Presentasi Riswanda

1. Bridging the research-policy gap
How PAR can create greater capacity for
policy-making, uptake and utilization of
academics — policy makers research
Joint Research Corporation
BP3IPTEK WEST JAVA — FLINDERS UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA
GOVERNOR OF WEST JAVA PROVINCE AND GOVERNOR OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Dr Riswanda
Public Policy Analyst
Department of Public Administration
Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University

2. Overview
• The problem
• Challenges
• Addressing challenges in linking research to policy and
practice (bridging ‘the gap between researchers and
policy makers)
• Innovators at the country level in linking research to
policy and practice
• Participatory Action Research
• Thinking about the future
2

3. • Just too much of it and not always
what you need
• Multiple parallel demands
• Information goes up and never
comes down
• Key consumers of information not
being served:
– Policy makers
– Public Sector Managers
Managers
– Service Providers
– General public
The Changing Global Environment
Drowning in data!

5. The Problem- Know-Do Gap

7. The Changing Global Environment
Bridging the know-do gap…

8. Why Research is not used?
• The divide between researchers and policy makers
• Research results are not presented in a user friendly form
(comprehensible and credible) for the potential users.
• Results are not available in a timely manner
• Failure or inadequate dissemination (to whom and through which
channels?)
• What criteria are used to adopt new intervention (resulting from
research).
• How should an intervention be evaluated during implementation

9. Challenges in Linking Research to Policy
1. Research competes with many
other factors in the policymaking
process and research isn’t
valued as an information input
[General climate for research
use]
2. Research evidence isn’t
relevant [Production]
3. Research evidence isn’t easy to
use [Translation] 9

10. Challenges
• Many proven interventions
(cheap and cost effective)
remain inaccessible.
- And do not reach those
who need them most.
- Are hardly used at all
- Widespread
implementation may take
years or decades

11. Efforts to Bridge the Know-Do-Gap
• Research-policy initiative
• Supporting use of research
evidence or policy in Jawa
Barat governmental systems
• Participatory Action Research

12. The Value of PAR
PAR is more of an approach than a method of inquiry.
It [PAR] is about jointly producing knowledge with others to produce critical
interpretations and readings of the world, which are accessible,
understandable to all those involved and actionable. (Paul Chatterton,
Duncan Fuller & Paul Routledge, 2007)
What this research tradition provides is a shared commitment to
fundamentally disrupt conventional hierarchies of knowledge production:
who decides on the questions to ask, how to ask them, and how to theorise
the world.
Liberatory – PAR seeks to ‘liberate’ participants to have a greater
awareness of their situation in order to take action, although for some
researchers the emphasis on liberation will be tempered;
PAR is not just another method – more an orientation to inquiry – this means
that many different methods are possible (quantitative and qualitative);

13. Focus on change
a focus on change – commitment
to participate with people to
improve and understand the
world by changing it (McIntyre-
Mills 2008) although there are
differences between researchers
as to the scale of that change and
the degree to which it is focused
on promoting democracy and
reducing inequality;

14. context-specific
• context-specific – it is generally
targeted around the needs of a
particular group although this
can vary in size from small teams
to projects encompassing entire
communities;

15. emphasis on collaboration
• emphasis on collaboration –
researchers and participants
working together to examine
a problematic situation or
action to change it for the
better, although there are
differences in opinion as to
how much collaboration is
possible or necessary;

16. a cyclical process
• a cyclical process – an iterative cycle of
research, action and reflection (Kindon et al,
2006) underpins the research process although
it is not always clear how this happens in
practice; participants are competent and
reflexive and capable of participating in the
entire research process although researchers
may adopt different standards as to the level of
participation that ‘qualifies’ as PAR;
knowledge is generated through participants’
collective efforts and actions;

17. Liberatory
• Liberatory – PAR seeks to
‘liberate’ participants to have a
greater awareness of their
situation in order to take
action, although for some
researchers the emphasis on
liberation will be tempered;

18. Evidence
briefs
Systematic
reviews of
research
Individual studies,
articles and reports
Basic, theoretical and
methodological innovations
18
Addressing the Challenge

19. PAR Addressing Challenge
– Policymakers lack forums where challenges can be discussed with
stakeholders and researchers
• One option (among many) for addressing challenge
– Plan deliberative dialogues at which PAR serve as the starting point
for off-the-record deliberations involving policymakers, stakeholders
(including citizens), researchers and others
19

22. References
• Chatterton, P., Fuller, D., & Routledge, P. (2007). Relating action to activism: Theoretical and methodological reflections. In S. Kindon, R. Pain, & Kesby, M.
(2007). Participatory action research approaches and methods: connecting people, participation and place. Routledge studies in human geography, 22. London:
Routledge.
• Cornwall, A., & Jewkes, R. (1995). What is participatory research? Social Science & Medicine, 41(12): 1667-1676. Post on this paper.
• Greenwood, D. J., Whyte, W. F., & Harkavy, I. (1993). Participatory Action Research as a Process and as a Goal. Human Relations, 46 (2), 175.
• James, A. (2008). Participatory Action Research Video Presentation.
• Kindon, S. L., Pain, R., & Kesby, M. (2007). Participatory action research approaches and methods: connecting people, participation and place. Routledge
studies in human geography, 22. London: Routledge.
• McIntyre, A. (2008). Participatory action research. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
• McTaggart, R. (1989) 16 Tenets of Participatory Action Research
• Geraldine Pratt in collaboration with the Philippine Women Centre of BC and Ugnayan Kabataany Pilipino sa Canada/Filipino- Canadian Youth Alliance,
(2007). Working with migrant communities: collaborating with the Kalayaan Centre in Vancouver, Canada. In S. Kindon, R. Pain, & Kesby, M. (2007).
Participatory action research approaches and methods: connecting people, participation and place. Routledge studies in human geography, 22. London:
Routledge.
• Reason, P., & Bradbury, H. (2001). Handbook of action research: participative inquiry and practice. London: SAGE.
• Swantz, M. 1996. A personal position paper on participatory research: Personal quest for living knowledge. Qualitative Inquiry, 2(1): 120-136. Post on this
paper.
• Wadsworth, Y. (1998). What is Participatory Action Research? Action Research International, Paper 2. Post on this Paper