The document discusses the classification of rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic types based on geological, physical, and chemical characteristics. It details properties such as formation, cooling processes, and examples of each rock type, along with their uses in construction and landscaping. Additionally, it outlines important qualities of stones, including strength, durability, and weathering resistance.

1. • TOPICS TO BE COVERED
• CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
• QUALITIES OF STONES
• USES
PRESENTATION BY
UTKARSH JAIN

2.  IT IS CLASSIFIED BASED ON
1. GEOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
2. PHYSICAL CLASSIFICATION
3. CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION

3. THESE ARE OF 3 TYPES
1. IGNEOUS ROCK
2. SEDIMENTRY ROCK
3. METAMORPHIC ROCK

4. • FORMED BY COOLING OF MAGMA
• ARE OF 3 TYPES
1.PLUTONIC ROCK.
• FORMATION: AT CONSIDERABLE DEPTH.
• COOLING : SLOW .
• STRUCTURE : COARSELY GRAINED
• EXAMPLE: GRANITE

5. 2. HYPABYSSAL ROCK.
• FORMATION:AT RELATIVELY SHALLOW DEPTH.
• COOLING :QUICK.
• STRUCTURE : FINELY GRAINED.
• EXAMPLE : DOLERITE.

6. 3.VOLCANIC ROCK.
• FORMATION: AT EARTH’S SURFACE.
• COOLING : VERY RAPID.
• STRUCTURE: VERY FINELY GRAINED.
• EXAMPLE : BASALT.

7. • FORMED BY PRODUCT OF WEATHERING OF PRE EXISTING
ROCK.
• EXAMPLE: SAND STONE, LIMESTONE

8. • FORMATION: BY CHANGE IN CHARACTERSTICS OF PRE EXISTING
ROCKS.
• METAMORPHISM:CHANGE IN CHARACTER DUE TO HEAT &PRESSURE OF
IGNEOUS AND SEDIMENTRY ROCKS.
• TYPES
1. THERMAL METAMORPHISM: HEAT IS PREDOMINANT
2. CATACLASTIC METAMORPHISM:METAMORPHISM BOUGHT BY DIRECT
PRESSURE.
3. DYNAMO THERMAL METAMORPHISM: BOUGHT BY HEAT WITH
COMBINATION OF STRESS.
4. PLUTONIC METAMORPHISM:BOUGHT BY UNIFORM PRESSURE HEAT
• EXAMPLE : QUARTZILE,MARBLE

9. • CLASSIFIED INTO 3 TYPES
1. STRATIFIED
2. UNSTRATIFIED
3. FOLIATED

10. • POSSESSES PLANES OF STRATIFICATION OR CLEAVAGE
• CAN BE EASILY SPLIT INTO OR ALONG PLANES.
• EXAMPLE : SEDIMENTRY ROCKS

11. • DO NOT POSSESES PLANE OF STRATIFICATION.
• STRUCTURE:CRYSTALLINE GRANULAR OR COMPACT
GRANULAR
• EXAMPLE :IGNEOUS ROCKS

12. • HAVE TENDENCY TO SPLIT UP.
• SPLITS ONLY IN DEFINITE DIRECTION.
• EXAMPLE: METAMORPHIC ROCK

13. • THESE ARE OF THREE TYPES
1. SILICEOUS ROCK.
2. CALCAREOUS ROCK.
3. AGRILLACEOUS ROCK.

14. • SILICA PREDOMINATES.
• ARE HARD & DURABLE.
• NOT AFFECTED BY WEATHERING.
• EXAMPLE :GRANITE , QUARTZILE.

15. • CALCIUM CARBONATE PREDOMINATES.
• DURABILITY:DEPENDS ON CONSTITUENTS PRESENT IN
SURROUNDING ATMOSPHERE.
• EXAMPLE:LIMESTONE,MARBLE

16. • CLAY PREDOMINATES.
• ARE DENSE AND COMPACTED OR MAY BE SOFT
• HARD AND DURABLE BUT BRITTLE.
• EXAMPLE:SLATES, LATERITES.

17. 1.APPEARANCE.
• HAVE FINE,COMPACT STRUCTURE.
• LIGHT COLOURED STONES PERFFERED.
2. STRUCTURE.
• HAVE UNIFORM TEXTURE
• SHOULD BE FREE FROM CAVITIES,CRACKS AND PATCHES.

18. 3.STRENGTH.
• SHOULD BE STRONG AND DURABLE.
• COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH B/W 60-200 NEWTON/METRE
SQUARE
4.WEIGHT.
• INDICATES POROSITY &DENSITY.
• FOR DAMS ETC: HEAVY STONES.
• FOR DOMES ETC: LIGHT STONES.

19. 5.HARDNESS.
• IMP FOR FLOORS,PAVEMENTS ETC
6.TOUGHNESS.
• MESURE OF IMPACT THAT CAN BE WITHSATND
7.SEASONING
8.WEATHERING
• RESISTANCE OF WEAR AND TEAR DUE TO NATURAL
AGENCIES :HIGH

20. 9.SPECIFIC GRAVITY
• MUST LIE B/W 2.3-2.5
10.WORKABLITY.

21. 1.STRUCTURES.
• FOR FOUNDATIONS ,WALLS ETC.
2.FACE WORKS.
• TO GIVE APPEARANCE TO STRUCTURES.
3.PAVING STONES.
• TO COVER FLOORS OF BUILDINGS.
4.BASIC MATERIAL.
• STONES ARE DISINTEGRATED FOR CEMENTS,MOOROMS
ETC.
5 MISCELLANEOUS.
• BALLAST FOR RAILWAYS ETC.
• INERT MATERIAL IN CONCRETE MIX