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River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report

6.0    FLOOD MANAGEMENT OPTIONS
       This section sets out in tabular form a number of options for future flood management. It is
       not intended to be exhaustive. Comments and further suggestions for options are welcome. It
       is unlikely that any one option will present a stand alone solution and it should be noted that
       the implementation of schemes is likely to be phased, depending on their priority.

       Options will aim to modify flooding and flood risk by reducing the frequency of flooding, by
       changing the extent and consequences of flooding or by reducing the vulnerability of those
       exposed to flood hazards.

       Options will in general fall under one of the following categories: -

       •   Upstream storage (online or offline);
       •   Localised flood defences (walls and banks);
       •   Improved flow along the river (conveyance);
       •   Floodplain management, including controlling development in floodplains;
       •   Flood proofing (reducing the susceptibility to damage through use of materials, building
           techniques and protection);
       •   Flood warning, awareness and education about flooding; and
       •   Catchment wide land use and management.

       For each option the broad brush impacts, opportunities and constraints are outlined and for
       ease of reading have been colour coded in the table.

       All options would be subject to a Strategic Environmental Assessment at strategy level and an
       Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) at project level in order to establish the range of
       impacts which that would result and their significance.

       Setting up of partnerships that could include Local Planning Authorities, Government
       Agencies and other interest groups may be essential to implement many of the possible
       solutions, especially those where flood benefit may be identified as minor compared to other
       environmental gains.

6.1    Sustainability – Climate Change

       Predictions for changes in climate over the next 50 years are still being reviewed and revised
       by climatologists and meteorologists. However, it is anticipated that extreme weather events
       (i.e. heavy downpours, strong winds) will be more frequent, and that winters will become
       wetter. Current estimates are that winter days with rainfall of around 25mm will become 4 to
       5 times more likely by 2050. The Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) has reviewed
       possible climate change scenarios and recommended using a 20% increase in peak flows
       within any hydrological modelling to incorporate the anticipated changes in climate. As a
       consequence, the strategy will aim to identify management strategies for a 50-year period
       which are sustainable and robust under various climate change scenarios.

6.2    Sustainability – Development & Growth

       The impact of development on runoff is generally small, particularly in comparison with
       climate change predictions. The strategy would only consider this if a population explosion,
       extensive development or a new town is expected.




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River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report


6.3    Sustainability – Land Use Change

       The impacts of land use change on runoff generation have not been clearly established. The
       difficulty in obtaining consistent evidence of the effects of land use change on downstream
       flood response suggests that any effect is probably relatively moderate and dependent on the
       exact nature of the previous land use and local conditions (climate, topography, soils, etc). In
       general, the strategy would only consider major changes in land use, such as changes to
       afforestation from arable farming over large areas of land.
       Please comment on:

       Flood alleviation options, including impacts and opportunities of each

       Partnerships that could develop through mutual objectives

       Funding availability for scheme enhancements and opportunities




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River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report

         OPTION                                           IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS
  6.4    ‘Do Nothing’
         'Do nothing' means that all expenditure would   • Flood risk would not be reduced
         cease. The maintenance of existing flood        • Flood risk likely to increase due to the effects of climate change,
         defences, the management of flooding along        lack of maintenance and flood warning
         the Derwent Corridor and all flood warning      • Flooding would start to occur in defended areas as existing flood
         would stop. 'Do Nothing' is considered as the     defences deteriorate
         baseline option for the comparison of flood     • Negative impacts of flooding on safety, economy, communities
         management options in terms of their              would increase
         effectiveness, benefits and costs.              • Natural processes would gradually return bringing a return to a
                                                           more natural environment. This may have positive biodiversity
                                                           impacts
  6.5    ‘Do Minimum’
         'Do minimum' means that only the maintenance • Flood risk would not be reduced and negative impacts of flooding
         of existing flood defences to the present       on safety, economy, communities would continue
         standard and operations efforts such as flood • Gradual reduction in standards of defence and increase in flood risk
         warning would be continued.                     with increased peak flows due to climate change
                                                       • The integration of environmental benefits into flood management
                                                         options would not be possible
                                                       • Natural processes would gradually return bringing a return to a
                                                         more natural environment. This may have positive biodiversity
                                                         impacts
                                                       • Lack of funding may affect the Environment Agency’s ability to
                                                         undertake best practice standards of maintenance




                                                                                                                          Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment.

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River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report

          OPTION                                                  IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS
  6.6     Storage
  6.6.1   Off-line Storage
          These are generally embanked areas which               • Very significant areas of flood storage may be required
          unlike flood plain grassland, experience sudden        • Possible adverse effects for the natural or built environment
          inundation and remain flooded for a longer             • Significant biodiversity benefits could be gained by extending off-
          duration. Timing of filling is critical for              line storage to the natural flood plain, where this would not
          successful operation. The storage volume needs                                                                                                       RIVER
                                                                   compromise existing biodiversity interest
          to be utilised at the peak of the flood, but this is   • Compensation to landowners
          difficult to predict and manage. It is important       • Large enough areas in appropriate locations may not be available
          to allow the storage volume to drain down as                                                                                                             WEIR
          soon as possible after the flood peak has passed
          in order that storage can be available for
          subsequent events.                                                                                                              STORAGE
  6.6.2   Use of Washlands and Natural Flood Plains
          (flood plain storage)
          Washlands and flood plains are terms often • As off-line storage.
          used interchangeably to describe areas within
          the natural flood plain which are generally
          unprotected from flood events.




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          OPTION                                               IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS

  6.6.3   On-line Storage
          Involves the containment of flood water         • Environmental impacts of permanent or temporary inundation
          within the flood plain. No weir/control is      • Possible use for irrigation
          required for waters to enter the storage,       • On-line storage, which is already filled with water at the start
          instead a structure, or the natural capacity      of a flood event, will not provide any further capacity for flood
          of the channel limits the outflow of water        storage.
          and thereby impounds it. This can be            • Compensation may be required for farmland/other land
          achieved deliberately by the construction       • Possible safety/cost implications to comply with the
          of on-line reservoirs using sluices to retain     Reservoirs Act if >25,000m3 of water to be contained.
          water within the channel. It can also occur     • Existence of appropriate locations
          as a result of water building up behind
          existing structures e.g. bridges.
          There is some evidence to suggest that the
          restoration of flood plain woodlands could
          also achieve this. There would also be
          significant     benefits     to   increasing
          biodiversity and linking to targets for wet
          woodlands under the UK BAP.
  6.6.4   On-line Storage (existing reservoirs)
          Using the existing reservoirs to store water    • Wider environmental impacts (eg. on recreational users)
          during periods of heavy rainfall could          • Hydroelectric power generation from water that would
          provide an economic solution. There is an         otherwise spill over the dam
          existing agreement as part of the               • Good weather forecasting /warning system essential
          abstraction licence to operate the reservoirs   • Agreement and management between utility company &
          to provide flood alleviation. The reservoirs      Agency.
          may already be full when the storm arrives.
          This option would therefore only be viable
          if the reservoir levels were drawn down in
          advance of a storm.




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          OPTION                                               IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS
  6.6.5   Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS)
          SuDS addresses the management of urban          • Increased cost/savings to the developer
          water that traditionally was routed as          • Wildlife may be exposed to pollutants entering the ground
          quickly as possible into drains and             • Environmental benefits through habitat creation
          transported to the nearest discharge point.     • Water quality benefits
          The Environment Agency, English Nature          • Cannot be used on contaminated sites
          and Local Planning Authorities promote          • Use of SuDS may not be effective at a catchment scale, but
          SuDS for new development where                    only suitable for small scale drainage problems
          appropriate and it is often included as a
                                                          • Lack of availability of land for additional storage in
          condition of planning permission. SuDS is
                                                            development areas
          useful as a means of reducing run-off,
                                                          • Unlikely to be a stand-alone answer
          limiting pollution, improving biodiversity
                                                          • Implications for future maintenance costs
          and recharging of the aquifer. It may be
          possible to increase the required
          specification of SuDS at each site to
          contribute to the overall flood defence
          strategy.

  6.6.6   Groundwater Recharge
          Globally artificial recharge of groundwater     • Potential contamination of aquifers by the introduction of
          is a widespread technique used to increase        floodwaters high in suspended solids and other contaminants.
          groundwater reserves. In many areas of the      • Particular benefits where water for abstraction is currently in
          world there is also considerable interest in      short supply
          the feasibility of capturing flood waters for   • Rate of recharge likely to have minimal impact on flood peak
          groundwater recharge. However, there are        • Cost of treating flood waters prior to diverting to groundwater
          potential problems with poor water quality,     • The large cost of the engineering works
          in particular suspended solids.                 • Impacts of increased groundwater recharge on archaeology
                                                            would need to be assessed.




