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SWEETWATER RESERVOIR
WATER STORAGE &
HABITAT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
RISK ASSESSMENT
San Diego County, California
Project Location


Dudek, 2010
Spring Valley




                                            San Diego
                                             National
                                          Wildlife Refuge




   Sweetwater
    Reservoir

                  San Diego
                   National
                Wildlife Refuge
                                         T. Murphree, July 2005



                              Vicinity
Purpose
• Evaluate the general effects of inundation on riparian
  habitat and riparian wildlife, with a focus on least Bell’s
  vireo (LBVI)
• Analyze the potential effects of Sweetwater Reservoir
  operations on suitable LBVI habitat1 and LBVI
  populations in the Sweetwater Reservoir Habitat
  Management Program (HMP) study area
• Utilize results as one component of a comprehensive
  Habitat Recovery Plan

  1willow riparian habitat characterized by a well-developed canopy and layered riparian understory
  comprised of willow scrub and mulefat scrub.
Incentive for Project
The Harris Fire exposed remnant sand
         mining topography
and hydrologic features




    . . . not conducive to successful,
                sustainable
. . . not conducive to successful,
      sustainable revegetation
HMP LBVI habitat
Phase 1 Focus
              Risk Assessment
• Stressor: Inundation
• Ecological Target:
  Suitable LBVI habitat
  and LBVI population
Phase 2

     Habitat Recovery Plan
     was developed based
    on the Risk Assessment
       and concurrently
    collected site data and
            studies
Approach
• Comprehensive literature review
• Case studies of regional reservoir sites
  – Loveland Reservoir
  – El Capitan Reservoir
  – Lake Hodges
  – Prado Reservoir
  – Lake Isabella


                                     El Capitan Reservoir, T. Murphree 2009
• Field visits to Upper Sweetwater Reservoir
  Habitat Management (HMP) Area
• Interviews with Sweetwater Authority Water
  Watershed Manager and operations staff
• Analysis of data on historic Sweetwater Reservoir
  water levels and LBVI occurrences
• Risk Characterization based on GIS modeling of
  various inundation scenarios


                                               T. Murphree
Concurrent activities included detailed
    topographic mapping using LiDAR
   technology and studies focused on
groundwater, surface hydrology, channel
 geomorphology, soil, and sediments in
             the reservoir.
Sweetwater Reservoir Hydrologic
      Conceptual Model
Sweetwater Reservoir Baseline
 Average Monthly Hydrograph
       with Standard Deviation
LBVI Population Size
  HMP Study Area
LBVI Habitat and Population
     Conceptual Model
Annual LBVI and Southwest Willow Flycatchers (SWFL) Lifecycles at Sweetwater Reservoir􀁩
                                          􀁩
Existing and Potentially Suitable
  LBVI Habitat and Territories
Inundation Characterization
•   Magnitude (i.e., inundation depth)
•   Frequency
•   Duration
•   Seasonality
•   Rate of change


                                         T. Murphree, 1995
Aggregate Risk Assessment
220’ Inundation Scenarios
Aggregate Risk Assessment
230’ Inundation Scenarios
Aggregate Risk Assessment
239’ Inundation Scenarios
Findings
• Inundation duration has the strongest effect on
  LBVI habitat (structure, composition, and tree
  mortality)
  – Inundation frequency, seasonality, and species/age-
    specific tolerances were also important
• Inundation depth and seasonality have the
  strongest effect on LBVI (settlement and
  productivity)
• LBVI habitat in the previously mowed reservoir
  bottom could be sustained given the anticipated
  reservoir flood regime
Conclusions
• Little or no inundation risk to suitable LBVI
  habitat and LBVI for a majority of the HMP
  area under current (baseline) and forecast
  reservoir operations
• Implementation of adaptive management
  strategies and effective reservoir management
  actions can protect LBVI habitat and
  populations from potential adverse effects of
  flooding due to reservoir operations

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Sweetwater Reservoir Habitat Recovery Plan Risk Assessment

  • 1. SWEETWATER RESERVOIR WATER STORAGE & HABITAT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM RISK ASSESSMENT San Diego County, California
  • 3. Spring Valley San Diego National Wildlife Refuge Sweetwater Reservoir San Diego National Wildlife Refuge T. Murphree, July 2005 Vicinity
  • 4. Purpose • Evaluate the general effects of inundation on riparian habitat and riparian wildlife, with a focus on least Bell’s vireo (LBVI) • Analyze the potential effects of Sweetwater Reservoir operations on suitable LBVI habitat1 and LBVI populations in the Sweetwater Reservoir Habitat Management Program (HMP) study area • Utilize results as one component of a comprehensive Habitat Recovery Plan 1willow riparian habitat characterized by a well-developed canopy and layered riparian understory comprised of willow scrub and mulefat scrub.
  • 6. The Harris Fire exposed remnant sand mining topography
  • 7. and hydrologic features . . . not conducive to successful, sustainable
  • 8. . . . not conducive to successful, sustainable revegetation
  • 10. Phase 1 Focus Risk Assessment • Stressor: Inundation • Ecological Target: Suitable LBVI habitat and LBVI population
  • 11. Phase 2 Habitat Recovery Plan was developed based on the Risk Assessment and concurrently collected site data and studies
  • 12. Approach • Comprehensive literature review • Case studies of regional reservoir sites – Loveland Reservoir – El Capitan Reservoir – Lake Hodges – Prado Reservoir – Lake Isabella El Capitan Reservoir, T. Murphree 2009
  • 13. • Field visits to Upper Sweetwater Reservoir Habitat Management (HMP) Area • Interviews with Sweetwater Authority Water Watershed Manager and operations staff • Analysis of data on historic Sweetwater Reservoir water levels and LBVI occurrences • Risk Characterization based on GIS modeling of various inundation scenarios T. Murphree
  • 14. Concurrent activities included detailed topographic mapping using LiDAR technology and studies focused on groundwater, surface hydrology, channel geomorphology, soil, and sediments in the reservoir.
  • 16. Sweetwater Reservoir Baseline Average Monthly Hydrograph with Standard Deviation
  • 17. LBVI Population Size HMP Study Area
  • 18. LBVI Habitat and Population Conceptual Model
  • 19. Annual LBVI and Southwest Willow Flycatchers (SWFL) Lifecycles at Sweetwater Reservoir􀁩 􀁩
  • 20. Existing and Potentially Suitable LBVI Habitat and Territories
  • 21. Inundation Characterization • Magnitude (i.e., inundation depth) • Frequency • Duration • Seasonality • Rate of change T. Murphree, 1995
  • 22. Aggregate Risk Assessment 220’ Inundation Scenarios
  • 23. Aggregate Risk Assessment 230’ Inundation Scenarios
  • 24. Aggregate Risk Assessment 239’ Inundation Scenarios
  • 25. Findings • Inundation duration has the strongest effect on LBVI habitat (structure, composition, and tree mortality) – Inundation frequency, seasonality, and species/age- specific tolerances were also important • Inundation depth and seasonality have the strongest effect on LBVI (settlement and productivity) • LBVI habitat in the previously mowed reservoir bottom could be sustained given the anticipated reservoir flood regime
  • 26. Conclusions • Little or no inundation risk to suitable LBVI habitat and LBVI for a majority of the HMP area under current (baseline) and forecast reservoir operations • Implementation of adaptive management strategies and effective reservoir management actions can protect LBVI habitat and populations from potential adverse effects of flooding due to reservoir operations