This document describes 5 types of chemical reactions: 1. Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides. 2. Metals react with acids to form salts and hydrogen gas or nitric oxide and water. 3. Metals react with cold water to form metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas, or with steam to form metal oxides and hydrogen gas. 4. Carbonates react with acids to form salts, water and carbon dioxide. 5. Alkalis react with acids to form salts and water.

1. Types of Chemical reactions
What chemicals do we use?
Metal Acids Carbonates Alkalis Salts
K H(base) (metal)CO3 (metal)OH (metal)(base)
Na
Ca
Mg eg. eg.
HCl eg.
Al
Zn CaCO3 NaOH CaCl2
Fe
H2SO4
Pb MgCO3 KOH MgSO4
HNO3
Cu CuCO3 Ca(OH)2 Cu(NO3)2
Hg

2. Types of Chemical reactions
1. Metal + Oxygen
2. Metals + Acids
a) Diluted (weak) acid – (aq)
b) Pure (strong) acid – (l)
3. Metals + Water
a) Cold water – H2O (l)
b) Steam (hot) – H2O (g)
4. Carbonates + Acids
5. Acids + Alkalis
Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012

3. Types of Chemical reactions
1. Metal + Oxygen
(metal)(s) + O2(g) (metal) oxide (s)
Example
4 Al (s) + 3 O2 (g)  2 Al2O3 (s)
Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012

4. Types of Chemical reactions
2. Metals + Diluted Acid
(metal)(s) + (acid)(aq)  (salt)(aq) + H2 (g)
2. Metals + Pure Acid
(metal)(s) + HNO3 (l)  (salt)(aq) + NO2 (g)
+ H2O (l)
Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012

5. Types of Chemical reactions
3. Metals + Cold Water
(metal)(s) + H2O (l) 
(metal)OH (aq) + H2 (g)
3. Metals + Steam (Hot)
(metal)(s) + H2O (g) 
(metal)oxide (s) + H2 (g)
Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012

6. Types of Chemical reactions
4. Carbonate + Acid
(metal)carbonate(s) + (acid) (aq) 
Salt (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
(metal)CO3 (s) + H(base) (aq) 
(metal)(base) (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)
Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012

7. Types of Chemical reactions
5. Alkali + Acid
(metal)hydroxide(l) + (acid) (l) 
Salt (aq) + H2O (l)
(metal)OH (l) + H(base) (l) 
(metal)(base) (aq) + H2O(l)
Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012