performance study in Semiconductor industry was conducted with 52 companies with annual turnover exceeding USD 400 million.
The study was conducted from September to November 2010 by iCognitive consultants.
The Study used the same standard online questionnaire in all countries.
In addition, telephone interviews were carried out for verification of online results and additional qualitative data.
Power GaN 2019: Epitaxy, Devices, Applications and Technology Trends - Yole D...Yole Developpement
First design-win for GaN HEMTs in the high-volume smartphone fast charging market.
More information on: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/power-gan-2019-epitaxy-devices-applications-technology-trends/
Shifting Trade Rules and the Future for North America’s Auto IndustryBoston Consulting Group
Two major initiatives by the US to overhaul trade rules could have a massive impact on North America’s automotive manufacturing industry. Here’s how companies should prepare.
PwC’s Trends in People Analytics report highlights our recently published 2015 PwC Saratoga US benchmark data, as well as the implications for people analytics functions and key trends for consideration.
For ten years or more, China has been a uniquely powerful engine of the global economy, regularly posting high single-figure or even double-digit annual increases in GDP. More recently, growth has slowed, prompting sharp falls in international commodity prices and casting a shadow over the near-term prospects for developed and emerging markets.
What will happen next? Pessimists struggle to see what China can do for an encore after what they say was an extraordinary, one-off period of catching up. Optimists believe that during the next 10 to 15 years, China has the potential to continue to outperform the rest of the world and to take its place as a full-fledged advanced economy (see summary infographic, “What’s next for China?”).
Physical and cost analysis of the Ford SYNC 3 Silverbox extracted from the latest Ford Focus.
Reverse Costing - Structure, process and cost report - find more here: https://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/ford-focus-sync-3-silverbox/
Continental SRL1: State-of-the-art LiDAR for Advanced Driver Assistance Syste...Yole Developpement
Continental consolidates its successful role in ADAS-related equipment with this cost-effective solution for emergency brake assist.
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensing has a wide spectrum of applications, one of which is in autonomous or “self-driving” cars. LiDAR is therefore attracting attention from the automotive industry, as well as other fields. However, until now, systems haven’t matched challenging automotive specifications for reliability, compact-ness, and cost-efficiency.
Based on rugged design and components, the SRL-1 from Continental provides a reliable and efficient solid-state LiDAR for frontal impact detection without any mechanical movement. Detecting collisions in an urban environment at speeds up to 50km/h, including an emergency braking assist (EBA) function, makes this product a great asset for today’s autonomous and assisted driving needs.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook (Q4, October 2020)EY
Oil and gas prices have recovered steadily from their lows and are relatively stable, but that stability is supported by the combination of purposeful withholding of production by oil-producing countries and economic stress on upstream independents. Oil prices closed the quarter roughly where they started it, while refining spreads were down slightly. LNG spreads were substantially higher at the end of Q3 than they were at the beginning of the quarter but are still roughly half of what is generally thought of as sustainable.
Going forward, the market will be looking closely at how the economy and demand respond to new developments with respect to a potential COVID-19 vaccine and the US election.
Intel Foveros and TSMC 3D SoIC are competing head-to-head for high-end packaging – How will Samsung react ?More information here : https://www.i-micronews.com/products/high-end-performance-packaging-3d-2-5d-integration-2020/
Power GaN 2018: Epitaxy, Devices, Applications and Technology Trends report b...Yole Developpement
GaN market growth is fed by Lidar, wireless charging and fast charging solutions.
More information on : https://www.i-micronews.com/category-listing/product/power-gan-2018-epitaxy-devices-applications-and-technology-trends.html
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlook, Q2 | April 2022EY
The theme for this quarter is rearrangement. The loss, or potential loss, of Russian oil and gas supplies is forcing producers, refiners and traders to rethink the flow of crude oil and refined products from the wellhead to the gas pump in light of sanctions, potential sanctions and the risk of reputational damage. Countries, companies and consumers will all be searching for ways to adapt, and the outcome of the race to bring alternatives to market could alter the global energy landscape for years to come.
It is likely crude oil and LNG prices will remain elevated for some time. The process of diverting Russian oil through countries unwilling to sanction it will take time and there is little indication OPEC members are willing (or able) to increase production to make up for the loss of Russian crude. Spare capacity sat at 3.7 mbpd at the end of 2021, just above where it was in January 2020. Currently, sanctioned Venezuelan and Iranian production (about 3 mbpd below their peak) could fill the gap, but political and commercial obstacles remain. At today’s prices, US shale production is attractive, but the fastest the industry has been able to grow is between 1mbpd and 2mbpd per year. The LNG infrastructure was already stretched before the war in Ukraine and there is little prosect of finding new supplies soon.
As the largest buyer of Russian energy, Europe will be the epicenter. There is a deeply embedded bias there in favor for renewable energy, and the current crisis is certain to result in an all-out effort to accelerate the build-out of wind and solar power. The capacity to add new green energy is limited though by the project pipeline and supply chains for solar panels and wind turbines, and it is likely that much of the shortfall will be made up with the new LNG infrastructure.
Articles published as sponsored content in the Risk & Compliance Journal from The Wall Street Journal from August 2017 to August 2018. https://deloi.tt/2CMG6lI
China Exit or Co-Investment Opportunities for German PE InvestorsL.E.K. Consulting
L.E.K.'s Karin von Kienlin recently presented at BVK on a study conducted by L.E.K. Munich and Shanghai. They wished to:
- Understand developments in Chinese equity investments in both the domestic China / pan-Asian market and cross-border investments between China and Germany / Europe
- Identify trends in likely future investment behavior and its drivers
- Defining success factors both for Chinese and German investors / corporates as to how to benefit from the potential opportunities of cross-border investments and cooperation
Learn more in the presentation here.
