Risk assessment involves identifying hazards, analyzing associated risks, and determining appropriate controls. It is an important part of occupational health and safety management. The key steps are: 1) Identify hazards that could cause harm 2) Determine who may be affected and how 3) Evaluate risks and take action to reduce them, making a record of findings 4) Review risk assessments periodically to ensure safe practices are followed as work changes The overall aim is to evaluate hazards and remove them or minimize risks through controls, creating a safer workplace by understanding what could happen and taking steps to prevent harm.

1. BFR 33002
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH
RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
Ar. Mohd Jamil Bin Mohd Hamberi

2. RISKY HAZARD ON CONSTRUCTION SITE

3. Risk assessment is a term used to describe the overall process or method
where you:
o Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm
(hazard identification).
o Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard (risk analysis, and
risk evaluation).
o Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk when
the hazard cannot be eliminated (risk control).
A risk assessment is a thorough look at your workplace to identify those things,
situations, processes, etc. that may cause harm, particularly to people. After
identification is made, you analyze and evaluate how likely and severe the risk
is. When this determination is made, you can next, decide what measures
should be in place to effectively eliminate or control the harm from happening.
WHAT IS RISK ASSESSMENT ?

4. WHY IS RISK ASSESSMENT IMPORTANT?
o Risk assessments are very important as they form an integral part of an occupational health
and safety management plan. They help to:
o Create awareness of hazards and risk.
o Identify who may be at risk (e.g., employees, cleaners, visitors, contractors, the public, etc.).
o Determine whether a control program is required for a particular hazard.
o Determine if existing control measures are adequate or if more should be done.
o Prevent injuries or illnesses, especially when done at the design or planning stage.
o Prioritize hazards and control measures.
o Meet legal requirements where applicable.

5. What are the five steps to risk assessment?
oStep 1: Identify hazards, i.e. anything that may cause
harm. Employers have a duty to assess the health and
safety risks faced by their workers. ...
oStep 2: Decide who may be harmed, and how. ...
oStep 3: Assess the risks and take action. ...
oStep 4: Make a record of the findings. ...
oStep 5: Review the risk assessment.

6. Step 1: Identify hazards, i.e. anything that may cause
harm.
Employers have a duty to assess the health and safety
risks faced by their workers. Your employer must
systematically check for possible physical, mental,
chemical and biological hazards.
This is one common classification of hazards:
o Physical: e.g. lifting, awkward postures, slips and
trips, noise, dust, machinery, computer equipment,
etc.
o Mental: e.g. excess workload, long hours, working
with high-need clients, bullying, etc. These are also
called 'psychosocial' hazards, affecting mental health
and occurring within working relationships.
o Chemical: e.g. asbestos, cleaning fluids, aerosols, etc.
o Biological: including tuberculosis, hepatitis and other
infectious diseases faced by healthcare workers, home
care staff and other healthcare professionals.

7. Step 2: Decide who may be harmed, and how.
Identifying who is at risk starts with your organisation's
own full- and part-time employees. Employers must also
assess risks faced by agency and contract staff, visitors,
clients and other members of the public on their premises.
Employers must review work routines in all the different
locations and situations where their staff are employed.
For example:
o Home care supervisors must take due account of their
client's personal safety in the home, and ensure safe
working and lifting arrangements for their own home
care staff.
o In a supermarket, hazards are found in the repetitive
tasks at the checkout, in lifting loads, and in slips and
trips from spillages and obstacles in the shop and
storerooms. Staff face the risk of violence from
customers and intruders, especially in the evenings.
o In call centres, workstation equipment (i.e. desk,
screen, keyboard and chair) must be adjusted to suit
each employee.

8. Step 3: Assess / evaluate the risks and take action.
This means employers must consider how likely it is that
each hazard could cause harm. This will determine
whether or not your employer should reduce the level of
risk. Even after all precautions have been taken, some
risk usually remains. Employers must decide for each
remaining hazard whether the risk remains high, medium
or low.

9. Step 4: Make a record of the findings.
Employers with five or more staff are required to record in
writing the main findings of the risk assessment. This
record should include details of any hazards noted in the
risk assessment, and action taken to reduce or eliminate
risk.
This record provides proof that the assessment was carried
out, and is used as the basis for a later review of working
practices. The risk assessment is a working document. You
should be able to read it. It should not be locked away in a
cupboard.

10. Step 5: Review the risk assessment.
A risk assessment must be kept under review in order to:
•ensure that agreed safe working practices continue to
be applied (e.g. that management's safety instructions
are respected by supervisors and line managers); and
•take account of any new working practices, new
machinery or more demanding work targets.

16. Event Trees:
o An event tree is a commonly used probability measure that
helps determine the potential outcome of various events.
o In safety risk management, event trees are used to project
the event of a hazard occurring and the knock-on impacts
that event would have.
QUANTITATIVE APPROACH

19. RISKY HAZARD ON CONSTRUCTION SITE

28. The aim of the risk assessment process is to evaluate hazards, then remove
that hazard or minimize the level of its risk by adding control measures, as
necessary. By doing so, you have created a safer and healthier workplace.
The goal is to try to answer the following questions:
o What can happen and under what circumstances?
o What are the possible consequences?
o How likely are the possible consequences to occur?
o Is the risk controlled effectively, or is further action required?
WHAT IS THE GOAL OF RISK ASSESSMENT

31. THANK YOU