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          OPTION                                        IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS
  6.6.7   Underground Tanks
          In theory underground tanks could be •    Disposal of the spoil
          constructed to store flood waters.   •    Environmental impacts during construction
                                               •    Unlikely to be practical (size) or cost-effective
                                               •    Process required to empty tanks after flood events so available
                                                    for subsequent events




  6.6.8   Tributary Storage
          On large river systems like the Derwent • Secondary impacts may be difficult to predict, including
          rainfall is often remote from the actual      flooding on tributaries
          areas that experience the flooding. In some • Extended catchment modelling may be required to assess
          circumstances it may be possible to apply     effectiveness of measures on tributaries.
          one or more of the measures discussed
          herein to retain or slow the passage of
          water along the tributaries.




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          OPTION                                             IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS
  6.6.9   Removal of Obstructions
          Structures in the flood plain can take up     • Adverse impacts in terms of landscape, aesthetic and
          space or exclude areas that could otherwise     recreational value
          be used for storage. Obstructions may         • Significant biodiversity benefits could be gained by extending
          include existing infrastructure including       off-line storage to the natural flood plain, where this would not
          abandoned roads and railways (particularly      compromise existing biodiversity interest
          those on embankments), redundant flood        • Possible use for irrigation
          defences, and spoil heaps, tips etc. The      • Possible aesthetic benefits
          removal of obstructions may be extended       • High on going costs
          to the purchase of property for subsequent    • Large areas required to be able to provide required volume
          demolition. Even straw left on fields can
                                                        • Location and level relative to the river is critical
          create blockages in hedges and fences.
                                                        • Some structures may provide informal flood defence
                                                        • Abandoned areas often have become important wildlife
                                                          habitat/corridors or can be important historical/archaeological
                                                          sites
  6.7     Protection (walls and banks)
  6.7.1   Defences (walls/banks)
          Defences are most likely to be appropriate    • Adverse impacts in terms of visual, aesthetic, archaeological,
          in urban locations, and may be a                recreational and ecological value
          sustainable solution, particularly where      • The consequences of over-topping or failure can be
          enhancement or regeneration can be              catastrophic.
          incorporated. Defences include concrete,      • Can provide a physical barrier within a community or
          brick or stone-faced walls, earth               severance of agricultural land
          embankments (always with an impervious        • Impacts associated with extended construction periods
          core) and demountable barriers. Existing      • Can assist in urban regeneration
          defences could also be improved to            • Provision of flood storage compensation mitigation for loss of
          provide increased defence to areas already      flood plain behind defences required
          protected.




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          OPTION                                             IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS
  6.8     Improved        conveyance       including
                   diversion
  6.8.1   Weirs and Sluices
          Weirs have generally been installed to        • .Landscape and recreational impacts (eg. angling, watersports)
          control water levels, for mills and to aid    • Changing flow speeds and bed levels by removing weirs can
          navigation. They can also be used to slow       significantly affect the ecology of the river and the integrity of
          river flows along a river. Adjustable weirs     riverside structures
          provide a flexible way of managing water      • Navigability of river will need to be maintained
          levels. Removal of weirs could improve        • Existing weirs may be of historic significance
          the conveyance of flood waters.               • Weirs are not likely to provide a significant solution to flood
                                                          management

  6.8.2   Dredging
          The river channel could in theory be          • Significant environmental consequences including changes to
          dredged along its length to increase            river channel and bank habitats, and water quality problems
          capacity and improve flow in flood events.      during dredging
          Dredging options could either be a one-off    • Disposal of dredged material and release of contaminants
          lowering of the bed level along part or all   • Bridges, weirs and other structures adjacent to river would be
          of the Derwent or an on-going                   impacted
          maintenance programme.                        • Crest of existing weirs may need to be lowered
                                                        • Loss of visual and recreational amenity (loss of channel
                                                          vegetation and water level falling significantly below bank
                                                          level during normal flows)
                                                        • May increase erosion of adjacent river banks
                                                        • Constraints include crest levels of existing weirs and stability
                                                          of existing riverside structures
                                                        • Unlikely to have a significant effect, the river is normally only
                                                          a small proportion of the flood plain cross-section
                                                        • Unsustainable and unlikely to be cost-effective. Long term
                                                          financial maintenance commitment required
                                                        • Further investigation on the degree and impact of siltation
                                                          downstream required



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          OPTION                                               IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS
  6.8.3   River Re-profiling
          Involves re-profiling the river channel to      • Issues as dredging plus:
          either speed up flows (primarily in the         • Environmental impacts, particularly on biodiversity and
          middle and lower reaches) or retard flows         conservation could be negative during construction but
          (primarily in the upper reaches) in order to      positive following construction
          de-synchronise flood peaks. This might be       • Potential for negative impacts on archaeology
          achieved by easing tight bends or by            • Compensation required to landowners for land take and
          introducing or re-introducing features such       severance
          as meanders and islands.                        • Constraints of existing infrastructure e.g. canals, railways


  6.8.4   River Maintenance
          River maintenance includes management           • Impacts of spoil disposal
          of riverbank trees, localised dredging of       • Can have significant biodiversity and amenity impacts at a
          shoals/silt at key points, and the removal of     local scale and even national scale depending on length of
          channel obstructions including debris and         river affected
          emergent vegetation where they contribute       • Landscape and recreational user (eg. angling) impacts
          to flooding.                                    • Short and long term water quality impacts
                                                          • Difficult to model and therefore to quantify effects
                                                          • High maintenance costs




  6.8.5   Flow Diversion
          Diversion channels (or tunnel/culvert) • As river re-profiling plus:
          could be cut to divert excess flood water • Potential for positive and negative environmental impacts
          away from a vulnerable area or bottlenecks • If a constant base flow was maintained new channels could be
          by constructing a bypass.                    used as fish passes
                                                     • Feasibility will depend on the gradient of the river and hence
                                                       the size of diversion
                                                     • New channels could be un-natural and unsustainable



                                                                                                                           Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment.

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          OPTION                                                 IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS
  6.8.6   Flow Diversion (Cromford Canal)
          The Cromford Canal runs from Cromford           •   Changes hydrology of adjacent catchment
          and crosses the River Derwent towards           •   Restoration of canal
          Whatstandwell and Ambergate. From here          •   Canal capacity may not be sufficient
          the canal heads east and leaves the             •   Technical problems – inflow, velocities, locks etc
          Derwent catchment at Ripley. The                •   SSSI status
          Cromford Canal is linked with the Erewash
          canal to the River Trent.


  6.8.7   Flow Diversion (Rivelin Transfer)
          Yorkshire Water currently abstract from         • Impacts on hydrology of adjacent catchment
          the Derwent catchment at Bamford to             • Shared cost of infrastructure (water resources & flood relief)
          Rivelin, west of Sheffield. It is possible      • Working with Yorkshire Water
          that the rate of abstraction could be
          increased at times of flood to reduce the
          flood risk.
  6.9     Floodplain      management,       including
          development control
  6.9.1   Managed Retreat
          In some areas long term flood defence may       • Issues will be as those for off line storage (6.6.1)
          not be sustainable and managed retreat will     • May be conflicts with wildlife/archaeological/agricultural
          be a solution. This will effectively involve      interests
          restoring part or whole of the flood plain at   • Existence of appropriate locations
          a location whilst continuing to provide
          protection to the land behind.




