Class work assignment

2. Abstract
• Access to clean and safe drinking water is a fundamental human right, essential for
the well-being and health of communities
• Drinking water source challenges in Eruba and Ayelembe primary school
communities.
• The availability of potable water is critical to the overall quality of life in these
communities, yet the sources of drinking water , quality of the water remain
uncertain
• Utilization of water, coupled with various challenges related to its usage, further
exacerbates the situation

3. • The lack of comprehensive information about the physico-chemical
properties of these water sources and the underlying causes of
contamination hinders the formulation of effective strategies to address
these issues.
• What are the aims of the research?

4.  Identify drinking water sources.
 analyze water use practices,
 challenges in relation to water usage,
 strategies to overcome the challenges,
 causes of physico-chemical contamination
 physico-chemical parameters of drinking water sources

5. • Which techniques of data collection?
• quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques.
• Cross-sectional surveys using observations and interviews : gather
information on drinking water sources, water use practices, challenges in
relation to water usage, community-driven strategies to overcome the
challenges and causes of physico-chemical contamination of the water
sources

6. • Experimentation: collect water samples from the various drinking water
sources within the school communities in triplicate, analyzefor physico-
chemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and chloride ion).
• What is the projection of the research outcome?
• Specific water sources: wells, boreholes, taps, and streams.
• Water usage practices: drinking, cooking, bathing, and irrigation

7. • Water usage challenges: span health concerns, aesthetic issues, and other
related obstacles.
• Mitigation strategies: Community-driven strategies like collaborative efforts.
• Water contamination sources: industrial pollution, agricultural runoff, or
improper waste disposal practices
• physico-chemical characteristics of the water that is also projected to vary
from one water source to another.

8. • Arua district : schools provide water to their students from different water
sources. The most common drinking water sources in communities
surrounding primary schools in Arua district are boreholes, rivers, and
streams.
• Boreholes: considered safest but can become contaminated not properly
maintained.

9. • Is the reseach of paramount importance?
• Uncovering the physico-chemical properties of the drinking water sources a
pave the way for evidence-based interventions to improve water quality and
enhance the overall quality of life in these communities

10. INTRODUCTION
(Background)
• Harmless drinking water is a basic need for good health and it is a
fundamental right of humans (WHO, 2001). The United Nations sustainable
development Goal (SDG) 6, clean water and sanitation, sets various targets
to make water sustainable for use by 2030. However, water scarcity
assessment remains a challenge.
• Water quality: Measure of water safety interms of supporting beneficial uses
or meeting its environmental standards.

11. • The lack of improved access to safe water destabilizes families in various
ways such as young children dying of preventable diseases.
• Other serious impacts include poorer cognitive functioning and a lower level
of academic success(Sclar et al., 2017) . Because of the history of poor
health in childhood and the burden of recurring sicknesses later in life, these
children ultimately have fewer chances for success later in life.
• It is considered that “child is a father of man” thus child must be protected
from health hazards due to contaminated water.(Rewatkar et al., n.d.)

12. • Potable water: suitable for drinking and cooking purposes
• Considers both the safety of water in terms of health, and its acceptability to
the consumer, usually in terms of taste, odor, color and other sensible
qualities (Uniyal et al., 2018).
• Drinking water quality: a major concern for human health and wellbeing
(Ahmed et al., 2020)
• Affected by water contaminants which ultimately affect human health.

13. • Physico-chemical and microbiological parameters: determinants for
assessing industrial, irrigation, and domestic water quality. Among the
physico-chemical properties of drinking water, the
• common physico-chemical parameters used: pH, TDS, turbidity, hardness,
nitrate, EC, chloride, phosphate, etc. (Ahmed et al., 2020)
• The natural geogenic contamination of water is governed by the presence
and concentration of various chemical constituents which are mostly derived
from the geological formation of the particular region.

14. • Anthropogenic contamination mainly occurs by the use of pesticides and
herbicides in agriculture, leaching of poisonous toxins, septic tank, waste
disposal, coal mining and petroleum refining.
• According to the latest estimate, two million child deaths occur every year
due to contaminated water (Rewatkar et al., n.d.)