This document discusses different types of rocks and stones used in construction. It describes three classifications of rocks: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks; and discusses their formation. Examples are provided for each classification. The document also discusses classifications based on physical properties - stratified, unstratified and foliated rocks; and based on chemical composition - siliceous, argillaceous and calcareous rocks, providing examples for each type. Building stones such as marble, granite and sandstone that are used in construction are also mentioned.

1. BY
OM PRAKASH

2. A natural material of construction which is
obtained from rocks by suitable method is
called a stone.

3. The stone which is used for construction of
engineering structures is known as
building stone .

4. Marble, granite and sandstone are used
for facing work of buildings.
Limestone and sandstone are used for
general building works.
 Fine-grained granite, marble, and
soft sandstone are used for Carvings and
ornamental works.
 Compact limestone and sandstone are
used for Fire-resistant masonry

5. An aggregate of minerals which form the
earth’s crust is known as rock.

7. It is based on the mode of formation of
rocks is known as geological classification.
a) igneous rock
b) sedimentary rock
c) metamorphic rock

8. Igneous rock is formed directly by
solidification of molten material,either
inside or on the surface of earth are called
Igneous rock.
It is also called primary rocks.
Example :-granite , basalt ,trap , etc.

9. The rocks formed by the consolidation of
particles of the pre-existing rocks under
the particles of the weathering agencies
such as wind ,running water ,glaciers etc
as know as sedimentary rocks.
Its is also called secondary rocks .
Example :- sand stone ,lime stones etc.

10. The rocks formed from the pre-existing
rocks within the earth crust under the
influence of variation in temperature or
both are called metamorphic rocks.
example :- marble ,slate ,gneiss etc.

11. It is based on the pysical properties i.e
structure of rocks .
a) un-stratified rocks
b) stratified rocks
c)foliated rocks

12. The rocks which do not show destine signs
of layers and cannot ne easily splinted up
into layers are called un-stratified rocks.
Example:-granite , basalt ,trap etc.

13. The rocks which show distinct sign of
layers and can be easily splitted up into
layer are called stratified rocks.
Examples :- sand ,lime stone etc.

14. The rocks which can be splitted up into
thin sheets are known as foliated rocks.
Example :- slate schist etc.

15. It is based on the chemical composition of
rocks.
a) siliceous rock.
b) argillaceous rock.
c) calcareous rock.

16. The rocks having silica (SiO2) or sand as
their major constituent are called siliceous
rock.
Example :- sand stone ,granite etc.

17. The rocks having alumina (Al2O3)or clay
as their major constituent are called
argillaceous rock.
 it is hard like slate or soft like mudstone.

18. The rocks having calcium carbonate
(CaCo3)or lime as their major constituent
are called Calcareous rocks.
Example :- lime stone ,marble ,kankar
etc.