AI – Opportunities and Challenges in Transforming the Biopharma Value ChainEY
These slides were presented by Pamela Spence, EY Global Life Sciences Industry Leader, at the annual BIO International Convention on 20 June 2017. Pamela led a panel discussion on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the opportunities and challenges it presents in transforming the biopharma value chain. The panelists included Dr. Attul Butte, Director of the Institute for Computational Health Science at the University of California – San Francisco, Iya Khalil, Chief Commercial Officer and Co-founder of GNS Healthcare, Nathan Price, Associate Director of the Institute for Systems Biology and co-founder of Arivale, and Jackie Hunter, CEO of Benevolent AI
EY Price Point: global oil and gas market outlookEY
As the last quarter of the second pandemic year draws to a close, we continue to see heightened contrast
between the medical and economic points of view. While COVID-19 cases are close to their all-time highs, so
are equity prices, and a leading investment bank declared (on 2 December, 2021 after the Omicron outbreak in South Africa) that it was “optimistic about the possibility of a vibrant 2022.” When news of the variant hit in
late November, the markets were rocked by the prospect of yet another round of local mobility restrictions and
an interrupted return to normal international travel patterns, on top of the Biden Administration’s announced
release of 50 million barrels of crude from the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve. So far though, with OPEC
standing by its planned gradual return to normal production, oil prices have stabilized, albeit below where they
were in mid-November. Henry Hub prices, always at the mercy of the weather, responded predictably to a
warmer-than-normal early winter in the US, falling from US$6.60/MMBtu in early October to below
US$4.00/MMBtu by mid-December. In Europe and Asia, following a short reprieve at the start of the quarter,
piped natural gas prices have spiked again on concerns triggered by Russian troop buildups on the Ukraine
border and uncertainties surrounding the Nordstream 2 pipeline. Looking forward, OPEC and the U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) in their last forecasts of the year both projected that 2022 oil demand would
be above what we saw in 2019. Although time will tell if those forecasts are realized and other events could
intervene, the response to new virus outbreaks is well-practiced and the trade-off between public health and
economic reality has tipped toward a cautiously optimistic view.
The 2010 State of supply chain performance study in Semiconductor industry was conducted with 52 companies with annual turnover exceeding USD 400 million.
The study was conducted from September to November 2010 by iCognitive consultants.
The Study used the same standard online questionnaire in all countries.
In addition, telephone interviews were carried out for verification of online results and additional qualitative data.
Power GaN 2019: Epitaxy, Devices, Applications and Technology Trends - Yole D...Yole Developpement
First design-win for GaN HEMTs in the high-volume smartphone fast charging market.
More information on: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/power-gan-2019-epitaxy-devices-applications-technology-trends/
Shifting Trade Rules and the Future for North America’s Auto IndustryBoston Consulting Group
Two major initiatives by the US to overhaul trade rules could have a massive impact on North America’s automotive manufacturing industry. Here’s how companies should prepare.
PwC’s Trends in People Analytics report highlights our recently published 2015 PwC Saratoga US benchmark data, as well as the implications for people analytics functions and key trends for consideration.
For ten years or more, China has been a uniquely powerful engine of the global economy, regularly posting high single-figure or even double-digit annual increases in GDP. More recently, growth has slowed, prompting sharp falls in international commodity prices and casting a shadow over the near-term prospects for developed and emerging markets.
What will happen next? Pessimists struggle to see what China can do for an encore after what they say was an extraordinary, one-off period of catching up. Optimists believe that during the next 10 to 15 years, China has the potential to continue to outperform the rest of the world and to take its place as a full-fledged advanced economy (see summary infographic, “What’s next for China?”).
Physical and cost analysis of the Ford SYNC 3 Silverbox extracted from the latest Ford Focus.
Reverse Costing - Structure, process and cost report - find more here: https://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/ford-focus-sync-3-silverbox/
An overview of potential future lifecycle impacts of low carbon vehicles. Shifting to hybrid and electric vehicles will mean that an increasing share of lifecycle GHG emissions come from the production of the vehicle and electricity. Presentation given at the annual LowCVP conference by Nik Hill, knowledge leader for transport technology at Ricardo-AEA
A report commissioned by T&E and Greenpeace suggests the EU can more than halve its existing carbon dioxide emissions from new cars with existing technology. The report, by Ricardo-AEA, says the right mixture of electric, hybrid and conventionally-fuelled cars will enable Europe to reach a target of 60 grams per kilometre from the average new car in 2025.
In 2011, the average emissions from new cars sold in the EU was 136 g/km. A 95g target has been set for 2020, although MEPs and ministers are still working out how this will be achieved. The USA aims to halve emissions from new cars by 2025 and environmental campaigners are keen to ensure the EU matches America’s level of ambition.
The T&E/Greenpeace study shows that a target of 60g could be achieved if up to 24% of new vehicles were electric, another 24% hybrids and the remaining 52% conventional (petrol and diesel) cars. A target of 70g would require only a modest share of electric cars (7%), which is at the very low-end of conservative market projections for electric vehicles by 2025. The remainder would come from hybrids (22%) and conventional petrol/diesel cars (71%). A supporting briefing prepared by T&E shows that the costs of technology are likely to be paid back within a few years.
T&E cars officer Greg Archer said: ‘This report helps bring some clarity about what can be achieved with existing technology and with a modest boost from sales of electric cars. Setting a 2025 target now will give the industry the regulatory certainty it needs to invest in electric alternatives now.”
Bracing for Impact: Assessing the impact of the automotive trends on the chem...Surabhi Shankar
As the automotive sector braces for MADE+ (Mobility, Autonomous Driving, Digital, Electrification, Light weighting) trends, chemicals and materials companies supplying into the industry must deal with some major shifts in industry dynamics.
In this new study – Bracing for Impact – we analyze the impact of MADE+ on the chemicals and materials used in an archetypal car and we model its evolution through 2030. The study covers the usage of the full-suite of materials families across key car systems as new types of vehicles and business models emerge in the future and discusses key implications for chemicals and materials players.
We look forward to your comments and questions
Latest Audi Q3 instrument cluster with immobilizer: Structural and cost analysis
Reverse Costing - Structure, process and cost report - find more here: https://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/audi-bosch-fpk-generation-2-instrument-cluster/
Car electronization trend in automotive industryKenji Suzuki
As EV/HEV and other alternative powertrain gaining popularity, more and more electronics are adopted in a vehicle. Until recently, such electronics were supplied mainly by "conventional" tier1s and tier2s in the industry. However, the increase in electronics used in a vehicle is opening up the door for consumer electronics manufacturers to join.
