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THIS PPT COVERS ABOUT GLASS FUNCTIONAL INGREDIENTS WHICH INCLUDES SILICA ,LIME ,SODA ,POTASHAND LEAD OXIDE AND ITS CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION INCLUDES SODA LIME GLASS ,BORO SLICATE GLASS AND LEAD GLASS IN BREIF
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Wind erosion control
THIS PPT COVER ABOUT WIND EROSION CONTROLS AND ITS DIFFERENT METHODS
DIFFERENT METHODS ARE :
1.VEGETATIVE MESURES
2 TILLAGE PRACTICES.
3. MECHANICAL MESURES
A. WIND BREAKS
B. SHELTER BELTS
Wind erosion
THIS PPT COVERS ABOUT WIND EROSION
TOPICS COVERED ARE :DEFINITION OF WIND EROSION
FACTORS AFFECTING WIND EROSION AND MECHANICS OF WIND EROSION
Terraces and their design
THIS PPT COVERS ABOUT TERRACE AND ITS TYPES
TOPICS COVERED ARE TERRACE TYPES;BROAD BASE, BENCH TERRACE
BENCH TERRACE DESIGN AND TYPES ARE ALSO COVERED IN PPT
Osmotic dehydration
Osmotic dehydration is a process that removes water from a food product through a semipermeable membrane into a concentrated solution. It uses a concentrated gradient to drive water removal from the lower concentration product to the higher concentration solution. This partial water removal reduces the load on dryers and enhances the storage life and quality of products by preventing enzymatic and oxidative browning through a mild treatment. Factors like the type and maturity of the product, concentration and temperature of the solution, and duration of the process affect osmotic dehydration.
Bunds and their design
Bunds are embankment structures constructed across land slopes to obstruct surface runoff. There are two main types: contour bunds and graded bunds. Contour bunds have no longitudinal slope and are suitable for areas with annual rainfall under 600 mm and permeable soils with slopes less than 6%. Graded bunds have a slope to safely dispose of excess runoff and are recommended for high rainfall regions and impermeable soils. The design of bunds considers factors like rainfall, soil type, slope, spacing between bunds, size, length, and area lost due to construction.
Soil erodibility
THIS PPT COVERS ABOUT SOIL ERODIBILITY.
ALSO COVERS ABOUT DETERMINATION OF ERODIBILITY .IN THIS IT COVERS ABOUT MAJOR 3 METHODS
THEY ARE
1. IN SITU PLOTS
2 MESURING K UNDER A SIMULATED RAINFALL
AND 3 PREDICTING K
Erosivity of rainfall
THIS PPT COVERS ABOUT EROSIVITY OF RAINFALL ,FACTORS AFFECTING EROSIVITY AND ESTIMATION OF EROSIVITY WHICH IS DONE BY 2 METHODS 1EI METHOD AND KE>25 METHOD.
Temperature and microbial growth
THIS POWERPOINT COVERS ABOUTMINIMUM GROWTH TEMPERATURE,MAXIMUM GROWTH TEMPERATURE, PSYCHROPHILES MESOPHILES THERMOPHILES AND HYPERTHERMOPHILES.FINALLY IT HAS A DIAGRAM SHOWING DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE RANGES OF MICROORGANISMS
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Wind erosion control
THIS PPT COVER ABOUT WIND EROSION CONTROLS AND ITS DIFFERENT METHODS
DIFFERENT METHODS ARE :
1.VEGETATIVE MESURES
2 TILLAGE PRACTICES.
3. MECHANICAL MESURES
A. WIND BREAKS
B. SHELTER BELTS
Wind erosion
THIS PPT COVERS ABOUT WIND EROSION
TOPICS COVERED ARE :DEFINITION OF WIND EROSION
FACTORS AFFECTING WIND EROSION AND MECHANICS OF WIND EROSION
Terraces and their design
THIS PPT COVERS ABOUT TERRACE AND ITS TYPES
TOPICS COVERED ARE TERRACE TYPES;BROAD BASE, BENCH TERRACE
BENCH TERRACE DESIGN AND TYPES ARE ALSO COVERED IN PPT
Osmotic dehydration
Osmotic dehydration is a process that removes water from a food product through a semipermeable membrane into a concentrated solution. It uses a concentrated gradient to drive water removal from the lower concentration product to the higher concentration solution. This partial water removal reduces the load on dryers and enhances the storage life and quality of products by preventing enzymatic and oxidative browning through a mild treatment. Factors like the type and maturity of the product, concentration and temperature of the solution, and duration of the process affect osmotic dehydration.
Bunds and their design
Bunds are embankment structures constructed across land slopes to obstruct surface runoff. There are two main types: contour bunds and graded bunds. Contour bunds have no longitudinal slope and are suitable for areas with annual rainfall under 600 mm and permeable soils with slopes less than 6%. Graded bunds have a slope to safely dispose of excess runoff and are recommended for high rainfall regions and impermeable soils. The design of bunds considers factors like rainfall, soil type, slope, spacing between bunds, size, length, and area lost due to construction.
Soil erodibility
THIS PPT COVERS ABOUT SOIL ERODIBILITY.
ALSO COVERS ABOUT DETERMINATION OF ERODIBILITY .IN THIS IT COVERS ABOUT MAJOR 3 METHODS
THEY ARE
1. IN SITU PLOTS
2 MESURING K UNDER A SIMULATED RAINFALL
AND 3 PREDICTING K
Erosivity of rainfall
THIS PPT COVERS ABOUT EROSIVITY OF RAINFALL ,FACTORS AFFECTING EROSIVITY AND ESTIMATION OF EROSIVITY WHICH IS DONE BY 2 METHODS 1EI METHOD AND KE>25 METHOD.
