Road safety is important in India because road accidents are one of the leading causes of death. With more vehicles on roads, everyone must follow traffic rules and be aware of safety. Various signs and devices help control traffic and guide drivers, but accidents still occur frequently due to issues with drivers, vehicles, and road conditions. Defensive driving techniques can help save lives by driving carefully despite risks created by others and the environment.

2. Why Road Safety Important
 Road safety is of prime
importance as road accidents
are among the biggest causes
of deaths in the country.
With the number of vehicles on
our roads increasing with every
passing hour, it's of vital
importance for everyone to
have traffic awareness and
understand and respect all the
road safety rules in India

3. TRAFFIC SIGNALS
Stop
Ready
Go

4. Road Safety Signs
Mandatory Signs Cautionary Informatory

5. Mandatory Sign

6. Warning Sign

7. Information Sign

8. Traffic Control Devices
 Road Signs
 Delineators
 Barricades
 Cones
 Flashing lights
 Reflectors etc.

9. Delineators
 Delineators shall
 Include Guideposts, Safety Cones, Drums, etc.
 Delineate and guide the driver to and along a safe
path
 Move traffic from one lane to another
 Be used in or adjacent to the roadway to control
the flow of traffic.
 Not be regarded as a substitute for warning signs
or barriers for out-of-control vehicles.

10. DIVERSION

11. SOME CAUTION SIGNS ASPER THE INDIAN ROADCONGRESS
SPECIFICATIONS BEING FOLLOWED

12. NARROW ROAD AHEAD

13. Barricades

14. PARABOLIC CRASH BARRIERS

15. Reflectors

16. NIGHT VIEW

17. NIGHT VIEW

18. DIVERSION SIGNS AT THE SIDES OF BARRICATION
CLAMPING SYSTEM AT TOP AND BOTTOM

20. CONES
ELECTRONIC SIGNAL
LIGHT BATONS
BARRICADE WITH
REFLECTORS

21. CONES BARRICADE WITH REFLECTORS
ELECTRONIC SIGNAL
LIGHT BATONS

23. TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS:
• Every 8th minute, there is 01 road casualty in India.
• There are 11 accidents for every 1000 vehicles.
• Every year out of 01 lacs unnatural deaths in India,
nearly 68000 (more than 34%) are due to road
accidents.
• Mostly males, who are earning members in the
family, die.

24. SPOTS OF ACCIDENTS:
Narrow Roads 385 15.26
%
Turns 414 16.38
%
Slopes & climbs 296 11.71%
Straight Roads 1431 56.65
%

25. ACCIDENT BLACK SPOTS:
• Uncontrolled junction
• Bus stop
• Gaps within Road Dividers
• On street Parking places
• Building access (while
reversing)
• Road Bend
• National Highway

26. Defensive
Driving
Vehicle
Light
Factors involved for causing road
accidents

27. DRIVER
• Inadequate training
• Easily obtained License
• Lack of knowledge of rules &
regulations
• Long working hours fatigue
• Health fitness is poor

28. DRIVER
• Drinking habits
• Emotional stress
• Over confidence in driving
• Seeing Ability:
-Colour blindness
-40% elderly drivers can not see road signs
at night.
-10 to 30 times more illumination level is
required to see at night.

29. DRIVER
• Physical stress
• Illumination
• Knowledge and skill
• Attitude

30. Defensive Driving: ?
It is the driving to save lives, time & money in-
spite of the conditions around you and the actions
of others.
Conditions: Roads, weather, traffic, light etc.
Actions of others: Violations, discourtesy, lack of
knowledge of other Drivers etc.
DEFENSIVE DRIVING

31. Factors affecting driving skills
• Fatigue (overworking hours)
Stop when you feel tired/ sleepy, take rest, tea
& arrange other driver to drive.
• Medicine (calmpose, avil, benadryl)
• Disturb mind
• Distraction (pet, children at back seat, loud
music, etc.)
• Drunken driving
DEFENSIVE DRIVING

32. ALCOHOL & DRIVING
Effects of alcohol;
• Promotes risk taking
• Lower reflexes
• Vision and hearing capacity diminishes
• Reaction time increases
• No control over controlling devices

33. ALCOHOL & DRIVING
Driving errors:
• Fast & slow
• Wrong lane
• Running over the footpath
• Not signaling
• Quick & jerky start
• Changing lanes frequently

34. EMERGENCIES
• Bursting of tyres
• Accelerator sticks
• Skidding
• Brake failure
• Bonnet flies up
• Vehicle stalls
• Running off the road
• Fire

35. BREAKDOWN
• Inform supervisor
• Switch on warning lights
• Keep vehicle away from movement of traffic
• Display warning triangle
• Apply hand brake
• Convoy supervisor will inform to the control room
• Control room will inform emergency breakdown
control point.

36. MECHANICAL FAILURE
• Brake failure
What to do?
• Tyre burst
What to do?
• Sudden loss of acceleration
What to do?
Disconnect the battery.
what to do?

37. COLLISION
• Electrical poles/ walls etc.
• Many while reversing

39. OVERTAKING
• Most accidents happen while overtaking/ being
overtaken.
• You may have head on collision & a side sweep or run
off the road.
• On a marked NO OVERTAKING ZONE.
• On curves
• On hills
• 100 meters before & at railway crossing or cross
roads.
• A vehicle, slowing down to give way to pedestrians
DO NOT OVERTAKE

40. Avoid following too closely
• Reaction time: 3/4th of a second
• Gap between the vehicles: keep one
vehicle distance for every 10 kmph
speed.

41. DAILY INSPECTIONS:
• Leakage of Oil, hydraulic oil & fuel
• Oil, hydraulic oils & water levels
• Lights & indicators
• Horn
• Reverse horn & lights
• Wipers
• Tyre pressure
• Jack, wooden plate & spare parts

42. DAILY INSPECTIONS:
• Presence of safety equipments
• Brakes
• Tyres
• Fire extinguishers
• Rear view mirrors