What does it mean in terms of reliability and durability of a vehicle. What needs to be done for reliability and durability assessment.
Position paper for standardization and legislation of battery value chain of ...OlgaRodrguezLargo
This report analyzes the state of the art of the current legislation and standard regulations in general concerning technical and legal requirements, together with safety issues, relative to disassembly and re-manufacturing, transportation and storage of reusable/recyclable parts and components, extended producer responsibility (EPR) regarding new parts and products put on the market. These topics were mainly focused on the batteries value chain by identifying limits and barriers of the current legislation and standard regulations for the development of CarE Service project, and furthermore by elaborating proposals to remove these limits and barriers with the clear indications of potential benefit associated.
The contents of this report were used to elaborate this deliverable as a formal position paper with proposals on legislation and standard regulations to be submitted to the relevant European stakeholders (CEN- CENELEC, Standardization Committee, National and Regional Authorities, European Commission).
This report is a living and dynamic document due to the upcoming changes in the EU regulations for the revision of the Battery Directive, the ELV Directive and the battery sustainability initiatives.
Thus, this is the first version, potentially upgradeable up to the end of the CarE-Service project.
Similar to roland_berger_global_automotive_stamping_study_e_20170210 (1).pdf (20)
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
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The family offers a choice of engines
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. 2
This study was prepared by Roland Berger GmbH ("RB") and is based on publicly available information which has not been independently verified by RB, as well as
certain assumptions, general assessments, projections and experience derived from RB's consulting activities, in each case as at the time of the study’s preparation.
Any assumptions, assessments, projections and experience values contained in this study involve significant elements of subjective judgment and analysis, which may
or may not be correct. Neither RB, nor any of its affiliates, partners, employees or agents provide a guarantee or warranty (express or implied), or accept any liability or
other form of responsibility with respect to the authenticity, origin, validity, accuracy, completeness or relevance of any information, assumption, assessment, projection
and experience.
To the extent this study contains statements or projections which are forward-looking, neither RB nor any of its affiliates, partners, employees or agents provide a
guarantee or warranty (express or implied) or accept any liability or other form of responsibility in case the actual future developments will differ from the statements and
projections in this study. Even if changes and events occurring after the publication of this study will impact the validity, accuracy, completeness or relevance of this
study, RB does not assume or accept any liability to update, amend or revise this study, but reserves the right to do so at its free discretion.
Disclaimer
3. 3
A. Executive summary, scope and methodology of study 4
B. Market trends and their impact on the automotive
stamping components market 9
C. Future development of the market and implications 26
D. The Roland Berger Automotive Competence Center 35
Contents
5. 5
Executive summary
Source: Roland Berger
Hot stamping is expected to become the industry standard for structural body components
We estimate the market for stamped components will grow from EUR 103 bn (2015) to
EUR 127 bn (2025), the addressable market for suppliers from EUR 43 bn to EUR 63 bn
We say BACK TO BASICS – the vehicles of the future, whether electric or not, will still
require basic parts such as wheels, seats, chassis and bodies
The automotive industry is currently dominated by hype about mobility services, autonomous
driving, digitization, electric powertrains, etc.
We investigated the expected development of stamped components in the body in white
(BIW) and chassis
Current leading suppliers need to offer their technology portfolio globally – smaller market
players must focus on specific products and customers
6. 6
Our study focuses on body in white (BIW) and chassis components
that are typically metal-based and stamped
Source: Roland Berger
Scope of the study: Stamped components for BIW and chassis components
Structural components
Exterior (class A, closures)
Body in white1)
1) Other metal components such as seat structures and hinges are not in scope
C-pillar
Roof frame
Longitudinal beam
(front and rear)
Tunnel
Trunk lid/tailgate
(frame and panel)
Floor and other panels
Doors
(frame and panel)
Front fender
B-pillar
Rocker
A-pillar
Hood (frame and panel)
Roof panel
(not in picture)
Rear side
panels/fenders
Chassis
Links
Control arms
Cradle and sub-frames
7. 7
Chassis and exterior account for around 35% of total vehicle value –
We estimate a stamped component value of EUR 1,100 per vehicle
Material cost split for a compact vehicle in Europe, 2015
18%
Interior
Exterior
E/E
15%
11%
Engine
Drivetrain
20%
20%
16%
Material cost split
Total material cost: Approx. EUR 10,000
Scope of study [EUR per vehicle]
Chassis
Exterior
~1,4002)
Stamped
components
Other
~2001)
~9003)
BiW stamped
components
Other
~900
Source: Roland Berger
Comments
> Material cost split is
based on a high-
volume compact
vehicle in Europe
> Underlying stamped
BIW and chassis
components are
considered as Tier-1
subassemblies supplied
to OEM body shops
Chassis
1) Value of chassis system depends greatly on specific vehicle design 2) "Other" includes steering system, braking system, wheels, suspension, etc.
3) "Other" includes headlamps, wiper systems, bumper fascia, etc.
