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1. RN RESEARCH SAMPLE
NURSING COMMUNICATION
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In the definition of nursing it is said that "the art of nursing is
the interpersonal relationship and the interaction process
between the nurse and the sister within the social environment
during nursing care" (Kenney, 1990). Most interactions are
achieved through interpersonal communication. The term
interaction implies the interaction of persons, assuming
attitudes, and determining behaviors. Adequate use of speech
as a means of communication is one of the essential skills that
nurses should have. The first impression (gained by the first
contact) is important for the establishment of interpersonal
relationships, and the relationship of the individual depends
on the success of the patient's cooperation in the treatment.
One of the basic goals of nursing is to adopt positive health
behavior, or to change bad habits and undesirable behaviors.
The way people see the events or the particular situation and
meaning that this situation has for them and their reaction. If a
nurse and a patient approach a situation with very distant and
different interpretations or assumptions, there may often be
misunderstandings. We often see some of our patients' needs
as a priority, but they may not be able to see them. Such
situations may be frustrating for both sides in the therapeutic
process, so a nurse and a patient need it together explore the
patient's well-being, focusing on "here and now"
The great significance for successful communication has the
following factors: The ability and ability of the nurse to assist,
empathize, cordiality, honesty, consistency, respect and
acceptance of the patient, provide the patient with the
opportunity to express his / her own opinion and participate in
decision-making, his / her unreserved acceptance,
understanding, nonconformity and patient care; Patient traits -
cognitive abilities, affective component of personality, i.e.

2. feelingsandallthataffectsthem,thepatient'spriorexperience;social,
ethicalandculturalaffiliationandbeliefs,language,possiblephysical
disadvantages,etc.arealsoimportant;Theenvironmentinwhich
communicationisrealized-asanancillaryfactor,butalsoafactorthat
makescommunicationmoredifficult;unsuitableplace,crowdedspace,
noise,presenceofotherpatientsandstaff,relativesandothers.
CommunicationSkillsGroupsarethebasicinterpersonalskillsthatthey
supportprovidingpsychologicalcare(Priest,2014).Sincethequestionof
healthandillness,lifeanddeathisimportantforeveryman,
determininghisdestiny,achievinglifegoals,andaffectinghis
relationshipsinthenearandfar-reachingsocialenvironment,
communicationbetweenactorsinvolvedintheprocessofproviding
healthcareisdevotedspecialattention.Conversationisthebestwaywe
communicate.Skillsthatwecouldinstinctivelysaythatcommunication
skillsare:ListeningandSpeakingtoOthers(Priest,2014).
Communicationskillsfallintoagroupoffundamentalinterpersonal
skills.Theysupporttheprovisionofpsychologicalcare.Unlikepersonal
qualitiesthatareingreatdegreeborn,theskillsarepreviouslylearned
ratherthaninnate,andexercisescanbedeveloped.Thespecialtyof
communicationskillsisthattheyalwaysinvolvetheconnection
betweentwoormorepeopleorgroups,aswellastheirinterdependence
(Bach&Grant,2009).Althoughitisexpectedthatanyonewhochooses
todealwithahealthcarecareerhasprobablyalreadydeveloped
communicationskillsandistherefore"interpersonallycompetent",this
assumptioncannotbetakenforgranted.Skillsthatwecould
instinctivelysaythatcommunicationislisteningandtalkingtoothers.
Themessagebeingconveyed,directedtoothers,shouldbedirect,open,
timely,clear,andcongruent. Avoidingduplicatemessages,focusingon
onethingataparticulartime,makingacleardistinctionbetweenthe
factsthatarebeingperceivedandourpersonalattitudes,willbeclearin
wishesandemotions.Thespokenmessageshouldbetrueand
supportive.Thelisteningskillsyouneedare:activelistening,listening
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3. withempathy,open,andconsciouslylistening.Communicationisthe
foundationofeffectivehealthcarepractices,becausehealthcareisan
interpersonalactivity,sotherearefewnurturingrolesthatdonot
involveatleastoneperson.Communicationcanhaveanyorallofthe
followingcommunicationfunctions:completingtasks-completing
somethingforourowngood,suchasseekingassistanceinsharing
therapy,turningtheimmobilepatienttogiveaninjectionorasking
someonetochecktheinfusionsthatareinprogress,whilewe'redealing
withbloodinthelab;control-seekingsomeonetodosomethingfor
theirowngood,suchaschangingunhealthybehavior;changing
information-providingandreceivinginformation;expressing
thoughtsorfeelings-allowsustogetclosertoothersanddevelop
empathyforthesituationofotherpeople;reducinganxiety-weare
oftenexpressingthoughtsandfeelingsintheabilitytofeelthatthe"split
problemisactuallyacut-offproblem";Sociability/Satisfaction-
Althoughwemaybehappywithdatingforawhile,mostofthe
experiencehasbeenimprovedifsharedordiscussedwithothers;ritual
-thisfunctionhelpsustoknowmoreacceptablewaysofanswering/
speakinginthegivensituations;So,forexample,weknowthatwhen
wereceivethefirsttimewemeet,weneedtopresentitbyname,name
andsurname(Priest,2014).Someofthekeyfeatures/qualities,aswell
asbasicconditionsforquality,effectivecommunicationthatnurses
workingwithpsychiatricpatientsshouldhaveinclude:activelistening,
self-consciousness,congruenceinrelationtonurse-patient,possession
andCommunicatingEmpathicUnderstandingandUnqualified
AcceptanceofPatients.Verbalcommunicationusuallyimplies
speaking.Theverbalcommunicationmediaisthelanguage.Letthe
patientspeak!Wewillonlygettheinformationwhenwegetthefull
attentionandtrustofthepatient.Togivethepatientcomplete
informationweneedtoshowourinterestandshowthatwecareabout
theoutcomesofcommunication.Weneedtobeaware,present,and
respondtohonestfeelings,whichautomaticallymeans(only)respect.