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          OPTION                                            IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS
  6.9.2   Development Control
          Greater planning control is being used to    • Restricted development opportunities and associated increase
          prevent inappropriate development in flood     in land costs
          plain areas. Development elsewhere in the    • Impacts on local economy if future development restricted
          catchment may also affect flooding (e.g.     • Reduction in insurance premiums in flood plains
          through increased run-off etc.) and          • Where development is permitted mitigation measures must be
          therefore may need to be controlled.           applied to ensure that there is no loss of flood storage, no
          PPG25 provides guidance to Local               increase in run-off and that the site can be safely evacuated in
          Planning Authorities on the control of         the event of flooding
          development in flood risk areas.             • Mitigation measures should enhance biodiversity, improve the
                                                         landscape, and increase the recreational value of the area
                                                       • Local Planning Authorities not the Environment Agency make
                                                         the final decisions on planning applications
                                                       • Accuracy of the indicative flood plain maps
                                                       • More modelling would be required to improve accuracy



  6.9.3   Relocation
          Involves demolition of undefended • Disruption to people’s lives, jobs
          property, relocation of those affected. • Landscape impacts
                                                  • Disposal of materials
                                                  • Sustainable alternative outcome
                                                  • Only feasible at a small scale




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          OPTION                                                IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS
  6.9.4   Changes in Land Management
          It is thought (although not quantified) that   •   May result in changes to existing landscape character
          reducing the intensity and nature of           •   Drains may be of historical interest
          agricultural practices will reduce surface     •   Potential positive impacts for conservation and biodiversity
          water run-off. Changes in the mechanisms       •   May have indirect recreational benefits
          by which farming subsidies are made are        •   Option offers a high level of sustainability
          seen as being influential in reducing this     •   Changing land use is likely to be a lengthy process.
          intensity. Other measures include grip             Opportunities may have to be utilised as they arise
          blocking and generally reverting existing
                                                         •   Research needed to quantify what effect the changes might
          drainage improvements.
                                                             have on surface water run-off and flooding
                                                         •   The cost to farming communities of, in particular, de-
                                                             intensifying upland farming
                                                         •   Achievability/take up may be difficult to determine. Will need
                                                             political will and support from the farming community and
                                                             associated government departments
                                                         •   Support of the expansion of existing agri-environmental grant
                                                             schemes to be provided by the Environment Agency and other
                                                             statutory and non-statutory organisations
  6.9.5   Best Farming Practices
          'Best Farming Practice' is synonymous          • Reduction in flood flows are not likely to be significant
          with good environmental care of air, soil      • Unlikely to be significant adverse effects on agriculture from
          and water. Good soil husbandry, cropping         these potential solutions as most are already well accepted as
          practices and general management will            'best practice'
          reduce the risk of soil damage (loss of        • Positive impacts on water quality
          structure) and can result in reduced run-off   • Opportunity to fulfil new farming policy of reducing
          erosion.                                         production and increasing sensitive environmental practice
                                                           (eg. reducing overgrazing to allow reversion of marginal land)
                                                         • Changing in tilling technology (deep) may conflict with the
                                                           minimum tillage strategies being developed by English
                                                           Heritage to reduce the risk to archaeological sites from
                                                           mechanical damage
                                                         • Achievability/take up may be difficult to determine. Will need
                                                           support from the farming community and associated
                                                           government departments

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          OPTION                                               IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS
  6.9.6   Afforestation/flood plain woodlands
          It is generally believed that the existence     • Woodlands would catch debris being washed downstream but
          of forests in upper catchments helps to           would create additional debris (leaf fall, branches etc.)
          alleviate flood problems. In most situations    • Impacts of extensive afforestation on landscape, archaeology,
          trees are known to increase interception          historic sites
          losses and hence reduce net rainfall, reduce    • Impacts on water quality (reduced erosion)
          soil water content, increase filtration rates   • Uptake and locking up of contaminants
          at the soil's surface, and affect snowmelt      • Likely to benefit BAP targets
          rates.                                          • Subsidies/compensation for the planting of woodland on
                                                            agricultural land or other land use
                                                          • Likely that large areas of afforestation would be required
                                                          • May adversely affect water resource e.g. in the time of summer
                                                            low flows
                                                          • Possible conflicts with other conservation objectives e.g.
                                                            washlands
                                                          • Would need to be sited carefully as increased attenuation may
                                                            exacerbate flooding, see 6.3
  6.10    Flood proofing
          Involves making buildings less susceptible      • Flood risks and environmental & economic impacts, if
          to flood damage, and use of flood defences        lowered. still remain
          as an integral part of the building. Includes   • Could be done in combination with post flood refitting
          personal or local flood protection measures     • Relies on good flood forecasting & warning
          including portable flood barriers and           • Implementation cannot be enforced
          plastic door guards. Alternative, less          • Who pays – residents or government
          susceptible building material should be         • Modification to listed buildings
          used and costly elements placed above
          flood level (electrical appliances &
          sockets, heating boiler).




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         OPTION                                            IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS
  6.11   Flood warning & awareness
  6.11.1 Flood Warning
         Flood warning may be suitable where good • Flood impacts (environmental and economic), if lowered, still
         forecasting data is available and there is    remain.
         sufficient time lag between the storm and • Reliable and accurate forecasting & dissemination is necessary
         flooding to assemble a warning.             • A member of the individual household may not be available to
                                                       be warned
                                                     • Individuals may not be physically able to respond to the
                                                       warning
                                                     • Individuals may not know how to respond effectively
  6.11.2 Flood Awareness
         In some locations improved flood • Flood impacts (environmental and economic), if lowered, still
         awareness may be an appropriate measure.      remain
         People may be more ready to respond if • Education on flooding issues
         they are aware of the risks. This could • Disseminating the message
         involve advertising locations and levels of • Avoid causing alarm
         protection and measure that could be taken
         to minimise risks.




       Please comment on:

       Flood alleviation options, including impacts and opportunities of each

       Partnerships that could develop through mutual objectives

       Funding availability for scheme enhancements and opportunities




                                                                                                                      Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment.

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7.0    DATA COLLECTION

       Data, including Geographical Information System (GIS) data, were provided through the
       Environment Agency, preliminary consultation or the internet. The following represents a list
       of key documents identified to date, which are of relevance to the strategy.

       1) Autumn 1998 Flood Event 22nd October to 8th November 1998 – Midlands Region.
           Environment Agency
       2) A Strategy for Sustainable Land Management in England. Countryside Agency
           Publications
       3) Biodiversity Action Plan for the Peak District
       4) Biodiversity Action Plan for Mid Derbyshire
       5) Derby City Local Plan
       6) Derbyshire County Council Structure Plan
       7) Derbyshire County Council Minerals Plan
       8) Derbyshire County Council Waste Plan
       9) Derbyshire County Council Transport Plan
       10) Derbyshire Derwent Local Environment Agency Plan – Consultation Report
           February1998
       11) Derwent Valley Mills Management Plan
       12) Easter 1998 Flood Event 7th April to 13th April 1998 – Midlands Region. Environment
           Agency
       13) English Nature – Natural Areas in the East Midlands Region
       14) Flood Report 28th October to 20th November 2000 – Midlands Region. Environment
           Agency
       15) Flood Survey (Midlands Region) – March 97 (Main and Ordinary watercourses)
       16) Hydrometric Report – Midlands Region
       17) Introduction to the History of Floods and Droughts of the Trent Basin. HR Potter
       18) Local Authority Plans – Derbyshire City Council
       19) Local Authority Plans – South Derbyshire District Council
       20) Local Authority Plans – Borough of High Peak Council
       21) Local Authority Plans – Chesterfield Borough Council
       22) Local Authority Plans – Erewash Borough Council
       23) Local Authority Plans – Derbyshire Dales District Council
       24) Local Authority Plans – Amber Valley Borough Council
       25) Local Authority Plans – North East Derbyshire District Council
       26) Managing Water Abstraction – The Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy Process
           July 2002. Environment Agency
       27) Peak District National Park Management Plan (Strategy 2000 – 2005)
       28) Regional Planning Guidance for the East Midlands (RPG8)
       29) Report of The Floods of December 1965 – Trent River Authority
       30) Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation in Derbyshire – Derbyshire Wildlife Trust
       31) The State of the Countryside – East Midlands. Countryside Agency Publications

       Please advise us if there are other key documents that may be of use




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8.0     COMMUNICATION PLAN


                                                                COMMUNICATION PLAN

      Scheme Name:         Derwent Strategy                Client Manager:               Malcolm Boardman      EIA Officer:              Mark Ross

      Scheme No:           3036                            Project Manager:                Mark Jackson        Environmental            Claire Leather
                                                                                        Environment Agency     Co-ordinator:           Black & Veatch
      Start Date:          May 2003                        Project Manager:                Warwick Dale
                                                                                          Black & Veatch

             Stage           Aim of Communication             Stakeholders            Method of             Dates     Responsibility   Expected outcome or
                                                                                     Consultation                          for                action
                                                                                                                       undertaking
                                                                                                                      and preparing
                                                                                                                       consultation

      Screening             To establish internally Project team                  Project      start-up 24th    June The Agency        Comment on data
                            within the Agency initial                             meeting brainstorm    2003                           collection     register,
                            comment on the proposed                                                                                    recommendations on
                            scope of the SEA and                                                                                       potential consultees,
                            extent of consultation

      Scoping               Introduce Scoping and          Statutory              Introductory letter   11th July– 30 B&V but issued Awareness among key
                            inform organisations of        Consultees/    Key                           September     by Agency      consultees of Strategy
                            Derwent Strategy, obtain       Stakeholders                                 2003                         and early input into
                            preliminary comment and                                                                                  Scoping Report
                            data on existing conditions,   Wider
                            potential    impacts    and    organisations and
                            opportunities and propose      public      interest
                            date that Scoping Report       groups
                            will be issued for comment.