8. 8
The study looks at automotive trends and assesses their impact on
the stamped component market and key market players
Methodology
Source: Roland Berger
Sources
> Interviews with
OEMs (BIW/chassis
parts purchasing
departments) and
BIW/chassis
suppliers in Europe,
Asia and North
America
> External data
providers (e.g. IHS)
> Desk research
– OEM/supplier
websites
– Annual reports
– Public conference
papers
Trend
analysis
Market
assessment
Impact on
market players
> Identify macro-trends
impacting the
automotive industry
> Analyze relevant trends
for the stamped BIW
and chassis component
market
> Derive key assumptions
for market development
> Calculate share of
stamped BIW and
chassis components in
overall component
market
> Estimate 2025 market
for stamped
components by
– Domain
(BIW, chassis)
– Region
> Perform deep dive on
hot stamping market
> Segment competitive
landscape for BIW and
chassis components
> Carry out market share
analysis for key players
> Derive implications of
trend analysis and
market forecast for key
players
9. 9
B. Market trends and
their impact on the
automotive stamping
components market
10. 10
We identify seven key trends in automotive in the coming decade –
Weight reduction and safety are key factors impacting the market
High relevance Low relevance
Key automotive
trends
Description
Macro-
trends
1 2 3 4 5
PC/LCV demand
growth
Vehicle emissi-
ons regulations
Recycling
regulations
Safety
regulations
Price
pressure
Fueled by increas-
ing vehicle demand
(despite adverse
effects, e.g. from
car sharing), pro-
duction is expected
to grow further –
however, with
shifting segment/
regional structure
OEMs face
increasing margin
pressure (passed
on to suppliers),
implement cost
optimization pro-
grams and further
push platform
strategies to serve
global markets and
amortize R&D
expenses
Current and future
safety regulations
focus especially
on pedestrian
safety and driver
assistance
systems;
emerging markets
are catching up
6
Standardization
Economic deve-
lopment/popu-
lation growth
Regulation OEM activities
Weight reduction
and electrification
are key levers for
achieving CO2
emission targets
Recyclability
requirements in
established
markets limit the
opportunities for
new materials and
favor the use of
steel/aluminum,
for example
Global compete-
tion on the OEM-
side and therefore
also on the
supplier side is
increasing; global
platforms further
intensify supplier
competition
Relevance
for BIW
Relevance
for chassis
Source: Roland Berger
7
Focus on
core activities
Key automotive trends and relevance for the BIW and chassis component market
Global OEMs in
particular will
focus on core
activities and
reduce the strong
share of
commodities
Stamping
11. 11
Driven by economic growth and increasing vehicle penetration,
production volumes are shifting towards Asia and South America
Global light vehicle1) production by region, 2015-2025
Production volumes [m units] Production share [%]
Source: IHS Q1 2017; Roland Berger
Other2)
South
America
China
Japan/
Korea
NAFTA
Europe
2025e
113
21
5
34
13
19
22
2020e
101
16
3
30
13
19
21
2015
89
12
3
24
13
17
19
30.5
16.4
11.3
19.2
Other2)
NAFTA
2025e
South
America
4.3
18.4
Japan/
Korea
China
Europe
2020e
16.2
3.2
29.4
12.5
18.5
20.3
2015
13.3
3.5
26.7
14.9
19.7
21.9 -2.7
-3.7
+5.1
+0.8
+3.8
-3.3
∆ ppt.
'15-'25
x%
1) Light vehicles < 6t 2) India, Russia, other Asia, Middle East/Africa
100%
PC/LCV demand growth
1
2.4%
1.1%
-0.4%
5.8%
4.7%
3.8%
0.6%
CAGR
'15-'25
2.2%
1.1%
CAGR
'20-'25
∆ ppt.
'20-'25
-1.6
-2.4
+2.9
-0.3
+2.7
-1.2
Regions with strongest expected increase through 2025
0.2%
4.8%
8.4%
3.0%
-0.3%
12. 12
Emission regulations put increased pressure on automotive OEMs
to improve CO2 levels, fuel efficiency and exhaust gas emissions
GHG emissions/fuel consumption
(CO2)
Toxic emissions
(NOx, PM, HC, other)
> CO2 emissions
target1)
> Fuel efficiency
targets3)
> CAFC4) (phase IV)
> Add. potential fleet
xEV target share
> CAFE2)
> Additional ZEV
regulation CARB
≙ 44.8 mpg
95
-25%
2025
68-78
tbd
2021
2013
127
-1%
2025
tbd
2020
115
2012
121
95
-32%
2025
2020
117
2013
171
97
2025
-21%
2020
125
2013
159
≙ 19.4 km/L
≙ 20.3 km/L
≙ 36.0 mpg
≙ 5 L/100km
≙ 7.3 L/100km
> 2014: Euro 6b emission standard
> 2017: Euro 6c with implementation
of RDE, additionally WLTP
> 2015: CARB LEV III
> 2017: EPA Tier 3 Standards
> 2009: Post new long-term (PNLT)
JC08 mode cycle
> 2018: Post-PNLT (PPNLT)
> 2016: China 5 and Beijing 5
Vehicle emissions regulations
2
Light vehicle GHG emissions/fuel consumption [g/km] and toxic emission regulations
1) Weight-based corporate average 2) Footprint-based corporate average; converted to NEDC 3) Weight-class based corporate average; showing JC08
4) Weight-class based per vehicle and corporate average
Source: Press research; ICCT; Roland Berger
Note: GHG = greenhouse gases
13. 13
Vehicle weight has grown over the generations, increasing the need
for lightweight materials to reduce CO2 emissions
Average curb1) weight development in Europe [mid sized volume vehicle – Indexed]
Source: Press and desk research; OEM websites; expert interviews; Roland Berger
> Major drivers of additional weight in
previous vehicle generations in the past
– Stricter crash regulations
– Increased safety features
(e.g. ABS, ESP, higher brake
performance)
– Increased number of functions and
convenience features (e.g. HVAC
modules, electric window lifters, NVH
dampening)
– Increased vehicle dimensions
> Current tendency to reduce weight driven
by various trends
– Engine downsizing
– Increased use of lightweight materials
– Weight optimization-oriented vehicle
design
2 generations
ago
Previous
generation
114%
Current vehicle
generation
100%
133%
121%
3 generations
ago
Comments
∆ 33%
2 Lightweight materials
1) Curb analysis based on following vehicles: Golf (Volkswagen); Astra (General Motors); 308, 306, 309 II (PSA); Megane (Renault/Nissan); Clio (Renault/Nissan)
14. 14
Most OEMs are converging on multi-material strategies, which use a
mix of ferrous and non-ferrous metals alongside plastics
Sheet metal stampings – Key trends
> Several material paths are possible,
depending on tradeoff between cost
and impact (depending on model
and geography)
> Comprehensive approach required
that goes beyond material and
joining technologies, e.g. taking into
account construction/functional
integration, energy consumption,
