Paper, plastic, or neither? This ubiquitous question posed at the checkout aisle was recently examined in a comprehensive consumer study by Edelman Berland. Amidst a trend of grocery bag regulations in some cities and states, ‘reusable’ shopping bags which include non-woven polypropylene and low density polyethylene bags, are often emphasized in legislation as an environmentally friendly alternative to paper and plastic bags. The team conducted this consumer survey to determine how often consumers reuse their ‘reusable’ bags and also find out which bag consumers ultimately pick for groceries.
Consumer behavior involves how individuals, groups, and organizations select, purchase, use, and dispose of products and services. Understanding consumer behavior helps marketers improve their strategies. It examines how psychological, social, cultural, and situational factors influence purchasing decisions. Studying consumer decision making processes provides insights into recognizing needs, searching for information, evaluating options, making purchases, and satisfaction levels after purchases. The goal is to help firms better target, position, and adapt their marketing campaigns.
Nielson Case Competition Slides - Team Rubik Top 24Shi Jun Neo
This document contains a group project proposal for the launch of Xian Dai's new smartphone, Planet Saturn, in Singapore. It includes an analysis of the market potential, competitors, consumers, and distribution channels. Key recommendations include differentiating the product through an "X Factor" that capitalizes on its strengths and expanded services, changing perceptions of Chinese brands through a branding strategy, and partnering with local advocates and distributors for promotion and conversion strategies to help penetrate the new Singapore market. The overall objectives are to achieve high brand awareness and a top 4 market share position within 6 months of launch.
This document discusses different types of testing for products: concept testing, product testing, and market testing. Concept testing involves testing initial product ideas to validate messages and consumer relevance. Product testing evaluates the actual product and detects defects. Market testing gauges product viability in real market conditions prior to wide release. Both product and market testing aim to validate the product goals and intended message to customers. The document provides examples and comparisons of these different testing types.
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a protective case and is harvested 160 days after planting. India is the world's largest producer and consumer of cotton, growing approximately one third of the world's cotton. The introduction of Bt cotton in 2002 led to increased yields in India from 308kg/ha in 2001-02 to 550kg/ha in 2014-15 by reducing the need for pesticides and improving quality, though it requires higher costs for seeds and irrigation.
Consumer behavior is the study of how, why, when, and where people buy products. It draws from psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics to understand individual and group decision making. Factors like culture, social class, motivation, learning, and attitudes influence the consumer decision process of need recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. Understanding consumer behavior helps firms improve marketing efforts to better satisfy consumer needs.
Packaging
Packaging meaning
Types of Packaging
Three R‘s of packaging
Objective of Packaging
Importance of Packaging
Functions of Packaging
Advantages and disadvantages of Packaging
Consumers make purchasing decisions based on a variety of factors that interact in complex ways. There are several models of consumer behavior, including economic, psychological, learning, sociological, and combined models. The economic model views consumers as rational actors who choose options that maximize utility or satisfaction within their budgets. The psychological model examines how internal factors like motivation and needs influence behavior. Learning models explore how behavior is shaped by associations and experiences over time.
Consumer behavior involves how individuals, groups, and organizations select, purchase, use, and dispose of products and services. Understanding consumer behavior helps marketers improve their strategies. It examines how psychological, social, cultural, and situational factors influence purchasing decisions. Studying consumer decision making processes provides insights into recognizing needs, searching for information, evaluating options, making purchases, and satisfaction levels after purchases. The goal is to help firms better target, position, and adapt their marketing campaigns.
Nielson Case Competition Slides - Team Rubik Top 24Shi Jun Neo
This document contains a group project proposal for the launch of Xian Dai's new smartphone, Planet Saturn, in Singapore. It includes an analysis of the market potential, competitors, consumers, and distribution channels. Key recommendations include differentiating the product through an "X Factor" that capitalizes on its strengths and expanded services, changing perceptions of Chinese brands through a branding strategy, and partnering with local advocates and distributors for promotion and conversion strategies to help penetrate the new Singapore market. The overall objectives are to achieve high brand awareness and a top 4 market share position within 6 months of launch.