                                                                                    September 2003                                                          38
River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report


            Stage            Aim of Communication             Stakeholders          Method of                Dates        Responsibility   Expected outcome or
                                                                                   Consultation                                for                action
                                                                                                                           undertaking
                                                                                                                         and preparing
                                                                                                                           consultation
                            Follow up communication        Statutory          Telephone            call/e- Ongoing       B&V               Provision of data and
                            to request data and            Consultees/    Key mail                         during                          information to guide
                            information to guide the       Stakeholders                                    July      &                     production of Scoping
                            production of the scoping                                                      August 2003                     Report
                            report as necessary            Wider
                                                           organisations and
                                                           public      interest
                                                           groups

                            To request data and            Internal    Agency Letter/e-                   Ongoing       B&V                Provision of data and
                            information to guide the       staff              mail/telephone call         during July &                    information to guide
                            production of the scoping                                                     August 2003                      production of Scoping
                            report as necessary                                                                                            Report
                            To gain Agency feedback        Internal     Agency Draft          Scoping 22   August B&V                      Revision of Scoping
                            and further input into         staff (MJ/MR & Report                      2003                                 Report    to   reflect
                            Scoping Study                  others as requested)                                                            Agency feedback

                            To gain further Agency         Internal    Agency Draft           Scoping Issue w/c 1 B&V                    Revision of Scoping
                            feedback and further input     staff              Report                  September                          Report     to    reflect
                            into Scoping Study                                                        2003                               Agency feedback
                            To further communicate         Statutory          Issue           Scoping Consultation B&V               and Revision of Scoping
                            aim and objective of the       Consultees/    Key Report                  responses    Agency                Report     to    reflect
                            Derwent     Strategy,    the   Stakeholders                               requested by                       consultee     feedback,
                            current understanding of                                                  28 October                         provision of further
                            study area and to encourage    Wider                                      2003                               data and information
                            further responses with         organisations and                                                             and recommendations
                            relevant information and       public      interest                                                          for           additional
                            suggestions     for   flood    groups and the                                                                consultees
                            management                     general public




                                                                                  September 2003                                                              39
River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report


            Stage            Aim of Communication              Stakeholders            Method of          Dates     Responsibility   Expected outcome or
                                                                                      Consultation                       for                action
                                                                                                                     undertaking
                                                                                                                    and preparing
                                                                                                                     consultation

                            To provide a summary of         Statutory            Post Consultation     Issue    15th B&V             Update          and
                            consultation responses.         Consultees/     Key Report                 October 2003                  communication    of
                                                            Stakeholders,                                                            feedback on Scoping
                                                            Wider                                                                    Report
                                                            organisations and
                                                            public      interest
                                                            groups and the
                                                            general public

                            To provide background           Agency staff (MJ & Summary Report          Issue     17 B&V              Summary of data and
                            information to Scoping Report   MR)                                        October 2003                  information collected
                            and proposed scope of                                                                                    for Scoping Study and
                            Strategy                                                                                                 to be used in Strategy.
                            Provide information on          Agency         staff Introductory letter   TBA
                            Strategy production             Statutory
                                                            Consultees/     Key
                                                            Stakeholders,
                                                            Wider
                                                            organisations and
                                                            public      interest
                                                            groups and the
                                                            general public

                            Draft Strategy Report           Agency staff           Strategy Report




                                                                                     September 2003                                                      40
River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report


            Stage            Aim of Communication      Stakeholders           Method of      Dates   Responsibility   Expected outcome or
                                                                             Consultation                 for                action
                                                                                                      undertaking
                                                                                                     and preparing
                                                                                                      consultation
                            Strategy Report         Agency         staff Strategy Report
                                                    Statutory
                                                    Consultees/     Key
                                                    Stakeholders,
                                                    Wider
                                                    organisations and
                                                    public      interest
                                                    groups and the
                                                    general public




                                                                            September 2003                                             41
River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report


9.0    LIST OF CONSULTEES                                 47) National Trust
                                                          48) Network Rail
       1)  Acordis UK Ltd                                 49) North East Derbyshire District
       2)  Aggregate Industries UK                            Council*
       3)  Amateur Rowing Association                     50) Peak District National Park * +
       4)  Amber Valley Borough Council *                 51) Peak Forest Parish Council
       5)  Association of Drainage Authorities*           52) Peak & Northern Footpath Society
       6)  Belper Town Council                            53) Ramblers Association
       7)  British Canoe Union                            54) Rowsley Parish Council
       8)  British Waterways                              55) Royal Yachting Association*
       9)  Castleton Parish Council                       56) RSPB *
       10) Chesterfield Borough Council *                 57) Salmon & Trout Association
       11) Council for the Protection of Rural            58) Sheffield City Council
           England (CPRE)                                 59) South Darley Parish Council
       12) Country Land & Business Association            60) South Derbyshire District Council *
           (East Midlands)                                61) Seven Trent Water Ltd * +
       13) Cromford Parish Council                        62) South Derbyshire District Council *
       14) The Countryside Agency (East                   63) Town and Parish Councils
           Midlands Region) * +                           64) Trent & Peak Archaeological Trust
       15) Darley Dale Town Council                       65) Turnditch & Windley Parish Council
       16) Derby City Council *                           66) Woodland Trust
       17) Derby & Sandiacre Canal Trust                  67) Yorkshire Water
       18) Derby Rowing Club
       19) Derbyshire County Counci
       20) Derbyshire Dales District Council *                The general public have access to the
       21) Derbyshire Wildlife Trust * +                      Scoping Report via the Environment
       22) Derbyshire Valley Mills Partnership                Agency website. The document is
       23) Derwent Hydroelectric                              also available to view at a selection
       24) Derwent Rowing Club                                of libraries in the catchment.
       25) Derwent Valley Trust
       26) Derwent Valley Mills Partnership
       27) DEFRA (Environment Agency to
           consult)
       28) District of Bolsover
       29) Duffield Parish Council
       30) East Midlands Conservancy (Forestry)
       31) East Midlands Development Agency
       32) Elvaston Parish Council
       33) English Heritage *
       34) English Nature * +
       35) Erewash Borough Council *
       36) Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group
           (FWAG)
       37) Forestry Commission
       38) Friends of Cromford Canal* +
       39) Government Office for the East
           Midlands                             Please advise us if there are any other organizations
       40) High Peak Borough Council * +        that should be consulted.
       41) Inland Waterway Association
       42) Little Eaton Parish Council
       43) Matlock Canoe Club                        * Consultee contacted at pre-scoping stage
       44) Matlock Parish Council                    + Consultee replied
       45) National Farmers Union (NFU)
       46) National Federation of Anglers (East
           Midlands Regional Council)



                                        September 2003                                   42
River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report


10.0   PRE PAID ADDRESS LABEL




                                        September 2003   43
River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report                                                                                           River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report


11.0       SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION ISSUES                                                                                        Please use the space on this sheet to make notes and you may wish to return this to us.