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4. Let'stalkabouthisviewofthe"problem",e.g.tosolvetheincident,
whetherhehadasimilarproblembefore.Notonlywillwegetmore
completeinformationinthisway,butwewillgetamorecomplete
pictureofthepatienthimselfandhiscondition.Speech(oral)and
writtencommunicationcanbeconsidered"verbal"communication,
becausetheyincludewords.Healthcareworkers,includingnurses,are
usedinawrittenwordtocommunicate,suchaswritinghealthcare
plansornursingdocumentation.Nursingdocumentationservesasa
communicationmethodforcommunicatingwitheachotherinvolved
inthehealthcaresystemandthecareofpatients(healthpersonnel,
healthcareprofessionals,patients,familyandhealthinsurance
institutions).Giventhatagreatdealofinformationinthepostmodern
societyisexchangedinwriting,ahighlevelofliteracyisaconditionof
equalparticipationinthecommunicationprocess.However,whatwe
aretalkingabout(orwriting)isjustpartoftheoverallspectrumof
communication.Thespokenwordsmakeuponlyabout30%of
humancommunication.Infact,nonverbalcommunicationisthemost
widespreadandmostpowerfulformofcommunication.Non-verbal
communicationlargelyrevealsthefeelingsandthoughtsofthe
interlocutor.Itisalsousedtoamplifyspokenwords,andinmanycases,
asasubstituteforthem.Thetoneofvoice,theexpressionoftheface,
thegesture,thetouchandtheattitudeofthebodyspeakaboutthe
natureoftherelationshipbetweentheparticipants.Patientswhohave
receivedbadnews(suchasdiagnosis),depressedpatients,drowned,and
thelikenursesbytouchingtheirarmscancommunicateverystrongly
withthemandofferthemsupport.Ifthereisamismatchbetweenthe
verbalandnon-verbalelementsofthemessage,theobserverwillbe
carefultorevealit.Anymisunderstandingintroducesconfusionand
misunderstandingincommunication.Non-verbalcommunicationcan
serveasawarningtotheforthcomingprocedures.Forexample,ifwe
lookatapersonwalkinginaroomwithsqueezedfistsandangryfacial
expressions,wemayfindthattheycanbecomeverballyorphysically
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5. aggressive,sowecanprepareforinterventiontopreventunwanted
behaviorifpossible.Silencecanalsohaveitsownmeaning.Linguistics
definessilencenegatively:astheabsenceofspeech.Itcanbeasignof
tiredness,thinking,dissatisfaction,butalsotheformofsocialcontrol.
Therearefewareasofcommunicationthatcancausesomuch
misunderstandingassilence.Othersareoftheopinionthatweshould
alllearntoappreciatethesilence.Manypeopleareafraidofsilence
becausetheyareuncomfortableandtrytoavoiditatallcost.Ashort
silenceispartofaconversationthatalsohasitsmeaningandcanbe
veryuseful.Silencecanbringcalmness,helpustoawakenourown
thoughtsandfeelings,notethenon-verbalreactionsoftheinterlocutor,
butalso,tosomeextent,controlourfeelings.
REFERENCES
Kenny,T.(1990).Erosionofindividualityincareofelderlypeoplein
hospital—analternativeapproach.JournalofAdvancedNursing,
Volume15,Issue5,571-576.
Priest,H.(2014).AnIntroductiontoPsychologicalCareinNursingand
theHealthProfessions,Abingdon:Routledge.
Bach,S.&Grant,A.(2009).CommunicationandInterpersonalSkills
forNurses.Exeter:LearningMatters.
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