Resilient by Nature - Marco Pluijm 28062016

Marco Pluijm
Independent Specialist Port and Coastal Infrastructure
Source : Wikipedia
Resilient by Nature Climate Change Impact Solutions

Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Introduc3on

•  The
o5en
devasta2ng
eﬀects
of
hurricanes
and
other
climate

change
driven
extreme
events
are
widely
known,
also
because
of

the
media
coverage
they
get

•  Much
less
aBen2on
goes
to
those
coastal
systems,
which
are
able

to
survive
these
impacts
without
too
much
damage
or
no

signiﬁcant
damage
at
all,
and
recover
quickly
a5erwards

•  Those
systems
seem
to
have
their
own
natural
resiliency
built
in,

survive
and
recover,
2me
a5er
2me

•  Resilient
by
Nature
focuses
on
these
systems
and
on
how
to

translate
their
capabili2es
to
places
which
are
more
vulnerable

and
less
capable
to
cope
with
these
events

Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Resilience

•  The
ability
to
prepare
for
and
adapt
to
changing
condi2ons
and
to

withstand
and
recover
rapidly
from
one
or
more
disrup2ve

events

[Ref.
NIST,
Towards
a
More
Resilient
Community,
US
Dept.
of
Commerce,
October
2015]

Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Preparedness
and
Recovery

•  The
actual
eﬀect
of
a
major
extreme
event
on
a

coast
is
o5en
only
known
once
an
event
happens

•  A5er
assessing
the
damage
and
cleaning
up,
it
is

o5en
common
prac2ce
to
rebuild
what
was

damaged
or
destroyed,
usually
in
a
similar
way,

but
stronger.
Resiliency
translated
into
structural

strength

•  In
today’s
rapid
changing
world
of
climate
change

induced
extreme
events,
this
may
no
longer
be
a

scenario
to
choose
for

Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Adapta3on
and
Resiliency

•  Climate
Driven
Extreme
Events
seem
to
come
at

us
much
faster
than
originally
an2cipated
for

•  Their
occurrence
is
more
frequent,
dura2on
longer

and
with
increasing
intensi2es

•  Response
scenario’s
need
to
be
ﬂexible
enough
to

encounter
these
rapid
changes
and
related

impacts

•  Stronger
is
no
longer
by
deﬁni2on
the
way
to
go

•  Adap2ve
behaviour
is
what
it’s
all
about
and
so,

natural
resiliency

Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Resilient
by
Nature

•  Resilient
by
Nature
focuses
on
coastal
systems

which
are
able
to
survive
extreme
weather
events

over
and
over
again,
without
too
much
damage
or

no
damage
at
all,
and
to
recover
quickly
a5erwards

•  Analyzing
these
systems
and
transla2ng
their,
what

seem
to
be
unique
features,
into
more
generic

processes,
dimensions
and
guidelines

•  Building
up
a
Toolbox
with
what
appear
to
be

adequate
and
transferable
systems
or
system

components,
able
to
deal
with
climate
change

impacts

•  To
apply
them
in
geographical
areas
which
are
not

able
to
cope
so
well
with
these
climate
change

phenomena

•  In
order
to
enhance
their
resiliency
in
a
natural
way

Ref : wangateauharbour.org

Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Ref : Wikipedia
Coastal
Systems
Analyzed

•  Hurricane
Shaped
Barrier
Islands
A
number
of

barrier
islands
in
the
Mississippi
Delta
appear
to

have
a
built
in
natural
resilience
with
regard
to

frequent
hurricane
impacts.
Their
dimensions
and

and
processes
can
be
translated
into
more
generic

plan
and
design
guidelines

•  Eco
Shields
/
Mangroves
These
systems
are

renowned
for
their
natural
resiliency,
mainly
due
to

their
extensive
and
spread
out
root
systems.

Mangroves
are
very
eﬀec2ve
in
reducing
wave

impacts
and
therefore
in
protec2ng
vulnerable

coastlines.
They
can
be
grouped
into
eco-‐shields

where
condi2ons
are
favorable
an
suitable

Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Ref : ANP Extra

Ref : ntpressoffice.wordpress.com

Coastal
Systems
Analyzed

•  Dune
Coasts
Like
mangroves,
dune
coasts
are

renowned
for
their
natural
resiliency.
Due
to
their

natural
dynamics
and
flexibility
they
are
able
to

withstand
super-‐storms
and
recover
a5erwards.