This document discusses different types of testing for products: concept testing, product testing, and market testing. Concept testing involves testing initial product ideas to validate messages and consumer relevance. Product testing evaluates the actual product and detects defects. Market testing gauges product viability in real market conditions prior to wide release. Both product and market testing aim to validate the product goals and intended message to customers. The document provides examples and comparisons of these different testing types.
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a protective case and is harvested 160 days after planting. India is the world's largest producer and consumer of cotton, growing approximately one third of the world's cotton. The introduction of Bt cotton in 2002 led to increased yields in India from 308kg/ha in 2001-02 to 550kg/ha in 2014-15 by reducing the need for pesticides and improving quality, though it requires higher costs for seeds and irrigation.
Consumer behavior is the study of how, why, when, and where people buy products. It draws from psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics to understand individual and group decision making. Factors like culture, social class, motivation, learning, and attitudes influence the consumer decision process of need recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. Understanding consumer behavior helps firms improve marketing efforts to better satisfy consumer needs.
Packaging
Packaging meaning
Types of Packaging
Three R‘s of packaging
Objective of Packaging
Importance of Packaging
Functions of Packaging
Advantages and disadvantages of Packaging
Consumers make purchasing decisions based on a variety of factors that interact in complex ways. There are several models of consumer behavior, including economic, psychological, learning, sociological, and combined models. The economic model views consumers as rational actors who choose options that maximize utility or satisfaction within their budgets. The psychological model examines how internal factors like motivation and needs influence behavior. Learning models explore how behavior is shaped by associations and experiences over time.
Presentation on bag project web post 6.6.14cityofevanston
The document summarizes a community meeting presentation about reducing shopping bag use in Evanston, Illinois. It discusses the history of discussions on the issue, different types of bags, costs associated with bags, bag initiatives that have been implemented in other cities, impacts of bag regulations, and considerations for actions Evanston could take. It provides data on shopping bags used in Evanston stores to inform the local discussion.
Ch 17 consumer behavior and promotion strategyHadi Pranoto
This document discusses various types of promotion strategies including advertising, sales promotions, personal selling, publicity, and the promotion mix. It describes the communication process involved in promotions and how marketers can analyze consumer-product relationships to determine the appropriate promotion strategy. The key goals of promotion communications are to stimulate category need, create brand awareness, develop brand attitudes, and influence brand purchase intentions. Effective promotion requires determining objectives, budgets, and designing integrated promotion strategies tailored to specific target markets and consumer-product relationships.
Packaging serves several important functions. It primarily refers to the container or wrapper for a product, and is an important part of marketing. There are three main types of packaging: primary for the immediate container, secondary for additional protection layers, and transportation for storing or moving multiple products together. Packaging protects products, promotes them, attracts customers, allows for easy identification and differentiation between products, and provides convenience. It prevents spoilage, breakage, damage and adulteration while allowing the product to be promoted and sold.
Reusable shopping bags that are eco friendlyiSellPackaging
Most consumers are nowadays environment conscious and are looking for the products coming in eco-friendly and sustainable packaging. Thanks to the “go green movements” and environment awareness campaigns being run on the global scale.
This document presents a business model for producing and selling jute products. The objectives are to create eco-friendly products from jute, produce low-cost carry bags and fashionable jute goods, and raise awareness about jute. The proposed product range includes jute bags, printed shopping bags, laptop bags, folders, and men's handbags. The manufacturing process and financial projections are also outlined, including capital requirements, production costs, sales estimates, and profitability analysis. The business aims to take advantage of growing demand for sustainable alternatives to plastic while supporting the jute industry.
Packaging serves several important purposes:
1) It protects products, allows for transportation, and communicates important information to consumers.
2) Packaging design involves creating containers and graphics that promote products and brands while ensuring safety and functionality.
3) There are different types of packaging for various purposes including primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging as well as consumer and industrial packaging.
This document provides an overview of packaging. It begins with definitions of packaging and discusses the history of packaging from ancient times to modern eras. It then covers the importance, purposes, advantages, and disadvantages of packaging. The document outlines different types of packaging including primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging. It discusses harmony between packaging elements and strategies for packaging including consumer needs, innovation, and sustainability. The document concludes that packaging has evolved over centuries to become effective at protecting products and meeting marketing and distribution needs.