Temperature and microbial growth
THIS POWERPOINT COVERS ABOUTMINIMUM GROWTH TEMPERATURE,MAXIMUM GROWTH TEMPERATURE, PSYCHROPHILES MESOPHILES THERMOPHILES AND HYPERTHERMOPHILES.FINALLY IT HAS A DIAGRAM SHOWING DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE RANGES OF MICROORGANISMS
Soil loss estimation
THIS PPT COVERS ABOUT UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION ITS USES AND LIMITATIONS AND MODIFIED UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION.
Tiles
THIS PPT COVERS ABOUT TILES,ITS TYPES AND ITS PROPERTIES.
ROOFING TILES: PLAIN TILES,PAN TILES,POT TILES , ALLAHABAD TILES, MANGALORE TILES , CONCRETE ROOFING TILES .
FLOORING TILES AND DRAIN TILES.
Freezing
THIS PPT COVERS ABOUT FREEZING,FREEZING PROCESS OF FOODS,ADVANTAGES OF FREEZING,SLOW AND FAST FREEZING,AND TYPES OF FREEZERS:AIR BLAST FREEZERS,CRYOGENIC FREEZER AND PLATE FREEZER
Bricks
COVERS ABOUT
BRICKS,COMPARISION B/W BRICKS AND STONES,SIZE,WEIGHT AND COLOUR OF BRICKS,COMPOSITION OF BRICKS,HARMFUL INGREDIENTS FOR BRICKS,MANUFACTURING OF BRICKS:PREPARATION OF CLAY,MOULDING,DRYING,BURNING OF BRICKS,CLASSIFICATION OF BRICKS:UNBURNT AND BURNT
BURNT BRICK CLASSIFICATION:FIRST CLASS, SECOND CLASS, THIRD CLASS ,FOURTH CLASS BRICKS
TEST ON BRICKS.
Blanching
COVERS ABOUT:
BLANCHING,FACTORS AFFECTING BLANCHING TIME,OBJECTIVES OF BLANCHING, METHODS OF BLANCHING, EQUIPMENT OF BLANCHING, STEAM BLANCHER, HOT WATER BLANCHER,ITS MAIN DESIGNS,REEL BLANCHER,PIPE BLANCHER,INDIVIDUAL QUICK BLANCHING,EFFECTS ON FOOD BY BLANCHING.
Peeling
PEELING AND ITS TYPES ARE BEEN COVERED IN THIS TOPIC
IT COVERS ABOUT :
PEELING BY HAND,MECHANICAL PEELING,ABRASIVE PEELING,FLAME PEELING,HOT WATER PEELING,FLASH STEAM PEELING,LYE PEELING
Rocks and stones
CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS:
GEOLOGICAL:IGNEOUS,SEDIMENTRY,METAMORPHIC ROCKS
PHYSICAL:STRATIFIED,UNSTRATIFIED,FOLIATED.
CHEMICAL:SILICEOUS,CALCAREOUS,AGRILLACEOUS ROCKS.
CHARACTERSTICS OF STONES AND USES OF STONES
Agronomic mesures
This document discusses different agronomic measures for controlling water erosion, including contour cropping, strip cropping, and mulching. Contour cropping involves planting crops across slopes to protect topsoil and induce more infiltration, and is suitable for slopes between 2-10%. Strip cropping grows crops in narrow strips across land slopes to check surface runoff and force infiltration. Mulching covers soil with plant residues or plastic sheets to minimize rain splash, reduce evaporation, control weeds, and prevent sheet and rill erosion. Different types of mulching include synthetic, petroleum, conventional, stone, and organic mulching.
Water erosion
Water erosion is caused by liquid flowing water and solid glaciers. It occurs through hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution, and transportation of detached soil particles. The main forms of water erosion are splash erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion, gully erosion, and stream bank erosion. Gullies can be classified based on size, shape, and the development of branches. Gully development occurs in stages from formation to stabilization as water flow scours the soil channel over time.
Soil erosion
This document discusses soil and water conservation engineering. It notes that soil erosion is a major problem in India, with over 175 million hectares of land critically degraded or severely eroded. Proper soil conservation is important for maintaining agricultural productivity. The document then discusses the causes and types of soil erosion, including water erosion, wind erosion, glacial erosion, and gravitational erosion. It also outlines factors that affect the rate of soil erosion, such as climate, topography, soil properties, vegetation cover, and human practices like deforestation and overgrazing. The overall goal of soil conservation is to control soil erosion and maintain soil productivity for agriculture.
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THIS PPT COVERS ABOUT TILES,ITS TYPES AND ITS PROPERTIES.
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PHYSICAL:STRATIFIED,UNSTRATIFIED,FOLIATED.
CHEMICAL:SILICEOUS,CALCAREOUS,AGRILLACEOUS ROCKS.
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This document discusses different agronomic measures for controlling water erosion, including contour cropping, strip cropping, and mulching. Contour cropping involves planting crops across slopes to protect topsoil and induce more infiltration, and is suitable for slopes between 2-10%. Strip cropping grows crops in narrow strips across land slopes to check surface runoff and force infiltration. Mulching covers soil with plant residues or plastic sheets to minimize rain splash, reduce evaporation, control weeds, and prevent sheet and rill erosion. Different types of mulching include synthetic, petroleum, conventional, stone, and organic mulching.
Water erosion
Water erosion is caused by liquid flowing water and solid glaciers. It occurs through hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution, and transportation of detached soil particles. The main forms of water erosion are splash erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion, gully erosion, and stream bank erosion. Gullies can be classified based on size, shape, and the development of branches. Gully development occurs in stages from formation to stabilization as water flow scours the soil channel over time.
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