           The Environment Agency would value your comments on the following issues so far raised on the Derwent
           Strategy Study.
       •   Your experience of flooding in the catchment and damage caused (Section 3.1)
       •   Relationship between flooding from land drainage and high river levels (Section 3.1)
       •   Benefits of flooding, for example, the enrichment of soils (Section 3.1)
       •   Flood defences that the Agency may not be aware of (Section 3.2)
       •   Any weaknesses/deficiencies in existing defences that you know of (Section 3.2)
       •   Do you know of any other flood impacts on the Derwent? (Section 3.3)
       •   Have you any experience of impacts as a result of the Derwent flooding, or know others who have? (Section 3.3)
       •   Can you comment on economic cost of impacts as a result of the Derwent flooding? (Section 3.3)
       •   Experience of these changes (Section 3.4)
       •   Impacts of these changes (Section 3.4)
       •   Any landscapes which have been or could be affected by flood management (Section 4.1)
       •   Key impacts of flood management options on the Derwent landscape (Section 4.1)
       •   Opportunities for landscape restoration, as part of flood management schemes (Section 4.1)
       •   Opportunities for enhancement and/or partnership (Section 4.1)
       •   The impacts of recent and historical flooding in the catchment on soils (Section 4.2)
       •   Flooding where the main source can be identified as being ground water (Section 4.2)
       •   Your knowledge of water quality problems resulting from flooding and how these could be avoided (Section 4.3)
       •   Opportunities and techniques to protect and improve water quality, as part of flood management activities
           (Section 4.3)
       •   Highways which are affected by flooding (Section 4.4)
       •   Transport infrastructure that exacerbates flooding (eg. bridges) (Section 4.4)
       •   Plans for new transport infrastructure (Section 4.4)
       •   The location of potentially contaminated land in the catchment and the nature of the contamination (Section 4.5.1)
       •   History of contaminated land being disturbed by flood events (Section 4.5.1)
       •   Situations where industry has been affected by flood events (Section 4.5.1)
       •   Major events in agricultural and forestry which may have resulted in flooding problems (Section 4.5.2)
       •   Other schemes and initiatives in operation in the area which seek to improve land management, particularly where
           this relates to the floodplain (Section 4.5.2)
       •   The impacts of flooding or flood management activities on recreational activities (Section 4.5.3)
       •   The impacts of recreational activities on flood management (Section 4.5.3)
       •   Other recreational initiatives, especially those which focus on the water environment (Section 4.5.3)
       •   Sites which are vulnerable to the effects of flooding and flood management activities (Section 4.6)
       •   Sites which have been affected by flooding or flood management activities (Section 4.6)
       •   Opportunities to protect and enhance sites (Section 4.6)
       •   Cases where species or habitats have been affected by flooding or flood management activities. Please state your
           knowledge of both positive and negative effects (Section 4.7.1)
       •   Other initiatives seeking to restore floodplain and water-dependent habitats in the catchment
       •   Opportunities to integrate flood management with nature conservation (Section 4.7.1)
       •   Other legislation, policies, plans and strategies which you think may be relevant to the Derwent Strategy (Section
           5.4)
       •   Flood alleviation options, including impacts and opportunities of each (Section 6.3)
       •   Partnerships that could develop through mutual objectives (Section 6.3)
       •   Funding availability for scheme enhancements and opportunities (Section 6.3)
       •   Please advise us if there are other key documents that may be of use (Section 7.0)




                                              September 2003
River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report


Please use the space on this sheet to make notes and you may wish to return this to us.




Please include the following information with any response:

Name                                             Position
Organisation
Address



Telephone number
Do you wish to be included in future consultation?
 All formal comment or representation relating to this document should be submitted by 28th October 2003 to: -
 Liz Galloway - Regional EIA Coordinator
 Environment Agency, Olton Court, 10 Warwick Road, Olton, Solihull B92 7HX




                                           September 2003

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River derwent management strategies