The
physics
are
well
understood
and
documented

in
plan-‐
and
design
guidelines

•  Polder
Systems
Polders
in
this
respect
might
seem

to
be
a
bit
of
an
odd
one,
because
polders
by

defini2on
are
manmade.
S2ll
in
terms
of
natural

resiliency,
a
lot
can
be
learned
from
these
systems.

For
instance
how
their
structure
of
canals,
levies

and
buffers
manages
to
cope
with
extreme
events.

When
built
as
eco-‐polders,
addi2onal
features
can

be
built
in
to
enhance
overall
extreme
event,

weather
impact
resiliency

Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Ref : USGS

Ref : www.mumm.ac.be/NL/Monitoring

Resilient
by
Nature
Toolbox

•  Hurricane
Propor3oned
Barriers
Dauphin
Island

type
concepts
can
be
translated
into
hurricane

resistant
breakwater
solu2ons
and
other
coastal

infrastructure,
elsewhere.
Main
determining

parameters
are
width,
height,
length
and
rela2ve

undisturbed
ﬂow
over
and
around
the
barrier

island
during
the
event

•  Sequen3al
Breakwaters
In
analogy
with
natural

sand-‐waves,
submerged
oﬀshore
breakwaters
put

in
sequence,
equidistant
in
rela2on
to
the
wave

length,
period,
direc2on
and
an2-‐node
paBern.
Depending
on
the
local
condi2ons
built
as
sand

banks
or
as
hybrid
solu2ons
by
adding
hard

substrate
(rock/concrete
elements)
or
vegeta2on

(eco
shields)

Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Ref : www.mangrovesgy.org/home/

Ref
:
www.bndestem.nl/foto-‐s/

Ref
:
www.bndestem.nl/foto-‐s/

Resilient
by
Nature
Toolbox

•  Eco-‐shields
Strengthening
the
resiliency
of
a

natural
coastline
by
means
of
vegeta2on

(mangroves
or
other),
in
front
of
or
along
a

coastline.
In
case
the
habitat
condi2ons
are
not

directly
suitable
for
such
an
open
vegeta2on

solu2on,
a
combina2on
with
a
contained,
eco-‐
polder
type
approach

might
provide
those.

•  Impact
Relief
Polders
as
impact
relief
instrument,

actually
meant
to
get
flooded
during
extreme

events.
With
dikes
designed
as
spilling
levies
or

weirs.
Allowing
the
water
to
come
in
controlled,

reducing
and
slowing
down
the
direct
impact
on

the
coast
behind,
while
the
polder
fills
up
with

seawater
or
storm-‐water
run
off.
Vegeta2on
in
the

polder
can
enhance
the
degree
of
protec2on.

Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Ref:GoogleEarth Ref:GoogleEarth
Ref : www.bndestem.nl/foto-s/

Resilient
by
Nature
Toolbox

•  Natural
Discharge
Polder
Apart
from
reducing

direct
wave
impacts,
a polder
can
also
be
used
for

temporary
(storm)water
storage
and
enhanced

flushing
via
controlled
discharge.

In
analogy
with
a

facility
which
is
in
use
in
Germany,
at
Neßmersiel.

Where
a
polder
(or:
Spülsee)
gets
flooded
with
the

daily
2des
and
discharges
each
2me
once
filled
up,

keeping
the
naviga2on
channel
open
for
already
30

years.
Such
(semi-‐)
natural,
gravity
driven
storage

and
flush
mechanism
can
provide
relief
in
flood

prone
urban
areas,
mangrove
zones,
ports
and

fairways,
suffering
from
(frequent)
post
event

silta2on
or
accumula2on
of
post
event
debris

Ref : www.chec.bj.cn

Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Resilient
by
Nature
Toolbox

•  Offshore
Structures
/
Ports
Changes
wave

condi2ons
are
another
climate
change
induced

effect.
In
par2cular
the
rapid
changes
in
long
wave

energy.
Causing
an
increase
in
down2me
in

affected
ports,
in
par2cular
in
the
handling
of

container
vessels.
One
of
the
op2ons
to
deal
with

this
effect
and
make
these
ports
more
resilient,
is

to
push
the
affected
port
infrastructure
out
to

deeper
water. In
addi2on,
during
and
a5er

extreme
events,
offshore
ports
can
provide
the

necessary
backup
in
terms
of
deep-‐water
port

infrastructure,
needed
for
delivery
of
goods
and

equipment
immediately
a5er
an
extreme
event

and
to
serve
as
Disaster
Mi2ga2on
Support
Facility.

Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Connec3ng
Landscapes

•  Coastal
areas
usually
host
a
great

deal
of
func2ons

•  Many
of
them
changing
their
shape

and
appearance
with
2me

•  Being
very
much
a
4-‐Dimensional

environment

•  BeBer
to
talk
about
changing

landscapes
rather
than
discrete

func2ons

•  Naming
resiliency
capabili2es
and

needs
of
coastal
areas
is
done

according
to
the
method
of

“Connec2ng
Landscapes”

•  The
Greek
symbol
“δ”
stands
for

variety
and
change.

Resilient
by
Nature
Example
Case
/
New
York

www.ibtimes.com
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Inundation
Flooding
Inundated Port Facilities
Hurricane Proportioned Barrier
Impact Relief Eco-Polder
Sequential Breakwaters
Offshore Port Infrastructure
Impact

Resilient
by
Nature
Tool

Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Inundation
Inundation
Flooding
Natural Discharge Polder
Resilient
by
Nature
Example
Case
/
New
York
(con3nued)

Impact

Resilient
by
Nature
Tool

Ref : Plan International Australia
Ref : www.sbs.com.au
Ref : www.wordlbanktravellor
Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Coastal Erosion
Flooding
Inundation
Mangroves / Eco-Shields
Natural Discharge Polder
Resilient
by
Nature
Example
Case
/
Vanuatu

Impact

Resilient
by
Nature
Tool

Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Economy

•  The
economics
behind
what’s
feasible
or
not
will
mainly
be

determined
on
the
basis
of
what’s
already
there,
how
much

modifica2on
is
required
and
what
natural
resiliency
component(s)

to
add,
including
related
planning
and
2me
scales

•  Balanced
against
the
immense
costs
of
the
material
and
immaterial

damage
each
major
event
causes
[Ref.
:
Hurricane
Sandy,
2012,
USD
75

Billion]

•  Supported
by
comprehensive
risk
assessment
and
cost/benefit

analyses,
based
on
the
rapid
increase
in
climate
change
induced

extreme
events,
rather
than
steady
growth
along
trend
lines

•  The
Resilient
by
Nature
approach
is
flexible,
fully
scalable
to
local

needs,
means
and
possibili2es,
thanks
to
its
unique
natural
system

based
characteris2cs

Source : Daily News
Source : Daily News
Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Conclusions
(1)

•  Climate
change
induced
extreme
weather
events,
such
as

hurricanes,
come
at
much
greater
pace
and
intensity
than
so
far

was
an2cipated
for

•  As
a
consequence
of
which
the
aﬀected
coastal
zones
are
more

vulnerable
than
expected,
thus
o5en
facing
massive
damages

•  However,
some
coastal
systems
seem
to
be
able
to
survive
these

extreme
events
over
and
over
again,
without
too
much
damage
or

no
damage
at
all

•  These
systems
have
been
taken
as
base
for
the
Resilient
by
Nature

approach

Source : Daily News
Source : Daily News
Marco Pluijm
Resilient
by
Nature
Climate
Change
Impact
Solu2ons

Conclusions
(2)

•  Transla2ng
the
characteris2cs
of
those
natural
systems
into

solu2ons
for
equally
exposed,
less
resilient
areas
elsewhere

•  Stronger
is
no
longer
by
deﬁni2on
the
way
to
go.
Adap2ve

behaviour
is
what
it’s
all
about
and
so,
natural
resiliency.

•  Resilient
by
Nature
provides
the
tools
and
experience
to
do
so
in
a

tailor
made,
phased
and
scalable,
sustainable
and
cost
eﬀec2ve

manner

Reference
:
“Resilient
by
Nature,
Climate
Change
Extreme
Event
Impact
Resilient

Coastal
Infrastructure,
an
Innova2ve
Approach”,
Marco
Pluijm,
June
2016

For
more
informa2on
:
pluijm64@gmail.com

Resilient by Nature - Marco Pluijm 28062016

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