The document provides information about robots, including definitions, history, and key aspects. It defines a robot as a re-programmable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move materials through programmed motions. The term originated from a 1921 play and was later used by Isaac Asimov in 1941 to refer to machines that assist humans. Key robot aspects discussed include motors, sensors, mobility, programmability, and flexibility. Examples of present and future robots are also mentioned.

1. Where AI
Robotics
meets the
real world.

2. What is a Robot ?
 “A re-programmable,
multifunctional manipulator
designed to move
material, parts, tools, or
specialized devices through
various programmed
motions for the performance of a
variety of tasks.”

3. History
 The term robot originates from the Czech word robota,
meaning “compulsory labor.” It was first used in the
1921 play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) by the
Czech novelist and playwright Karel Capek. The word
robot has been used since to refer to a machine that
performs work to assist people or work that humans
find difficult or undesirable.”
 In 1956, George Devil and Joseph Engelberger
formed the world's first robot company, but writers
have been dreaming about robots long before that.

4.  First century A.D. and even earlier
 Descriptions of more than 100 machines and
automata, including a fire engine, a wind organ,
a coin-operated machine, and a steam-
powered engine, in Pneumatica and Automata
by
 Heron of AlexandriaCtesibius of Alexandria,
Philo of Byzantium, Heron of Alexandria, and
others
 1st real known example was in 1206. First
programmable humanoid automatons Boat with
four robotic musicians made by Al-Jazari .

5.  According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word
robotics was first used in print by Isaac Asimov, in his
science fiction short story "Liar!", published in May
1941 in Astounding Science Fiction. Asimov was
unaware that he was coining the term; since the
science and technology of electrical devices is
electronics, he assumed robotics already referred to
the science and technology of robots. However, in
some of Asimov's other works, he states that the first
use of the word robotics was in his short story
Runaround

6. Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics
 First Law A robot may not injure a human
being, or, through inaction, allow a human being
to come to harm.
 Second Law A robot must obey orders given it
by human beings, except where such orders
would conflict with the First Law.
 Third Law A robot must protect its own
existence as long as such protection does not
conflict with the First or Second Law.

7. ESSENTIAL
characteristics

8. That Consists OF :-
 CHARACTERISTICS
 CONSTRUCTION
 WORKING PRINCIPAL
 DEVICES USED
 LANGUAGESES

9. Construction & Working of the Robot
 Mechanical platforms- the hardware base Sensors
 Motors
 Driving mechanisms
 Power supplies
 Electronic Controls
 Microcontroller systems (speed , size , memory)
 Languages
 R/C Servos
 Pneumatics
 Driving High-Current Loads from
 Logic
 Controllers

10. Microcontroller systems
 Speed Languages
 Size
 Memory •RoboML
(Robotic Markup Language)
•ROSSUM
•XRCL
(Extensible Robot Control Language)

11.  Mobility: It possesses some form of mobility.
 Programmability: implying computational or symbol-
manipulative capabilities that a designer can combine
as desired (a robot is a computer). It can be
programmed to accomplish a large variety of tasks.
After being programmed, it operates automatically.
 Sensors: on or around the device that are able to
sense the environment and give useful feedback to
the device

12.  Mechanical capability: enabling it to act on its
environment rather than merely function as a data
processing or computational device (a robot is a
machine); and
 Flexibility: it can operate using a range of programs
and manipulates and transport materials in a variety of
ways.

13.  Motors: The vast majority of robots use electric
motors, including brushed and brushless DC motors.
 Stepper motors: As the name suggests,
stepper motors do not spin freely like DC motors;
they rotate in discrete steps, under the command of
a controller. This makes them easier to control, as
the controller knows exactly how far they should
have rotated, without having to use a sensor. The
controller can't tell if the motor has stalled and the
shaft didn't turn. They are used on many robots and
CNC machines, as their main advantage over DC
motors, is that you can specify how much to turn, for
more precise control, rather than a "spin and see
where it went" approach.

14.  Piezo motors: A recent alternative to DC motors are
piezo motors or ultrasonic motors.
 Air muscles: The air muscle is a simple yet powerful
device for providing a pulling force. When inflated
with compressed air, it contracts by up to 40% of its
original length. The key to its behavior is the braiding
visible around the outside, which forces the muscle
to be either long and thin, or short and fat (almost
like a Chinese finger trap). Since it behaves in a very
similar way to a biological muscle, it can be used to
construct robots with a similar muscle/skeleton
system to an animal. For example, the Shadow robot
hand uses 40 air muscles to power its 24 joints.

15. Sensors
Sensors are the parts that act like senses
and can detect objects or things like heat
and light and convert the object
information into symbols or in analog or
digital form so that computers
understand. And then Robots react
according to information provided by the
sensory system
Vision Sensor
Proximity Sensors
Proprioceptive Sensors
Logical Sensors

16. POWER SOURCE
 At present; mostly (lead-acid) batteries are used, but
potential power sources could be:
 pneumatic (compressed gases)
 hydraulics (compressed liquids)
 organic garbages (through anaerobic digestion)
 feces (human, animal); may be interesting in a
military context as feces of small combat groups may
be reused for the energy requirements of the robot
assistant (see DEKA's project Slingshot stirling
engine on how the system would operate)

17.  Touch
 Current robotic and prosthetic hands receive far less
tactile information than the human hand. Recent
research has developed a tactile sensor array that
mimics the mechanical properties and touch receptors
of human finger tips. The sensor array is constructed
as a rigid core surrounded by conductive fluid
contained by an elastomeric skin. Electrodes are
mounted on the surface of the rigid core and are
connected to an impedance-measuring device within
the core. When the artificial skin touches an object the
fluid path around the electrodes is deformed,
producing impedance changes that map the forces
received from the object.