  • 1. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report 6.0 FLOOD MANAGEMENT OPTIONS This section sets out in tabular form a number of options for future flood management. It is not intended to be exhaustive. Comments and further suggestions for options are welcome. It is unlikely that any one option will present a stand alone solution and it should be noted that the implementation of schemes is likely to be phased, depending on their priority. Options will aim to modify flooding and flood risk by reducing the frequency of flooding, by changing the extent and consequences of flooding or by reducing the vulnerability of those exposed to flood hazards. Options will in general fall under one of the following categories: - • Upstream storage (online or offline); • Localised flood defences (walls and banks); • Improved flow along the river (conveyance); • Floodplain management, including controlling development in floodplains; • Flood proofing (reducing the susceptibility to damage through use of materials, building techniques and protection); • Flood warning, awareness and education about flooding; and • Catchment wide land use and management. For each option the broad brush impacts, opportunities and constraints are outlined and for ease of reading have been colour coded in the table. All options would be subject to a Strategic Environmental Assessment at strategy level and an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) at project level in order to establish the range of impacts which that would result and their significance. Setting up of partnerships that could include Local Planning Authorities, Government Agencies and other interest groups may be essential to implement many of the possible solutions, especially those where flood benefit may be identified as minor compared to other environmental gains. 6.1 Sustainability – Climate Change Predictions for changes in climate over the next 50 years are still being reviewed and revised by climatologists and meteorologists. However, it is anticipated that extreme weather events (i.e. heavy downpours, strong winds) will be more frequent, and that winters will become wetter. Current estimates are that winter days with rainfall of around 25mm will become 4 to 5 times more likely by 2050. The Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) has reviewed possible climate change scenarios and recommended using a 20% increase in peak flows within any hydrological modelling to incorporate the anticipated changes in climate. As a consequence, the strategy will aim to identify management strategies for a 50-year period which are sustainable and robust under various climate change scenarios. 6.2 Sustainability – Development & Growth The impact of development on runoff is generally small, particularly in comparison with climate change predictions. The strategy would only consider this if a population explosion, extensive development or a new town is expected. September 2003 22
  • 2. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report 6.3 Sustainability – Land Use Change The impacts of land use change on runoff generation have not been clearly established. The difficulty in obtaining consistent evidence of the effects of land use change on downstream flood response suggests that any effect is probably relatively moderate and dependent on the exact nature of the previous land use and local conditions (climate, topography, soils, etc). In general, the strategy would only consider major changes in land use, such as changes to afforestation from arable farming over large areas of land. Please comment on: Flood alleviation options, including impacts and opportunities of each Partnerships that could develop through mutual objectives Funding availability for scheme enhancements and opportunities September 2003 23
  • 3. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report OPTION IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS 6.4 ‘Do Nothing’ 'Do nothing' means that all expenditure would • Flood risk would not be reduced cease. The maintenance of existing flood • Flood risk likely to increase due to the effects of climate change, defences, the management of flooding along lack of maintenance and flood warning the Derwent Corridor and all flood warning • Flooding would start to occur in defended areas as existing flood would stop. 'Do Nothing' is considered as the defences deteriorate baseline option for the comparison of flood • Negative impacts of flooding on safety, economy, communities management options in terms of their would increase effectiveness, benefits and costs. • Natural processes would gradually return bringing a return to a more natural environment. This may have positive biodiversity impacts 6.5 ‘Do Minimum’ 'Do minimum' means that only the maintenance • Flood risk would not be reduced and negative impacts of flooding of existing flood defences to the present on safety, economy, communities would continue standard and operations efforts such as flood • Gradual reduction in standards of defence and increase in flood risk warning would be continued. with increased peak flows due to climate change • The integration of environmental benefits into flood management options would not be possible • Natural processes would gradually return bringing a return to a more natural environment. This may have positive biodiversity impacts • Lack of funding may affect the Environment Agency’s ability to undertake best practice standards of maintenance Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment. September 2003 24
  • 4. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report OPTION IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS 6.6 Storage 6.6.1 Off-line Storage These are generally embanked areas which • Very significant areas of flood storage may be required unlike flood plain grassland, experience sudden • Possible adverse effects for the natural or built environment inundation and remain flooded for a longer • Significant biodiversity benefits could be gained by extending off- duration. Timing of filling is critical for line storage to the natural flood plain, where this would not successful operation. The storage volume needs RIVER compromise existing biodiversity interest to be utilised at the peak of the flood, but this is • Compensation to landowners difficult to predict and manage. It is important • Large enough areas in appropriate locations may not be available to allow the storage volume to drain down as WEIR soon as possible after the flood peak has passed in order that storage can be available for subsequent events. STORAGE 6.6.2 Use of Washlands and Natural Flood Plains (flood plain storage) Washlands and flood plains are terms often • As off-line storage. used interchangeably to describe areas within the natural flood plain which are generally unprotected from flood events. Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment. September 2003 25
  • 5. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report OPTION IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS 6.6.3 On-line Storage Involves the containment of flood water • Environmental impacts of permanent or temporary inundation within the flood plain. No weir/control is • Possible use for irrigation required for waters to enter the storage, • On-line storage, which is already filled with water at the start instead a structure, or the natural capacity of a flood event, will not provide any further capacity for flood of the channel limits the outflow of water storage. and thereby impounds it. This can be • Compensation may be required for farmland/other land achieved deliberately by the construction • Possible safety/cost implications to comply with the of on-line reservoirs using sluices to retain Reservoirs Act if >25,000m3 of water to be contained. water within the channel. It can also occur • Existence of appropriate locations as a result of water building up behind existing structures e.g. bridges. There is some evidence to suggest that the restoration of flood plain woodlands could also achieve this. There would also be significant benefits to increasing biodiversity and linking to targets for wet woodlands under the UK BAP. 6.6.4 On-line Storage (existing reservoirs) Using the existing reservoirs to store water • Wider environmental impacts (eg. on recreational users) during periods of heavy rainfall could • Hydroelectric power generation from water that would provide an economic solution. There is an otherwise spill over the dam existing agreement as part of the • Good weather forecasting /warning system essential abstraction licence to operate the reservoirs • Agreement and management between utility company & to provide flood alleviation. The reservoirs Agency. may already be full when the storm arrives. This option would therefore only be viable if the reservoir levels were drawn down in advance of a storm. Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment. September 2003 26
  • 6. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report OPTION IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS 6.6.5 Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) SuDS addresses the management of urban • Increased cost/savings to the developer water that traditionally was routed as • Wildlife may be exposed to pollutants entering the ground quickly as possible into drains and • Environmental benefits through habitat creation transported to the nearest discharge point. • Water quality benefits The Environment Agency, English Nature • Cannot be used on contaminated sites and Local Planning Authorities promote • Use of SuDS may not be effective at a catchment scale, but SuDS for new development where only suitable for small scale drainage problems appropriate and it is often included as a • Lack of availability of land for additional storage in condition of planning permission. SuDS is development areas useful as a means of reducing run-off, • Unlikely to be a stand-alone answer limiting pollution, improving biodiversity • Implications for future maintenance costs and recharging of the aquifer. It may be possible to increase the required specification of SuDS at each site to contribute to the overall flood defence strategy. 6.6.6 Groundwater Recharge Globally artificial recharge of groundwater • Potential contamination of aquifers by the introduction of is a widespread technique used to increase floodwaters high in suspended solids and other contaminants. groundwater reserves. In many areas of the • Particular benefits where water for abstraction is currently in world there is also considerable interest in short supply the feasibility of capturing flood waters for • Rate of recharge likely to have minimal impact on flood peak groundwater recharge. However, there are • Cost of treating flood waters prior to diverting to groundwater potential problems with poor water quality, • The large cost of the engineering works in particular suspended solids. • Impacts of increased groundwater recharge on archaeology would need to be assessed. Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment. September 2003 27
  • 7. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report OPTION IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS 6.6.7 Underground Tanks In theory underground tanks could be • Disposal of the spoil constructed to store flood waters. • Environmental impacts during construction • Unlikely to be practical (size) or cost-effective • Process required to empty tanks after flood events so available for subsequent events 6.6.8 Tributary Storage On large river systems like the Derwent • Secondary impacts may be difficult to predict, including rainfall is often remote from the actual flooding on tributaries areas that experience the flooding. In some • Extended catchment modelling may be required to assess circumstances it may be possible to apply effectiveness of measures on tributaries. one or more of the measures discussed herein to retain or slow the passage of water along the tributaries. Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment. September 2003 28
  • 8. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report OPTION IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS 6.6.9 Removal of Obstructions Structures in the flood plain can take up • Adverse impacts in terms of landscape, aesthetic and space or exclude areas that could otherwise recreational value be used for storage. Obstructions may • Significant biodiversity benefits could be gained by extending include existing infrastructure including off-line storage to the natural flood plain, where this would not abandoned roads and railways (particularly compromise existing biodiversity interest those on embankments), redundant flood • Possible use for irrigation defences, and spoil heaps, tips etc. The • Possible aesthetic benefits removal of obstructions may be extended • High on going costs to the purchase of property for subsequent • Large areas required to be able to provide required volume demolition. Even straw left on fields can • Location and level relative to the river is critical create blockages in hedges and fences. • Some structures may provide informal flood defence • Abandoned areas often have become important wildlife habitat/corridors or can be important historical/archaeological sites 6.7 Protection (walls and banks) 6.7.1 Defences (walls/banks) Defences are most likely to be appropriate • Adverse impacts in terms of visual, aesthetic, archaeological, in urban locations, and may be a recreational and ecological value sustainable solution, particularly where • The consequences of over-topping or failure can be enhancement or regeneration can be catastrophic. incorporated. Defences include concrete, • Can provide a physical barrier within a community or brick or stone-faced walls, earth severance of agricultural land embankments (always with an impervious • Impacts associated with extended construction periods core) and demountable barriers. Existing • Can assist in urban regeneration defences could also be improved to • Provision of flood storage compensation mitigation for loss of provide increased defence to areas already flood plain behind defences required protected. Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment. September 2003 29