recycling
> Increase of global platform volumes
will need material flexibility to meet
local requirements – also with
regard to structural parts
Source: Roland Berger
Growing set of capabilities
required for suppliers of sheet
metal stampings
Volume realization character
CFRP1 designs
Aluminum
designs
Mixed alum./steel designs
New light metal
designs
Advanced steel design
Lightweight
potential
2 Lightweight materials
Fiber-reinforced plastics
Hybrid design
Comments
1) CFRP = carbon fiber-reinforced polymer
Baseline: Conventional
steel design
15. 15
In lightweight construction, advanced steels offer the best weight
reduction to savings ratio for structural body parts
Up to 25%
50-60%
45-55%
100%
75-85%
Composite
materials
Aluminum
Magnesium
Hot-formed
steel
Traditional steel
Assessment of lightweight materials
Relative weight
Lightweight materials
Source: Expert interviews; Roland Berger
Material
Cost of weight
saving [EUR/kg] Key advantages
> Proven material, in use for decades
> Good forming capabilities
> Good availability
> Very high strength with good formability
> Attractive cost-benefit ratio for weight-saving
> Variable strength through sophisticated
processing (e.g. tailored tempering)
> Low specific weight and good formability
> Quite high strength when semi-hot or hot-
forming (7.000 series)
> Lightest specific weight for metals used
in automotive applications
> Highest performance to weight
> Lower parts count (higher amount of
functional integrated parts)
Key disadvantages
> High specific weight
> Large number of process steps required
(incl. tooling)
> Higher investment, sourcing and
operation costs
> Use limited to structural BIW
components
> Greater technical effort to join with steel
parts (rivet piercing vs. spot welding)
> More sensitive to surface defects
> Lower formability and higher spring back1
> Very effective coating required to avoid
magnesium oxidation
> Lowest formability
> Bad recyclability
> Very expensive
> Limited crash performance
(no structural integrity)
Further detailed
low high
low high
low high
low high
None
1) Compared to steel
2
16. 16
Automotive steel stamping competes with various alternative
production technologies, depending on the component
Decision factors: Steel stamping vs. alternative production technologies
Highly positive influence Neutral Highly negative influence
Factor in technology
decision
Aluminum
casting
Positive influence Negative influence
Iron
casting
Forging Composite
materials
Plastic injec-
tion molding
1) Strongly depends on chosen casting technology 2) Light metal forging parts possible 3) Can be economical for some small series (depending on form)
4) Fulfillment of high safety requirements only possible at high costs 5) Vehicle crash suitability 6) Due to large number of different alloys
Source: Desk research; interviews; Roland Berger
Hot
stamping
Cold
stamping
2)
1)
4)
3)
6)
2 Lightweight materials
In-house OEM capacity
Maintenance/repair
Weight reduction
Cost
Safety relevance5)
Degree of freedom in
design
Recyclability
Production volume
Major area of use Chassis parts Chassis parts Body parts Body parts Chassis parts Body parts Body parts
17. 17
Hot forming is increasingly popular for BIW components –
Driven by increased strength and mass reduction requirements
> Increasing share of hot-stamped steel in BIW is
driven by certain beneficial attributes, including
– High strength and crash resistance at
relatively low cost
– Low weight due to reduced material thickness
– Reduced spring-back during manufacturing
process (common in cold-forming process)
– Best weight savings per additional cost
compared to aluminum and plastic composites
> Also within specific models: e.g. in the Mazda 2,
the current model has an approx. 30% share of
hot-stamped steel, beating its predecessor
model (approx. 10%) – parts made of hot steel
include A-pillar, roof frame, rocker panels
Share of hot-stamped steel in BIW – Sample vehicles [%]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
10
2002 12 14 2016
04 06 08
Golf VI
Audi Q7
Mazda 2
Volvo XC90
Volvo V70
VW Passat
Volvo XC90
Honda Civic
VW Golf VII
Audi A3
Honda Civic
Mazda 2
Source: OEM information; expert interviews; Roland Berger
Lightweight materials
2
Comments
18. 18
Uncertainty is growing over powertrain electrification –
Various scenarios are possible for 2025
North America1) Europe2) China
High xEV
scenario
Baseline
scenario
Low xEV
scenario
Current
(2016)
12% 14% 73%
BEV PHEV ICE3)
15% 9% 76%
BEV PHEV ICE3)
8%
82%
10%
PHEV
BEV ICE3)
93%
3%
4%
85%
10%
6% 8% 85%
7%
99%
0%
1%
88%
7%
5%
89%
6%
5%
99%
0%
1%
98%
1%
1%
Powertrain split, 2025 [% of sales]
Source: Roland Berger
Most likely scenario
Powertrain electrification
2
1) NAFTA 2) EU 28 3) Including full, mild and micro hybrid vehicles
99%
1%
1%
19. 19
Global EV/PHEV sales are expected to grow from 0.5 million units
(2015) to 13 million units (2025)
Global EV/PHEV sales volume, 2015-2025 – Most likely scenario by region [m units]
Source: IHS Q1 2017; press research; Roland Berger
Comments
PHEV
EV
2025
13.0
6.0
7.0
2020
4.3
2.0
2.3
2015
0.5
0.2 0.3
Powertrain electrification
2
+40%
CAGR 2015-'25
+38%
+36%
> Development of EV and PHEV sales is
mainly driven by regulation
– All major OEMs require PHEV/EVs by
2020 to meet EU CO2 target
(95g/100 km in 2021) – further
reduction in CO2 target levels beyond
2021 will push electrified further still
– 5l/100 CAFE regulation in China is
driving electrification, as are recently
published plans for EV quotas across
OEMs
> Pressure on cell prices will continue –
together with the already clear advances
in volumetric energy density this could
lead to significant further cost reductions,
well below the currently expected 150
EUR/kWh on pack level in 2020
20. 20
xEVs are gaining weight, particularly due to high-voltage batteries
Powertrain electrification
2
Weight comparison of ICE, PHEV and EV – Example: VW Golf [kg]
Source: OEM information; Roland Berger
Vehicle weight ICE-PHEV
> Golf BlueMotion TDI
with four-cylinder turbo-
charged diesel engine
> 6-Gear-DSG
> Engine: 110 kW
> Golf BlueMotion TDI with
four-cylinder turbo-
charged diesel engine
> 6-Gear-DSG
> Engine: 110 kW
> 24.2 kWh lithium-ion
battery pack
> Range: 130 km
> E-motor: 85 kW
1,354
1,585
1,354
1,572
Vehicle weight ICE-EV
+218
+231
> Battery
> Power electronic
> E-motor
> Etc.
