Term "Abstract Expressionism" was first used in Germany in connection with Rusian artist Wassily Kandinsky in 1919 (referencing the German Expressionists with their anti-figurative aesthetic), but later became more commonly associated with Post-WWII American Art.
Nature, and especially Light, is a theme throughout 20th Century American Art, even when artists focused on the city, or worked non-representationally. Figurative art merges with abstraction, until there are two distinct trends. But the trends come together repeatedly.
Term "Abstract Expressionism" was first used in Germany in connection with Rusian artist Wassily Kandinsky in 1919 (referencing the German Expressionists with their anti-figurative aesthetic), but later became more commonly associated with Post-WWII American Art.
Nature, and especially Light, is a theme throughout 20th Century American Art, even when artists focused on the city, or worked non-representationally. Figurative art merges with abstraction, until there are two distinct trends. But the trends come together repeatedly.
Similar to abstractexpressionismpopartopart-161017132548.pdf (20)
Levelwise PageRank with Loop-Based Dead End Handling Strategy : SHORT REPORT ...Subhajit Sahu
Abstract — Levelwise PageRank is an alternative method of PageRank computation which decomposes the input graph into a directed acyclic block-graph of strongly connected components, and processes them in topological order, one level at a time. This enables calculation for ranks in a distributed fashion without per-iteration communication, unlike the standard method where all vertices are processed in each iteration. It however comes with a precondition of the absence of dead ends in the input graph. Here, the native non-distributed performance of Levelwise PageRank was compared against Monolithic PageRank on a CPU as well as a GPU. To ensure a fair comparison, Monolithic PageRank was also performed on a graph where vertices were split by components. Results indicate that Levelwise PageRank is about as fast as Monolithic PageRank on the CPU, but quite a bit slower on the GPU. Slowdown on the GPU is likely caused by a large submission of small workloads, and expected to be non-issue when the computation is performed on massive graphs.
Opendatabay - Open Data Marketplace.pptxOpendatabay
Opendatabay.com unlocks the power of data for everyone. Open Data Marketplace fosters a collaborative hub for data enthusiasts to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets.
First ever open hub for data enthusiasts to collaborate and innovate. A platform to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets. Through robust quality control and innovative technologies like blockchain verification, opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of datasets, empowering users to make data-driven decisions with confidence. Leverage cutting-edge AI technologies to enhance the data exploration, analysis, and discovery experience.
From intelligent search and recommendations to automated data productisation and quotation, Opendatabay AI-driven features streamline the data workflow. Finding the data you need shouldn't be a complex. Opendatabay simplifies the data acquisition process with an intuitive interface and robust search tools. Effortlessly explore, discover, and access the data you need, allowing you to focus on extracting valuable insights. Opendatabay breaks new ground with a dedicated, AI-generated, synthetic datasets.
Leverage these privacy-preserving datasets for training and testing AI models without compromising sensitive information. Opendatabay prioritizes transparency by providing detailed metadata, provenance information, and usage guidelines for each dataset, ensuring users have a comprehensive understanding of the data they're working with. By leveraging a powerful combination of distributed ledger technology and rigorous third-party audits Opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of every dataset. Security is at the core of Opendatabay. Marketplace implements stringent security measures, including encryption, access controls, and regular vulnerability assessments, to safeguard your data and protect your privacy.
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
2. World events in the mid-20th century immensely
influenced the course of human life and, with it, the
course of art history. World War I (1913-1914) and
World War II (1941-1945), in particular, shifted the
political, economic, and cultural world stage away from
Europe and on the “New World” continent, America.
3. The New York School
In the 1920s and 1930s, aspiring young American
painters, sculptors, and writers sailed to Europe to
expand their horizons. But during the dark days of
World War II, a reverse migration brought European
scientists, architects, and artists to American shores.
New York, in particular, became a haven for the
arrived artists and their American counterparts.
4. The result was the establishment of what came to be known as
“The New York School”—as opposed to “The School of Paris”
that had been very influential in Europe. The daring young
artists in this movement succeeded in creating their own
synthesis of Europe’s cubist and surrealist styles. Their style
came to be known as abstract expressionism.