The document discusses sustainable packaging materials and options. It notes that packaging should be reusable, recyclable, minimize materials used and energy for production. Some eco-friendly materials mentioned include bioplastics, recycled paper, forest wood, palm leaf, corn starch, coconut husk and bamboo. Recycled materials like corrugated cartons, glass, steel and paperboard are highlighted. The benefits of materials like bioplastics, recycled paper, forest wood, palm leaf, corn starch, green wrap and bamboo are outlined. The document also briefly discusses paper, glass, aluminum and ways to make packaging greener.
Reckitt Benckiser is a global consumer goods company that produces health, hygiene, and home products. The presentation discusses sustainability in packaging and identifies key factors to consider. It emphasizes the importance of aligning sustainability goals with customer wants, maximizing sustainable materials, and communicating sustainability efforts to motivate recycling. Case studies on Vanish powder packaging compare options like rigid tubs to flexible pouches based on factors such as materials used, recycling rates, production efficiency, transport, and more.
Agricultural, Allied Products, Agro Processed Products, its
status in Indian Market. Emerging Issues in the business
Agriculture Produces.
Agriculture Marketing: Concept, Definition, Scope and
Objectives, Upcoming Practices in Agriculture Marketing.
Agribusiness-Emerging Branches, Non Conventional Forms
of Agribusiness, Retailing & Merchandising of Agri
Produces, Export Potential for farm products-Supporting
Services.
Role of Agencies for promotion of Exports of Agri Products,
Role of Agencies for marketing of Agri Products, Standards
of Agriculture Produces, Organized Retailing in Agri Inputs
and Outputs.
Marketing Mix of Agriculture Products, Role of Information
and Communication Technology in Agriculture Marketing.
The document discusses packaging and its importance in marketing. It defines packaging as designing and producing containers for products. Packaging serves several functions like protection, promotion, and providing product information. Distinctive packaging helps differentiate brands and aids in consumer decision making. The document outlines factors considered in package design and discusses criticisms of packaging like waste and deceptive practices. It provides an example of ITC's use of innovative packaging to market premium Indian foods internationally and lists companies that spend the most on packaging.
This document discusses store layouts and their importance. It outlines factors to consider for an effective store layout like use of space, guiding customers, and lighting. The main types of store layouts are described as grid, racetrack/loop, free form, and spine layouts. An effective store layout creates the desired store image, influences customer behavior, and allows retailers to understand revenue per square foot to assess strengths and weaknesses. Overall, a well-planned store layout maximizes sales and is key to a store's prosperity.
This document summarizes the key aspects of retail merchandise planning. It discusses analyzing customer needs and wants, developing sales forecasts, determining merchandise requirements, open-to-buy planning, and assortment planning. The key steps in planning include developing a sales forecast based on past data and market analysis, determining inventory needs to meet the forecast, using open-to-buy to control purchasing, and selecting the appropriate breadth and depth of product assortment for the target audience. The goal of merchandise planning is to have the right products available at the right time to maximize sales and profits.
Physical products require packaging to protect them from damage and to present both the product and its brand attractively to a target group of consumers. It is a complex concept which has demonstrated itself in different forms from the primitive period to modern day business. Today, every unique and distinctive product is followed by an outstanding and attractive package. In this twenty first century business world, packaging is not limited only to manufacture products, but services are now fully engulfed in its operations. It is a business process that does not seem to leave even the human species from its influence. As it is often said, a man is addressed by the way he/she dresses, so is it assumed that a good packaged communicates a good product. Today women understand the dynamics of packaging much more than manufacturing companies and packaging specialist. It is a concept that is very interesting to any business person desiring to make a landmark difference in his/her businesses.
Category management is a process that retailers use to maximize sales and profits by grouping similar products into categories and devising strategies for each category. It involves defining product categories, assessing category performance, setting objectives, developing an overall strategy and specific tactics, and regularly reviewing performance to make adjustments. Key aspects of category management include defining the target customer, assessing inventory and shelf space needs, setting sales and margin targets, and appointing category captains from supplier partners to help implement category strategies.