> Battery
> Power electronic
> E-motor
> Etc.
ICE PHEV ICE EV
> Engine
> Muffler
> Fuel tank
> Prop
shafts
> Etc.
> 8.7 kWh lithium-ion
battery pack
> 6-Gear-DSG
> Engine: 110 kW
> E-motor: 75 kW
> System power: 150 kW
21. 21
Recycling and pressure to reuse vehicles is likely to grow in the
coming years – Stricter EU end-of-life targets in place since 2015
EU End-of-Life Vehicle Directive – Targets [% of vehicle weight]
Source: Press research; European Commission; Roland Berger
> EU End-of-Life Vehicle Directive (ELV) passed in
2000
> Directive applies to passenger cars and light
commercial vehicles
> Main objectives are
– Prevent vehicle waste and use of certain
heavy metals1)
– Increase reuse, recycling and other forms of
recovery
– Reduce waste disposal
> ELV reuse and recovery rate for the five biggest
EU markets between 80% and 89% in 2008
> While efficient processes for recycling steel are
already established, there are still barriers to
recycling aluminum and particularly advanced
materials, such as composites
80
85 85
95 +6%
Rate of recovery
+12%
Rate of recycling
2006 2015
Recycling regulations
3
Comments
1) Cadmium, lead, mercury and hexavalent chromium
22. 22
Source: Expert interviews; NHTSA; EU Commission; FIA; Roland Berger
Past initiatives to improve vehicle safety have already led to major
changes in material use and BIW component design
> In Europe and the US, the market is driven by
safety performance assessment programs such
as Euro and US NCAP – OEMs aim for top, 5-
star ratings due to high customer awareness
> In the past, Euro and US NCAP test
requirements have focused on driver and
passenger safety, with a high impact on BIW
components – both material usage and
component design were affected
> Future tests are expected to focus more on
pedestrian safety and driver assistance
programs
> This will not be majorly disruptive for
BIW/chassis components, but
– New required functionalities will have to be
integrated (e.g. "intelligent hoods")
– OEMs will be looking for materials that
ensure a high level of design freedom, as
design and specifications are impacted by
the regulations
Initiatives impacting BIW
Focus area for future initiatives
Crash regulations in Europe and US
Safety regulations
4
ECE-R 21
Steering wheel
Instrument panel Interior
Roof
Headrest
FMVSS 201 ECE-R 21, 32, 33,
EG 74/60
FMVSS 201-205, 207,
213, 225 ECE-R 12, 16,
17, 21, 44, EG 74/60
FMVSS 216
FMVSS 202 ECE-R 17 25 EG 78/932
Pedestrian protection
Seat belts
Seats
Side impact
Bumper
Rollover
Rear impact
2003/102/EG
ECE-R 127
FMVSS 203, 204, 206, 208,
209, 210, 212, 302
ECE-R 12, 14, 16, 33, 94, 137
FMVSS 581 ECE-R 42,
2006/66/EC (for "Bull bars")
FMVSS 203, 204 ECE-R 12,
EG 74/297
FMVSS 201, 208, 216, 301
FMVSS 201, 205, 206,
214, 301 ECE-R 11, 95
EG 96/27 FMVSS 201, 207
ECE-R 16, 17, 21, 44
EG 74/60, 74 406
FMVSS 208, 209, 210, 213 ECE-R 14,
16 EG 76/115, 77/541, 96/79, 96/27
FMVSS 202, 207, 223,
224, 302, 581
ECE-R 17, 25, 32, 42
Frontal impact
Windshield
FMVSS 205, 212, 219
Comments
Status as of 2016
23. 23
Local platforms are mostly assembled in Asia – Chinese OEMs are
going global, reducing the share of local platforms in 2020
1) Only platforms with >1,000 vehicles p.a. considered 2) Platforms considered local when >1,000 vehicles p.a. in just one region
Vehicle production on global vs. local platforms
Source: IHS Q1 2017; Roland Berger
+8%
Global
Local2)
2020
421
294
(70%)
127
(30%)
2015
391
217
(55%)
174
(45%)
Platform types [no.]1) Vehicle production [m units]
Global
Local2)
2020
101
92
(91%)
9
(9%)
2015
89
78
(88%)
11
(12%)
+14%
Price pressure/standardization
5
> Volume OEMs in particular plan to further
increase the number of variants on one
platform due to cost
> Platform development costs typically account
for around 50% of total product development
costs
– Pursuing fewer but larger global platforms
helps OEMs achieve greater economies of
scale and efficient product launches
– Core platforms will be used to design and
mass produce vehicles across various
size/price segments and brands
> OEMs are expected to increase co-
development and platform sharing
> Volumes of specific components would
increase from intra-platform component
commonality – that means that suppliers will
have to
– Increase global production capacities
– Identify and align with more favorable
platforms
6
Comments
24. 24
OEMs – especially international OEMs in NAFTA – are generally
not planning to invest in setting up their own press shop facilities
Focus on core activities
7
OEM coverage of production value chain – Examples
1) Simplified 2) Components will be provided by suppliers in South Carolina, Europe and China. Suppliers will partly assemble components before delivery
Source: OEM websites; press research; IHS Q1 2017; Roland Berger
OEM
Press
shop
Plant (start
of product'n)
Body
shop
Vehicle
assembly
Coverage of production value chain1)
"BMW has no plans to add
a stamping plant in
Spartanburg because of
its good relationship with
its supplier Magna
International"
Head of production, 2014
"The South Carolina plant
will be a full assembly
plant minus a stamping
plant, and it will have a full
paint shop"
Spokesperson, 2015
Model
Spartanburg
(1994) X3, X4, X5, X6
Vitoria
(2003) Vito, V-Class
Chattanooga
(2011) Passat, Atlas
Berkeley County
(2018)
( ) 2)
S60
25. 25
Surface
components1 (BIW)
2015 Future
EU and NAFTA outsource BIW components more often than Asia –
Overall, surface components outsourced less than other components
Current outsourcing rate, 2015 and future development [%]
Region
EU
(incl. Russia)
Structural
components (BIW) Chassis components
2015 Future 2015 Future