18. Other devices
Motors
Driving mechanisms
Power supplies
Driving High-Current Loads from
Logic

19. Usb cable Usb Programer

20. Stepper motor encoder dc motor

21. Dc motors dc motors
with Gear Box

22. Rechargeable Battery IC’S

23. Bipedal Walking Robot

25. A robot system architecture

26. Artificial Intelligence
 What is artificial intelligence?
It is the science and engineering of
making intelligent machines,
especially intelligent computer
programs
 Can a machine think?

27. Present Robots
Wakamaru
The Wakamaru is the first human-
size robot that can provide
companionship, or function as a
caretaker and house sitter. The
Wakamaru was created in Japan,
and will be for sale there for about
one million yen ($14,250). The
Wakamaru moves around on
wheels, is 3.3 feet tall, weighs 60
pounds, and recharges itself when
batteries run low.

30.  From Honda Motor Co.comes a new small, lightweight
humanoid robot named ASIMO that is able to walk in a
manner which closely resembles that of a human
being.
 ASIMO Special Features:
Smaller and Lightweight
More Advanced Walking Technology
Simple Operation
Expanded Range of Arm Movement
People-Friendly Design

31.  Specifications
Weight: 43kg
Height: 1,200mm
Depth: 440mm Width 450mm
Walking Speed: 0 - 1.6km/h
Operating Degrees of Freedom*
Head: 2 degrees of freedom
Arm: 5 x 2 = 10 degrees of freedom
Hand: 1 x 2 = 2 degrees of freedom
Leg: 6 x 2 = 12 degrees of freedom
TOTAL: 26 degrees of freedom
Actuators: Servomotor + Harmonic Decelerator + Drive
ECU
Controller: Walking/Operation Control ECU, Wireless
Transmission ECU Sensors - Foot: 6-axis sensor
Torso: Gyroscope & Deceleration Sensor
Power Source: 38.4V/10AH (Ni-MN)
Operation: Work Station & Portable Controller

33. ROBOSAPIEN

34.  The Robosapien is the first affordable intelligent
entertainment humanoid of its kind. Developed by
robotics physicist Dr. Mark W. Tilden, Robosapien is
the first robot based on the science of applied
biomorphic robotics, enabling him to act more like a
human. Tilden, who developed applied biomorphic
robotics, has worked for NASA and other government
research agencies developing advanced robotic
technologies.

35. SCIENTIFIC ROBOTS
 NASA's mission to Mars,
the Mars Science
Laboratory, will be landing
with an extremely unusual
landing system -- a
skycrane invented by the
mission team specifically
to land a large rover in
scientifically exciting
locations on Mars.
 This is the K-10 rover.

36. Future
 Artificial neural networks
 Robots which train themselves
Nothing can be predicted about future.

37. Pros and Cons
 Robots can either help or take away human jobs .

38. Future In Robotics
 Education and training
 The SCORBOT-ER 4u - educational robot.

39.  INDIA
 In India a post-graduate degree in Mechatronics is
offered at Madras Institute of Technology, Chennai.
Mechatronics at bachelor level is offered at SASTRA
university, Thanjur and kongu college of engineering,
Erode.
 UK
 In the UK, Robotics degrees are offered by a number
of institutions including the Heriot-Watt University,
University of Essex, the University of Liverpool,
University of Reading, Sheffield Hallam University,
Staffordshire University, University of Sussex,
Robert Gordon University, and the
University of Wales, Newport.

40.  In the United States, only
Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) offers a
Bachelor of Science in Robotics Engineering.
Universities that have graduate degrees focused on
robotics include Carnegie Mellon University, MIT,
UPENN, UCLA, WPI, and SDSM&T.
 In Australia, there are Bachelor of Engineering
degrees at the universities belonging to the Centre
for Autonomous Systems (CAS):
University of Sydney, University of New South Wales
, and the University of Technology, Sydney. Other
universities include Deakin University,
Flinders University,
Swinburne University of Technology,
University of Western Australia

41. SOME MORE UNIVERSITY
 MEXICO
 IRAN
 JAPAN
 CHINA

42.  Robots recently became a popular tool in raising
interests in computing for middle and high school
students. First year computer science courses at
several universities were developed which involves
the programming of a robot instead of the traditional
software engineering based coursework. Examples
include Course 6 at MIT and the
Institute for Personal Robots in Education at the
Georgia Institute of Technology with
Bryn Mawr College.
 Some specialised robotics jobs require new skills,
such as those of robot installer and robot integrator.
While universities have long included robotics
research in their curricular offerings and tech schools
have taught industrial robotic arm control,

43. EMPLOYEMENT IN
ROBOTICS
 MAR is a leading automation and robotics solutions
provider driven by a commitment to superior client
servicing and quality values. At MAR we know that our
dynamic team of talented individuals is the key to our
success.
 Working closely with global technology partners on
large-scale production-critical projects makes MAR a
challenging and rewarding place to be. We are
seeking passionate, motivated service professionals
to join our team. At the cutting edge of automation and
robotic technology MAR could be the opportunity you
are looking for.

44. TYPES OF JOBS
 Urology - Physician
 Obstetrics & Gynecology - Physician
 Robot Programmer
 Senior Robot Design Engineer
 Delta Physician Placement
 Senior Robot Design engineer
 Coastal Virginia Urology
 Senior Robot Design Engineer
 Paint Robot Technician

45. Acknowledgement Thanks to all of
my respected
teachers for
allowing us to
represent an
article on
Robotics. I thank
the Faculty of our
college for
providing access
to pc to show this
slide. Thanks to
my parents for
providing me a
‘Personal
Computer’.

46. Thank You
-Dhaval Shah