This document provides an overview of packaging design. It discusses that packaging involves wrapping goods for protection and sale. The roots of modern packaging developed with the industrial revolution to accommodate faster production. There are various types of packaging including consumer and industrial packaging. Primary functions of packaging are presentation, protection, and preservation to facilitate sale and use of products. Design is influenced by many factors and must consider the material, functions, and end user. The document concludes with a case study on McDonald's packaging changes to be more environmentally friendly.
This document provides an overview of a business project on packaging done by Shahid Husen for class XI. It includes sections on what packaging is, the importance and purposes of packaging, types of packaging like primary and secondary packaging, advantages and disadvantages of packaging, types of packaging materials like paper, plastic and glass. It also discusses labels used on packaging and provides a history of Heinz Ketchup packaging innovations over 135 years, from bottling horseradish to squeezable bottles and plant-based packaging.
Market research of packaged food industryRonak Modi
This file includes the process of research done in Karjat for the packaged food industry. The Process includes
DEFINING THE PROBLEM
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
DATA SOURCES
TECHNIQUE OF DATA COLLECTION
SOCIAL CULTURE CONTEXT
GEOGRAPHICAL LIMIT
BASIS OF SELECTION
This document discusses factors that influence customer purchase decisions and how retailers can target different types of customers. It covers the stages in the buying process, types of customer needs, and how social factors like family, culture, and reference groups affect purchasing. Retailers are advised to segment their markets using approaches like geography, demographics, lifestyle, buying situations, and customer benefits sought. Understanding these influences can help retailers design effective marketing strategies to attract different kinds of customers.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ON PERCEPTION OF PEOPLE TOWARD PLASTIC BAG Sandeep Mane
This presentation summarizes research on people's perceptions of plastic bags. It conducted surveys that found 100% of people are aware of plastic bag dangers but 59% don't use alternatives. It analyzed the problem of plastic pollution and consumption of over 500 billion plastic bags annually worldwide. The conclusion is that reusable bags are a better option than paper or plastic, and strategic taxes and government policies can effectively limit plastic bag use.
Presentation on bag project web post 6.6.14cityofevanston
The document summarizes a community meeting presentation about reducing shopping bag use in Evanston, Illinois. It discusses the history of discussions on the issue, different types of bags, costs associated with bags, bag initiatives that have been implemented in other cities, impacts of bag regulations, and considerations for actions Evanston could take. It provides data on shopping bags used in Evanston stores to inform the local discussion.
Ch 17 consumer behavior and promotion strategyHadi Pranoto
This document discusses various types of promotion strategies including advertising, sales promotions, personal selling, publicity, and the promotion mix. It describes the communication process involved in promotions and how marketers can analyze consumer-product relationships to determine the appropriate promotion strategy. The key goals of promotion communications are to stimulate category need, create brand awareness, develop brand attitudes, and influence brand purchase intentions. Effective promotion requires determining objectives, budgets, and designing integrated promotion strategies tailored to specific target markets and consumer-product relationships.
Packaging serves several important functions. It primarily refers to the container or wrapper for a product, and is an important part of marketing. There are three main types of packaging: primary for the immediate container, secondary for additional protection layers, and transportation for storing or moving multiple products together. Packaging protects products, promotes them, attracts customers, allows for easy identification and differentiation between products, and provides convenience. It prevents spoilage, breakage, damage and adulteration while allowing the product to be promoted and sold.
Reusable shopping bags that are eco friendlyiSellPackaging
Most consumers are nowadays environment conscious and are looking for the products coming in eco-friendly and sustainable packaging. Thanks to the “go green movements” and environment awareness campaigns being run on the global scale.
This document presents a business model for producing and selling jute products. The objectives are to create eco-friendly products from jute, produce low-cost carry bags and fashionable jute goods, and raise awareness about jute. The proposed product range includes jute bags, printed shopping bags, laptop bags, folders, and men's handbags. The manufacturing process and financial projections are also outlined, including capital requirements, production costs, sales estimates, and profitability analysis. The business aims to take advantage of growing demand for sustainable alternatives to plastic while supporting the jute industry.
Packaging serves several important purposes:
1) It protects products, allows for transportation, and communicates important information to consumers.
2) Packaging design involves creating containers and graphics that promote products and brands while ensuring safety and functionality.