NAFTA
China
Japan/Korea
Other2
CAGR '15-'25 ≥ 4% CAGR '15-'25 0.5%≤ x < 4% CAGR '15-'25 0 ≤ x < 0.5%
30%
30%
10%
10%
10%
65%
65%
30%
25%
25%
65%
65%
70%
85%
65%
"In general, Chinese,
Japanese and Korean
OEMs are more vertically
integrated, leading to a
low outsourcing rate. In
Europe, the outsourcing
rate is similar to the US"
Production Director,
Tier-1 supplier
"The majority of chassis
components are
outsourced, at rates of
65% and above. Only
larger Asian OEMs have a
below-average
outsourcing rate"
VP Manufacturing Systems,
Tier-1 supplier
1) Skin panels, including corresponding inner parts/reinforcements
2) India, other Asia and rest of world
South
America 30% 65% 85%
Focus on core activities
7
Source: Expert interviews; Roland Berger
27. 27
Total global market for BIW & chassis stamped components is
EUR 103 bn – Approximately 15% of the total component market
Global component market and total market for stamped components, 2015 [EUR bn]
216
178
166
103
725
62
81
Interior
22
103
Powertrain
Exterior
Total component market
Chassis
E/E
Scope of study
> The study focused on stamped
components in exterior and chassis
> Major chassis and exterior
components are not relevant for the
study, e.g. (numbers in brackets
indicate global market value)
– Exterior: Lighting (EUR 15 bn),
bumper fascia (12 bn), windshield
& windows (8 bn), Coatings (7 bn),
sealants (6 bn), other (37 bn)
– Chassis: Tires & wheels (24 bn),
brakes (24 bn), steering (20 bn),
other (15 bn)
Chassis
BIW
Source: Roland Berger market model
Comments
Non-relevant chassis components
> Tires & wheels
> Brakes
> Steering
Non-relevant exterior components
> Lighting
> Bumper fascia
> Windshield and window glass
28. 28
+4.4%
+4.1%
+2.9%
Outsourcing rate is expected to grow over the next decade –
Global market will be worth around EUR 63 bn in 2025
Total market, OEM captive vs. outsourced, 2015-25 [EUR bn, %]
2025
127
20
33
OEM captive
BIW surface1
BIW structural
Chassis
27
8
63
(54%)
2015
103
10
64
(51%)
2020
116
18
15
22
6
60
(58%)
> The total market will
grow in line with global
vehicle production
(CAGR '15-'25 2.4%)
> For suppliers, the
addressable market
will grow faster than
the total market due to
increasing outsourcing
rates (42% in 2015,
estimated 49% in
2020)
> Component prices
assumed constant over
time, as material costs
are typically indexed,
and minor year-on-year
price reductions are
balanced out by
evolutionary product
innovations2)
CAGR '15-'25
+2.1%
+0.7%
1) Skin panels, including corresponding inner parts/reinforcements
2) Optimized product design in next vehicle generations based on same materials and general processes
43
63
53
+3.7%
Total
Source: Roland Berger market model
Comments
29. 29
EU and NAFTA account for around 70% of the BIW and 50% of the
chassis market – Both shares are shrinking as China expands
Addressable market by region, 2015-25 [EUR bn, %]
+2.5%
+8.1%
+3.7%
+8.5%
13%
31%
39%
Other
Japan/
Korea
China
37%
2015
28
8%
9%
NAFTA
EU
2025
42
12%
35
9%
9%
16%
29%
8%
19%
26%
34%
2020
+4.3%
+2.6%
BIW, surface1 and structural Chassis
Japan/
Korea
Other
21%
26%
12%
2025
20
18%
16%
13%
26%
20%
25%
28%
18%
24%
2020
18
China
NAFTA
EU
2015
15
14%
16%
23%
+1.6%
+4.8%
-0.1%
+5.4%
+2.9%
+2.0%
Source: Roland Berger market model
CAGR vehicle
production
+0.6%
+3.8%
-0.4%
+5.6%
+2.4%
+1.1%
CAGR 2015-'25 CAGR 2015-'25 CAGR 2015-'25
1) Skin panels, including corresponding inner parts/reinforcements
30. 30
Share of hot stamping in total BIW market is expected to grow
2015 2020e
Share of hot stamped parts in total BIW [% of market value]
92%
Other
Hot stamping
8%
Hot stamping
13%
Other
87%
Total BIW market:
EUR 81 bn
Total BIW market:
EUR 91 bn
Source: Expert interviews; Roland Berger market model
2025e
Hot stamping
17%
83%
Other
Total BIW market:
EUR 100 bn
31. 31
Forecast growth of the hot stamping market is 11% – Significantly
higher than growth of total stamping component market
Total BIW hot stamping revenues by region1), 2015-25 [EUR bn; %]
+10.4%
+15.1%
+14.0%
+39.7%
25%
47%
25%
23%
30%
11.6
EU
(incl. Russia)
China
Japan/Korea
Other
NAFTA
16%
19%
24%
38%
2015
6.1
1% 10%
17%
3%
9%
13%
17.4
2025
2020
> China is the key growth driver
as it is expected that its body
safety structures will be
adapted to European
standards, including wider use
of hot stamping components
for structural components
> Europe has the weakest
growth rate, indicating a
market slowdown as the
penetration of hot stamped
components in the car body
reaches a plateau
+11.0%
+6.1%
1) Including OEM capacities
Source: Desk research; expert interviews; Roland Berger market model
Comments
CAGR '15-2025
32. 32
Three main players have a truly global market presence and major
share – Asian market is less concentrated
Source: MarkLines; press research
NAFTA Europe
China
Japan/Korea
South America
Market shares for top-three players by region in 2015 (body and chassis components)
Global suppliers Regional/specialized suppliers
> Market is dominated by three
global suppliers that have a
significant footprint in the major
automotive regions, including
global technology access
> In addition, various regional/
specialized smaller suppliers
exist in each region, typically
with strong relationships with
their core customers
> Asia has a larger share of
regional/specialized suppliers
due to
– Strong OEM-supplier
relationships in Japan
("captive" market for other
suppliers)
– Fragmented competitive
landscape in China
Comments
33. 33
Price competitiveness, global presence and quality leadership are
core factors for successful participation in the market
Purchasing criteria – OEMs
1) Steel, aluminum, multi material, carbon fiber, etc.