  • 9. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report OPTION IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS 6.8 Improved conveyance including diversion 6.8.1 Weirs and Sluices Weirs have generally been installed to • .Landscape and recreational impacts (eg. angling, watersports) control water levels, for mills and to aid • Changing flow speeds and bed levels by removing weirs can navigation. They can also be used to slow significantly affect the ecology of the river and the integrity of river flows along a river. Adjustable weirs riverside structures provide a flexible way of managing water • Navigability of river will need to be maintained levels. Removal of weirs could improve • Existing weirs may be of historic significance the conveyance of flood waters. • Weirs are not likely to provide a significant solution to flood management 6.8.2 Dredging The river channel could in theory be • Significant environmental consequences including changes to dredged along its length to increase river channel and bank habitats, and water quality problems capacity and improve flow in flood events. during dredging Dredging options could either be a one-off • Disposal of dredged material and release of contaminants lowering of the bed level along part or all • Bridges, weirs and other structures adjacent to river would be of the Derwent or an on-going impacted maintenance programme. • Crest of existing weirs may need to be lowered • Loss of visual and recreational amenity (loss of channel vegetation and water level falling significantly below bank level during normal flows) • May increase erosion of adjacent river banks • Constraints include crest levels of existing weirs and stability of existing riverside structures • Unlikely to have a significant effect, the river is normally only a small proportion of the flood plain cross-section • Unsustainable and unlikely to be cost-effective. Long term financial maintenance commitment required • Further investigation on the degree and impact of siltation downstream required Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment. September 2003 30
  • 10. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report OPTION IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS 6.8.3 River Re-profiling Involves re-profiling the river channel to • Issues as dredging plus: either speed up flows (primarily in the • Environmental impacts, particularly on biodiversity and middle and lower reaches) or retard flows conservation could be negative during construction but (primarily in the upper reaches) in order to positive following construction de-synchronise flood peaks. This might be • Potential for negative impacts on archaeology achieved by easing tight bends or by • Compensation required to landowners for land take and introducing or re-introducing features such severance as meanders and islands. • Constraints of existing infrastructure e.g. canals, railways 6.8.4 River Maintenance River maintenance includes management • Impacts of spoil disposal of riverbank trees, localised dredging of • Can have significant biodiversity and amenity impacts at a shoals/silt at key points, and the removal of local scale and even national scale depending on length of channel obstructions including debris and river affected emergent vegetation where they contribute • Landscape and recreational user (eg. angling) impacts to flooding. • Short and long term water quality impacts • Difficult to model and therefore to quantify effects • High maintenance costs 6.8.5 Flow Diversion Diversion channels (or tunnel/culvert) • As river re-profiling plus: could be cut to divert excess flood water • Potential for positive and negative environmental impacts away from a vulnerable area or bottlenecks • If a constant base flow was maintained new channels could be by constructing a bypass. used as fish passes • Feasibility will depend on the gradient of the river and hence the size of diversion • New channels could be un-natural and unsustainable Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment. September 2003 31
  • 11. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report OPTION IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS 6.8.6 Flow Diversion (Cromford Canal) The Cromford Canal runs from Cromford • Changes hydrology of adjacent catchment and crosses the River Derwent towards • Restoration of canal Whatstandwell and Ambergate. From here • Canal capacity may not be sufficient the canal heads east and leaves the • Technical problems – inflow, velocities, locks etc Derwent catchment at Ripley. The • SSSI status Cromford Canal is linked with the Erewash canal to the River Trent. 6.8.7 Flow Diversion (Rivelin Transfer) Yorkshire Water currently abstract from • Impacts on hydrology of adjacent catchment the Derwent catchment at Bamford to • Shared cost of infrastructure (water resources & flood relief) Rivelin, west of Sheffield. It is possible • Working with Yorkshire Water that the rate of abstraction could be increased at times of flood to reduce the flood risk. 6.9 Floodplain management, including development control 6.9.1 Managed Retreat In some areas long term flood defence may • Issues will be as those for off line storage (6.6.1) not be sustainable and managed retreat will • May be conflicts with wildlife/archaeological/agricultural be a solution. This will effectively involve interests restoring part or whole of the flood plain at • Existence of appropriate locations a location whilst continuing to provide protection to the land behind. Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment. September 2003 32
  • 12. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report OPTION IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS 6.9.2 Development Control Greater planning control is being used to • Restricted development opportunities and associated increase prevent inappropriate development in flood in land costs plain areas. Development elsewhere in the • Impacts on local economy if future development restricted catchment may also affect flooding (e.g. • Reduction in insurance premiums in flood plains through increased run-off etc.) and • Where development is permitted mitigation measures must be therefore may need to be controlled. applied to ensure that there is no loss of flood storage, no PPG25 provides guidance to Local increase in run-off and that the site can be safely evacuated in Planning Authorities on the control of the event of flooding development in flood risk areas. • Mitigation measures should enhance biodiversity, improve the landscape, and increase the recreational value of the area • Local Planning Authorities not the Environment Agency make the final decisions on planning applications • Accuracy of the indicative flood plain maps • More modelling would be required to improve accuracy 6.9.3 Relocation Involves demolition of undefended • Disruption to people’s lives, jobs property, relocation of those affected. • Landscape impacts • Disposal of materials • Sustainable alternative outcome • Only feasible at a small scale Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment. September 2003 33
  • 13. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report OPTION IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS 6.9.4 Changes in Land Management It is thought (although not quantified) that • May result in changes to existing landscape character reducing the intensity and nature of • Drains may be of historical interest agricultural practices will reduce surface • Potential positive impacts for conservation and biodiversity water run-off. Changes in the mechanisms • May have indirect recreational benefits by which farming subsidies are made are • Option offers a high level of sustainability seen as being influential in reducing this • Changing land use is likely to be a lengthy process. intensity. Other measures include grip Opportunities may have to be utilised as they arise blocking and generally reverting existing • Research needed to quantify what effect the changes might drainage improvements. have on surface water run-off and flooding • The cost to farming communities of, in particular, de- intensifying upland farming • Achievability/take up may be difficult to determine. Will need political will and support from the farming community and associated government departments • Support of the expansion of existing agri-environmental grant schemes to be provided by the Environment Agency and other statutory and non-statutory organisations 6.9.5 Best Farming Practices 'Best Farming Practice' is synonymous • Reduction in flood flows are not likely to be significant with good environmental care of air, soil • Unlikely to be significant adverse effects on agriculture from and water. Good soil husbandry, cropping these potential solutions as most are already well accepted as practices and general management will 'best practice' reduce the risk of soil damage (loss of • Positive impacts on water quality structure) and can result in reduced run-off • Opportunity to fulfil new farming policy of reducing erosion. production and increasing sensitive environmental practice (eg. reducing overgrazing to allow reversion of marginal land) • Changing in tilling technology (deep) may conflict with the minimum tillage strategies being developed by English Heritage to reduce the risk to archaeological sites from mechanical damage • Achievability/take up may be difficult to determine. Will need support from the farming community and associated government departments Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment. September 2003 34
  • 14. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report OPTION IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS 6.9.6 Afforestation/flood plain woodlands It is generally believed that the existence • Woodlands would catch debris being washed downstream but of forests in upper catchments helps to would create additional debris (leaf fall, branches etc.) alleviate flood problems. In most situations • Impacts of extensive afforestation on landscape, archaeology, trees are known to increase interception historic sites losses and hence reduce net rainfall, reduce • Impacts on water quality (reduced erosion) soil water content, increase filtration rates • Uptake and locking up of contaminants at the soil's surface, and affect snowmelt • Likely to benefit BAP targets rates. • Subsidies/compensation for the planting of woodland on agricultural land or other land use • Likely that large areas of afforestation would be required • May adversely affect water resource e.g. in the time of summer low flows • Possible conflicts with other conservation objectives e.g. washlands • Would need to be sited carefully as increased attenuation may exacerbate flooding, see 6.3 6.10 Flood proofing Involves making buildings less susceptible • Flood risks and environmental & economic impacts, if to flood damage, and use of flood defences lowered. still remain as an integral part of the building. Includes • Could be done in combination with post flood refitting personal or local flood protection measures • Relies on good flood forecasting & warning including portable flood barriers and • Implementation cannot be enforced plastic door guards. Alternative, less • Who pays – residents or government susceptible building material should be • Modification to listed buildings used and costly elements placed above flood level (electrical appliances & sockets, heating boiler). Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment. September 2003 35
  • 15. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report OPTION IMPACTS/OPPORTUNITIES/CONSTRAINTS 6.11 Flood warning & awareness 6.11.1 Flood Warning Flood warning may be suitable where good • Flood impacts (environmental and economic), if lowered, still forecasting data is available and there is remain. sufficient time lag between the storm and • Reliable and accurate forecasting & dissemination is necessary flooding to assemble a warning. • A member of the individual household may not be available to be warned • Individuals may not be physically able to respond to the warning • Individuals may not know how to respond effectively 6.11.2 Flood Awareness In some locations improved flood • Flood impacts (environmental and economic), if lowered, still awareness may be an appropriate measure. remain People may be more ready to respond if • Education on flooding issues they are aware of the risks. This could • Disseminating the message involve advertising locations and levels of • Avoid causing alarm protection and measure that could be taken to minimise risks. Please comment on: Flood alleviation options, including impacts and opportunities of each Partnerships that could develop through mutual objectives Funding availability for scheme enhancements and opportunities Note photographs not of the Derwent catchment. September 2003 36