3) There are different types of packaging for various purposes including primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging as well as consumer and industrial packaging.
This document provides an overview of packaging. It begins with definitions of packaging and discusses the history of packaging from ancient times to modern eras. It then covers the importance, purposes, advantages, and disadvantages of packaging. The document outlines different types of packaging including primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging. It discusses harmony between packaging elements and strategies for packaging including consumer needs, innovation, and sustainability. The document concludes that packaging has evolved over centuries to become effective at protecting products and meeting marketing and distribution needs.
The document discusses sustainable packaging materials and options. It notes that packaging should be reusable, recyclable, minimize materials used and energy for production. Some eco-friendly materials mentioned include bioplastics, recycled paper, forest wood, palm leaf, corn starch, coconut husk and bamboo. Recycled materials like corrugated cartons, glass, steel and paperboard are highlighted. The benefits of materials like bioplastics, recycled paper, forest wood, palm leaf, corn starch, green wrap and bamboo are outlined. The document also briefly discusses paper, glass, aluminum and ways to make packaging greener.
Reckitt Benckiser is a global consumer goods company that produces health, hygiene, and home products. The presentation discusses sustainability in packaging and identifies key factors to consider. It emphasizes the importance of aligning sustainability goals with customer wants, maximizing sustainable materials, and communicating sustainability efforts to motivate recycling. Case studies on Vanish powder packaging compare options like rigid tubs to flexible pouches based on factors such as materials used, recycling rates, production efficiency, transport, and more.
Agricultural, Allied Products, Agro Processed Products, its
status in Indian Market. Emerging Issues in the business
Agriculture Produces.
Agriculture Marketing: Concept, Definition, Scope and
Objectives, Upcoming Practices in Agriculture Marketing.
Agribusiness-Emerging Branches, Non Conventional Forms
of Agribusiness, Retailing & Merchandising of Agri
Produces, Export Potential for farm products-Supporting
Services.
Role of Agencies for promotion of Exports of Agri Products,
Role of Agencies for marketing of Agri Products, Standards
of Agriculture Produces, Organized Retailing in Agri Inputs
and Outputs.
Marketing Mix of Agriculture Products, Role of Information
and Communication Technology in Agriculture Marketing.
The document discusses packaging and its importance in marketing. It defines packaging as designing and producing containers for products. Packaging serves several functions like protection, promotion, and providing product information. Distinctive packaging helps differentiate brands and aids in consumer decision making. The document outlines factors considered in package design and discusses criticisms of packaging like waste and deceptive practices. It provides an example of ITC's use of innovative packaging to market premium Indian foods internationally and lists companies that spend the most on packaging.
This document discusses store layouts and their importance. It outlines factors to consider for an effective store layout like use of space, guiding customers, and lighting. The main types of store layouts are described as grid, racetrack/loop, free form, and spine layouts. An effective store layout creates the desired store image, influences customer behavior, and allows retailers to understand revenue per square foot to assess strengths and weaknesses. Overall, a well-planned store layout maximizes sales and is key to a store's prosperity.
This document summarizes the key aspects of retail merchandise planning. It discusses analyzing customer needs and wants, developing sales forecasts, determining merchandise requirements, open-to-buy planning, and assortment planning. The key steps in planning include developing a sales forecast based on past data and market analysis, determining inventory needs to meet the forecast, using open-to-buy to control purchasing, and selecting the appropriate breadth and depth of product assortment for the target audience. The goal of merchandise planning is to have the right products available at the right time to maximize sales and profits.
Physical products require packaging to protect them from damage and to present both the product and its brand attractively to a target group of consumers. It is a complex concept which has demonstrated itself in different forms from the primitive period to modern day business. Today, every unique and distinctive product is followed by an outstanding and attractive package. In this twenty first century business world, packaging is not limited only to manufacture products, but services are now fully engulfed in its operations. It is a business process that does not seem to leave even the human species from its influence. As it is often said, a man is addressed by the way he/she dresses, so is it assumed that a good packaged communicates a good product. Today women understand the dynamics of packaging much more than manufacturing companies and packaging specialist. It is a concept that is very interesting to any business person desiring to make a landmark difference in his/her businesses.