1 Price competitiveness
2 Process technology competencies
3 Broad material competency1)
4 Tooling competencies
5 International manufacturing footprint
6 R&D competencies
7 Project management competencies
8 Quality leadership
9 Financial stability
Purchasing criteria 1 2 3 4 5
Importance
Comments
> Components with high price sensitivity,
especially those with low value add
> Especially material treatment, heating and die
tooling process competence
> Growing importance of lightweight materials and
multi-material car body designs
> Stable tooling competencies required
> Key demand for OEMs is ability of supplier to
serve global platforms
> Suppliers must be able to offer different product
solutions
> Project management currently very important as
global platforms increase in complexity
> Crucial for BIW as many components are
critical for safety
> OEMs demand financial strength due to high
CAPEX requirements in BIW and chassis
Source: Expert interviews; Roland Berger
Importance today Importance in the future (2025)
34. 34
Implications and key takeaways
Source: Roland Berger
The trends identified in the study are expected to have a positive impact on stamped BIW and chassis
components. As a result, the market is expected to outperform automotive production growth, offering suppliers a
stable business if they can meet the following key market and purchasing criteria
> Cost competitiveness (process excellence)
> Presence in growth markets (especially China)
> Sufficient competencies in project management (especially global platforms)
Although steel is expected to remain the dominant material, OEMs are likely to demand competencies in other
materials. Suppliers must therefore define a material strategy and monitor the different material types
Hot stamping technology will be the key growth driver for stamped components, almost tripling the market size to
more than EUR 15 bn by 2025
> Risk of price pressure due to increasing competition as more suppliers start using hot stamping technology and
OEMs gain a better understanding of the hot stamping cost structure through in-house competencies
> Further technology improvements are possible (e.g. tailored material properties), offering suppliers the opportunity
to add further value
On a macro perspective, environmental conditions are expected to remain volatile, placing special requirements
on the supplier business model
> High degree of flexibility so suppliers can adjust operations simply and cheaply depending on OEM volumes
> Close monitoring of potential disruptive factors in the automotive industry – current vehicle production forecasts
show growing volumes but conditions and underlying assumptions may change in the future
36. 36
The Roland Berger Automotive Competence Center
Overview
1 We support all relevant players in the automotive industry
– OEMs, suppliers, service providers and financial investors
We consistently deliver projects in all functional areas
2
We are thought leaders, with proven tools and
studies
3
We continuously deliver the highest quality to our clients
4
Source: Roland Berger
Over 2,000
projects across
the globe in the
last decade,
serving all major
clients in the
automotive
industry
37. 37
A strong global network
Source: Roland Berger
400+ professionals globally
The Roland Berger Automotive Competence Center:
Per I.
Nilsson
Gothenburg
Per M.
Nilsson
Gothenburg
Soosung
Lee
Seoul
Rene
Seyger
Amsterdam
Stephan
Keese
Chicago
Marc
Winterhoff
Detroit
Eduard
Cherkin
Moscow
Yuzuru
Ohashi
Tokyo
Satoshi
Nagashima
Tokyo
Dr. Martin
Tonko
Tokyo
Keisuke
Takahashi
Tokyo
Anthonie
Versluis
Kuala Lumpur
Thomas
Klotz
Singapore
Codrut
Pascu
Bucharest
Frigyes
Schannen
Budapest
Vladimir
Preveden
Zagreb
Rodrigo
Custodio
Sao
Paulo
Dr. Wilfried
Aulbur
Mumbai
Jeffry
Jacob
Mumbai
Robert
Thomson
London
Keisuke
Yamabe
Singapore
Jens
Nackmayr
London
Serge
Lhoste
Montreal
Shun
Fan
Shanghai
Kushal
Shah
Manama
Santiago
Castillo
Manama
Patrick
Biecheler
Madrid
Joao
Saint-
Aubyn
Madrid
Bin
Wan
Shanghai
Liang
Ye
Shanghai
Hitoshi
Kaise
Tokyo
Martin
Bodewig
Chicago
Brandon
R. Boyle
Detroit
Ignatius
Tong
Shanghai
Raymond
Wang
Shanghai
Johan
Karlberg
Shanghai
Michael
Rüger
Berlin
Marcus
Berret
Stuttgart
Alexander
Brenner
Hamburg
Jan-Philipp
Hasenberg
Hamburg
Felix
Mogge
Munich
Markus
Baum
Stuttgart
Dr.
Thomas
Schlick
Frankfurt
Norbert
Dressler
Stuttgart
Dr.
Wolfgang
Bernhart
Stuttgart
Georg von
Thaden
Munich
Frank
Pietras
Berlin
Ludwig
Fazel
Munich
Ron
Zheng
Shanghai
Didier
Tshidimba
Brussels
Sven
Siepen
Zurich
Andrea
Marinoni
Milan
Paolo
Massardi
Milan
Roland
Falb
Vienna
François
Castelein
Brussels
Max
Blanchet
Paris
Sebastien
Amichi
Paris
Eric
Kirstetter
Paris
Benny
Gutmann
Gothenburg
Rolf
Janssen
Hamburg
38. 38
Contacts
Source: Roland Berger
Automotive Competence Center
Georg von Thaden
Stefan Riederle
Senior Project Manager
Automotive Competence Center
Partner
Georg.vonThaden@rolandberger.com
Stefan.Riederle@rolandberger.com
Automotive Competence Center
Felix Mogge
Felix.Mogge@rolandberger.com
Partner