  • 16. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report 7.0 DATA COLLECTION Data, including Geographical Information System (GIS) data, were provided through the Environment Agency, preliminary consultation or the internet. The following represents a list of key documents identified to date, which are of relevance to the strategy. 1) Autumn 1998 Flood Event 22nd October to 8th November 1998 – Midlands Region. Environment Agency 2) A Strategy for Sustainable Land Management in England. Countryside Agency Publications 3) Biodiversity Action Plan for the Peak District 4) Biodiversity Action Plan for Mid Derbyshire 5) Derby City Local Plan 6) Derbyshire County Council Structure Plan 7) Derbyshire County Council Minerals Plan 8) Derbyshire County Council Waste Plan 9) Derbyshire County Council Transport Plan 10) Derbyshire Derwent Local Environment Agency Plan – Consultation Report February1998 11) Derwent Valley Mills Management Plan 12) Easter 1998 Flood Event 7th April to 13th April 1998 – Midlands Region. Environment Agency 13) English Nature – Natural Areas in the East Midlands Region 14) Flood Report 28th October to 20th November 2000 – Midlands Region. Environment Agency 15) Flood Survey (Midlands Region) – March 97 (Main and Ordinary watercourses) 16) Hydrometric Report – Midlands Region 17) Introduction to the History of Floods and Droughts of the Trent Basin. HR Potter 18) Local Authority Plans – Derbyshire City Council 19) Local Authority Plans – South Derbyshire District Council 20) Local Authority Plans – Borough of High Peak Council 21) Local Authority Plans – Chesterfield Borough Council 22) Local Authority Plans – Erewash Borough Council 23) Local Authority Plans – Derbyshire Dales District Council 24) Local Authority Plans – Amber Valley Borough Council 25) Local Authority Plans – North East Derbyshire District Council 26) Managing Water Abstraction – The Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy Process July 2002. Environment Agency 27) Peak District National Park Management Plan (Strategy 2000 – 2005) 28) Regional Planning Guidance for the East Midlands (RPG8) 29) Report of The Floods of December 1965 – Trent River Authority 30) Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation in Derbyshire – Derbyshire Wildlife Trust 31) The State of the Countryside – East Midlands. Countryside Agency Publications Please advise us if there are other key documents that may be of use September 2003 37
  • 17. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report 8.0 COMMUNICATION PLAN COMMUNICATION PLAN Scheme Name: Derwent Strategy Client Manager: Malcolm Boardman EIA Officer: Mark Ross Scheme No: 3036 Project Manager: Mark Jackson Environmental Claire Leather Environment Agency Co-ordinator: Black & Veatch Start Date: May 2003 Project Manager: Warwick Dale Black & Veatch Stage Aim of Communication Stakeholders Method of Dates Responsibility Expected outcome or Consultation for action undertaking and preparing consultation Screening To establish internally Project team Project start-up 24th June The Agency Comment on data within the Agency initial meeting brainstorm 2003 collection register, comment on the proposed recommendations on scope of the SEA and potential consultees, extent of consultation Scoping Introduce Scoping and Statutory Introductory letter 11th July– 30 B&V but issued Awareness among key inform organisations of Consultees/ Key September by Agency consultees of Strategy Derwent Strategy, obtain Stakeholders 2003 and early input into preliminary comment and Scoping Report data on existing conditions, Wider potential impacts and organisations and opportunities and propose public interest date that Scoping Report groups will be issued for comment. September 2003 38
  • 18. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report Stage Aim of Communication Stakeholders Method of Dates Responsibility Expected outcome or Consultation for action undertaking and preparing consultation Follow up communication Statutory Telephone call/e- Ongoing B&V Provision of data and to request data and Consultees/ Key mail during information to guide information to guide the Stakeholders July & production of Scoping production of the scoping August 2003 Report report as necessary Wider organisations and public interest groups To request data and Internal Agency Letter/e- Ongoing B&V Provision of data and information to guide the staff mail/telephone call during July & information to guide production of the scoping August 2003 production of Scoping report as necessary Report To gain Agency feedback Internal Agency Draft Scoping 22 August B&V Revision of Scoping and further input into staff (MJ/MR & Report 2003 Report to reflect Scoping Study others as requested) Agency feedback To gain further Agency Internal Agency Draft Scoping Issue w/c 1 B&V Revision of Scoping feedback and further input staff Report September Report to reflect into Scoping Study 2003 Agency feedback To further communicate Statutory Issue Scoping Consultation B&V and Revision of Scoping aim and objective of the Consultees/ Key Report responses Agency Report to reflect Derwent Strategy, the Stakeholders requested by consultee feedback, current understanding of 28 October provision of further study area and to encourage Wider 2003 data and information further responses with organisations and and recommendations relevant information and public interest for additional suggestions for flood groups and the consultees management general public September 2003 39
  • 19. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report Stage Aim of Communication Stakeholders Method of Dates Responsibility Expected outcome or Consultation for action undertaking and preparing consultation To provide a summary of Statutory Post Consultation Issue 15th B&V Update and consultation responses. Consultees/ Key Report October 2003 communication of Stakeholders, feedback on Scoping Wider Report organisations and public interest groups and the general public To provide background Agency staff (MJ & Summary Report Issue 17 B&V Summary of data and information to Scoping Report MR) October 2003 information collected and proposed scope of for Scoping Study and Strategy to be used in Strategy. Provide information on Agency staff Introductory letter TBA Strategy production Statutory Consultees/ Key Stakeholders, Wider organisations and public interest groups and the general public Draft Strategy Report Agency staff Strategy Report September 2003 40
  • 20. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report Stage Aim of Communication Stakeholders Method of Dates Responsibility Expected outcome or Consultation for action undertaking and preparing consultation Strategy Report Agency staff Strategy Report Statutory Consultees/ Key Stakeholders, Wider organisations and public interest groups and the general public September 2003 41
  • 21. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report 9.0 LIST OF CONSULTEES 47) National Trust 48) Network Rail 1) Acordis UK Ltd 49) North East Derbyshire District 2) Aggregate Industries UK Council* 3) Amateur Rowing Association 50) Peak District National Park * + 4) Amber Valley Borough Council * 51) Peak Forest Parish Council 5) Association of Drainage Authorities* 52) Peak & Northern Footpath Society 6) Belper Town Council 53) Ramblers Association 7) British Canoe Union 54) Rowsley Parish Council 8) British Waterways 55) Royal Yachting Association* 9) Castleton Parish Council 56) RSPB * 10) Chesterfield Borough Council * 57) Salmon & Trout Association 11) Council for the Protection of Rural 58) Sheffield City Council England (CPRE) 59) South Darley Parish Council 12) Country Land & Business Association 60) South Derbyshire District Council * (East Midlands) 61) Seven Trent Water Ltd * + 13) Cromford Parish Council 62) South Derbyshire District Council * 14) The Countryside Agency (East 63) Town and Parish Councils Midlands Region) * + 64) Trent & Peak Archaeological Trust 15) Darley Dale Town Council 65) Turnditch & Windley Parish Council 16) Derby City Council * 66) Woodland Trust 17) Derby & Sandiacre Canal Trust 67) Yorkshire Water 18) Derby Rowing Club 19) Derbyshire County Counci 20) Derbyshire Dales District Council * The general public have access to the 21) Derbyshire Wildlife Trust * + Scoping Report via the Environment 22) Derbyshire Valley Mills Partnership Agency website. The document is 23) Derwent Hydroelectric also available to view at a selection 24) Derwent Rowing Club of libraries in the catchment. 25) Derwent Valley Trust 26) Derwent Valley Mills Partnership 27) DEFRA (Environment Agency to consult) 28) District of Bolsover 29) Duffield Parish Council 30) East Midlands Conservancy (Forestry) 31) East Midlands Development Agency 32) Elvaston Parish Council 33) English Heritage * 34) English Nature * + 35) Erewash Borough Council * 36) Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group (FWAG) 37) Forestry Commission 38) Friends of Cromford Canal* + 39) Government Office for the East Midlands Please advise us if there are any other organizations 40) High Peak Borough Council * + that should be consulted. 41) Inland Waterway Association 42) Little Eaton Parish Council 43) Matlock Canoe Club * Consultee contacted at pre-scoping stage 44) Matlock Parish Council + Consultee replied 45) National Farmers Union (NFU) 46) National Federation of Anglers (East Midlands Regional Council) September 2003 42
  • 22. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report 10.0 PRE PAID ADDRESS LABEL September 2003 43
  • 23. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report 11.0 SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION ISSUES Please use the space on this sheet to make notes and you may wish to return this to us. The Environment Agency would value your comments on the following issues so far raised on the Derwent Strategy Study. • Your experience of flooding in the catchment and damage caused (Section 3.1) • Relationship between flooding from land drainage and high river levels (Section 3.1) • Benefits of flooding, for example, the enrichment of soils (Section 3.1) • Flood defences that the Agency may not be aware of (Section 3.2) • Any weaknesses/deficiencies in existing defences that you know of (Section 3.2) • Do you know of any other flood impacts on the Derwent? (Section 3.3) • Have you any experience of impacts as a result of the Derwent flooding, or know others who have? (Section 3.3) • Can you comment on economic cost of impacts as a result of the Derwent flooding? (Section 3.3) • Experience of these changes (Section 3.4) • Impacts of these changes (Section 3.4) • Any landscapes which have been or could be affected by flood management (Section 4.1) • Key impacts of flood management options on the Derwent landscape (Section 4.1) • Opportunities for landscape restoration, as part of flood management schemes (Section 4.1) • Opportunities for enhancement and/or partnership (Section 4.1) • The impacts of recent and historical flooding in the catchment on soils (Section 4.2) • Flooding where the main source can be identified as being ground water (Section 4.2) • Your knowledge of water quality problems resulting from flooding and how these could be avoided (Section 4.3) • Opportunities and techniques to protect and improve water quality, as part of flood management activities (Section 4.3) • Highways which are affected by flooding (Section 4.4) • Transport infrastructure that exacerbates flooding (eg. bridges) (Section 4.4) • Plans for new transport infrastructure (Section 4.4) • The location of potentially contaminated land in the catchment and the nature of the contamination (Section 4.5.1) • History of contaminated land being disturbed by flood events (Section 4.5.1) • Situations where industry has been affected by flood events (Section 4.5.1) • Major events in agricultural and forestry which may have resulted in flooding problems (Section 4.5.2) • Other schemes and initiatives in operation in the area which seek to improve land management, particularly where this relates to the floodplain (Section 4.5.2) • The impacts of flooding or flood management activities on recreational activities (Section 4.5.3) • The impacts of recreational activities on flood management (Section 4.5.3) • Other recreational initiatives, especially those which focus on the water environment (Section 4.5.3) • Sites which are vulnerable to the effects of flooding and flood management activities (Section 4.6) • Sites which have been affected by flooding or flood management activities (Section 4.6) • Opportunities to protect and enhance sites (Section 4.6) • Cases where species or habitats have been affected by flooding or flood management activities. Please state your knowledge of both positive and negative effects (Section 4.7.1) • Other initiatives seeking to restore floodplain and water-dependent habitats in the catchment • Opportunities to integrate flood management with nature conservation (Section 4.7.1) • Other legislation, policies, plans and strategies which you think may be relevant to the Derwent Strategy (Section 5.4) • Flood alleviation options, including impacts and opportunities of each (Section 6.3) • Partnerships that could develop through mutual objectives (Section 6.3) • Funding availability for scheme enhancements and opportunities (Section 6.3) • Please advise us if there are other key documents that may be of use (Section 7.0) September 2003
  • 24. River Derwent Strategy Scoping Report Please use the space on this sheet to make notes and you may wish to return this to us. Please include the following information with any response: Name Position Organisation Address Telephone number Do you wish to be included in future consultation? All formal comment or representation relating to this document should be submitted by 28th October 2003 to: - Liz Galloway - Regional EIA Coordinator Environment Agency, Olton Court, 10 Warwick Road, Olton, Solihull B92 7HX September 2003