5. Pollock worked on huge canvases spread
on the floor, splattering, squirting, and
dribbling paint with (seemingly) no pre-planned
pattern or design in mind. The total effect is
one of vitality, creativity, “energy made visible.”
Pollock’s first one-man show in New York in
1943 focused worldwide attention on abstract
expressionism for the first time.
One form of abstract expressionism was seen in the works of
Jackson Pollock. These were created through what came to be known as
“action painting.”
7. In contrast to the vigorous gestures of the action
painters, another group of artists who came to be
known as “color field painters” used different color
saturations (purity, vividness, intensity) to create their
desired effects. Some of their works were huge fields of
vibrant color—as in the paintings of Mark Rothko and
Barnett Newman.
8. Magenta, Black, Green on Orange
Mark Rothko, 1949
Oil on canvas
Vir Heroicus Sublimis
Barnett Newman, 1950 - 1951
Oil on canvas
9. Others took the more intimate “pictograph” approach, filling the
canvas with repeating picture fragments or symbols - as in the work of
Adolph Gottlieb and Lee Krasner.
Forgotten Dream
Adolph Gottlieb, 1946
Oil on canvas
Abstract No. 2
Lee Krasner, 1948
Oil on canvas
10. By the early 1960s, the momentum of The New York
School slowed down. In its place, a new crop of artists came on
the scene using lighter treatment and flashes of humor, even
irreverence, in their artworks.
The movements they brought about have come to be
called:
• neodadaism and pop art
• conceptual art
• op art
• the new realism
11. Like the dadaist movement that arose after World
War I, the neodadaism of the 1960s wanted to make
reforms in traditional values. It also made use of
commonplace, trivial, even nonsensical objects. But
unlike the angry, serious tone of the original dadaists,
the neodadaists seemed to enjoy nonsense for its own
sake and simply wanted to laugh at the world.
12. Their works ranged from paintings, to posters, to
collages, to three-dimensional “assemblages” and
installations. These made use of easily recognizable
objects and images from the emerging consumer
society—as in the prints of Andy Warhol. Their
inspirations were the celebrities, advertisements,
billboards, and comic strips that were becoming a
common place at that time. Hence the term pop (from
“popular”) art emerged.
13. Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997) was an American pop artist. During the
1960s, along with Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, and James Rosenquist among
others, he became a leading figure in this new art movement.
Twelve Cars
Andy Warhol, 1982
Art print
Marilyn Monroe
Andy Warhol, 1967
Silkscreen print
15. As the term implies, conceptual art was that
which arose in the mind of the artist, took concrete
form for a time, and then disappeared (unless it was
captured in photo or film documentation).
Conceptualists questioned the idea of art as objects
to be bought and sold. Instead, theybrought their
artistic ideas to life temporarily, using such unusual
materials as grease, blocks of ice, food, even just
plain dirt.
16. A key difference between a conceptual artwork and a
traditional painting or sculpture is that the
conceptualist’s work often requires little or no
physical craftsmanship. Much of the artist’s time and
effort goes into the concept or idea behind the work,
with the actual execution then being relatively quick
and simple. An example is this conceptual art piece
by Kosuth.
17. One and Three Chairs
Joseph Kosuth, 1965
An actual chair (center), with a photograph of the same chair and
enlarged copy of dictionary definition of a chair.
18. Another movement that
emerged in the 1960s was optical
art or “op art.” This was yet another
experiment in visual experience—a
form of “action painting,” with the
action taking in the viewer’s eye. In
op art, lines, spaces, and colors
were precisely planned and
positioned to give the illusion of
movement.
Current
Bridget Riley, 1964
Synthetic polymer paint on composition board
19. As the eye moved over different
segments of the image, perfectly
stable components appeared to
shift back and forth, sometimes
faster, sometimes slower as the
brain responded to the optical
data. Viewers experienced
sensations varying from
discomfort to disorientation to
giddiness.
Current
Bridget Riley, 1964
Synthetic polymer paint on composition board
20. As the eye moved over different
segments of the image, perfectly stable
components appeared to shift back and
forth, sometimes faster, sometimes
slower as the brain responded to the
optical data. Viewers experienced
sensations varying from discomfort to
disorientation to giddiness.
Current
Bridget Riley, 1964
Synthetic polymer paint on composition board