Category management is a process that retailers use to maximize sales and profits by grouping similar products into categories and devising strategies for each category. It involves defining product categories, assessing category performance, setting objectives, developing an overall strategy and specific tactics, and regularly reviewing performance to make adjustments. Key aspects of category management include defining the target customer, assessing inventory and shelf space needs, setting sales and margin targets, and appointing category captains from supplier partners to help implement category strategies.
This document provides an overview of packaging design. It discusses that packaging involves wrapping goods for protection and sale. The roots of modern packaging developed with the industrial revolution to accommodate faster production. There are various types of packaging including consumer and industrial packaging. Primary functions of packaging are presentation, protection, and preservation to facilitate sale and use of products. Design is influenced by many factors and must consider the material, functions, and end user. The document concludes with a case study on McDonald's packaging changes to be more environmentally friendly.
This document provides an overview of a business project on packaging done by Shahid Husen for class XI. It includes sections on what packaging is, the importance and purposes of packaging, types of packaging like primary and secondary packaging, advantages and disadvantages of packaging, types of packaging materials like paper, plastic and glass. It also discusses labels used on packaging and provides a history of Heinz Ketchup packaging innovations over 135 years, from bottling horseradish to squeezable bottles and plant-based packaging.
Market research of packaged food industryRonak Modi
This file includes the process of research done in Karjat for the packaged food industry. The Process includes
DEFINING THE PROBLEM
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
DATA SOURCES
TECHNIQUE OF DATA COLLECTION
SOCIAL CULTURE CONTEXT
GEOGRAPHICAL LIMIT
BASIS OF SELECTION
This document discusses factors that influence customer purchase decisions and how retailers can target different types of customers. It covers the stages in the buying process, types of customer needs, and how social factors like family, culture, and reference groups affect purchasing. Retailers are advised to segment their markets using approaches like geography, demographics, lifestyle, buying situations, and customer benefits sought. Understanding these influences can help retailers design effective marketing strategies to attract different kinds of customers.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ON PERCEPTION OF PEOPLE TOWARD PLASTIC BAG Sandeep Mane
This presentation summarizes research on people's perceptions of plastic bags. It conducted surveys that found 100% of people are aware of plastic bag dangers but 59% don't use alternatives. It analyzed the problem of plastic pollution and consumption of over 500 billion plastic bags annually worldwide. The conclusion is that reusable bags are a better option than paper or plastic, and strategic taxes and government policies can effectively limit plastic bag use.
The document discusses factors that influence luxury handbag brands and consumers. It notes that luxury brands must differentiate themselves through quality, craftsmanship, style, limited production, and marketing. Celebrities also play a large role in influencing fashion trends and purchase intent. The increase in new luxury consumers has allowed brands to expand their price ranges to attract different consumer segments while maintaining prestige. Future research on luxury handbags could evaluate marketing strategies, socioeconomic influences on purchase intent, and test hypotheses through surveys and focus groups to better understand how brands can appeal to consumers.
The document discusses plastic grocery bags and alternatives. It notes that 90% of shoppers continue using plastic bags in North America and that plastic bags are preferred by shoppers. It then discusses more environmentally friendly directions for bags, including degradable, biodegradable, and oxobiodegradable technologies. Oxobiodegradable bags address issues like litter while being sanitary, safe, reusable, and recyclable. The document also discusses how paper bags are not truly better for the environment when considering their full lifecycle impacts.
This survey asked people about their transportation, recycling, and shopping habits. Most respondents use a car as their main form of transportation. When it comes to plastic bags, about a third reuse them, a third recycle them, and a third don't reuse or recycle them. Responses were split on recycling at home, with half saying they recycle all or much and half saying they recycle some or nothing. Most respondents reported using plastic bags when shopping.
The document summarizes the results of a green lifestyle survey completed by over 1,000 Americans in April 2010. Some key findings include:
- 85% of respondents said they were moderately or very concerned about climate change, with more women (89%) expressing concern than men (76%). Concern varied significantly by political affiliation.
- 71% considered themselves moderately or very green, again with more women (77%) than men (60%). Identification as green also varied greatly by political views.
- Common green activities included recycling, reusable bags/containers, and buying green products. Less common were activities like biking/carpooling to work or composting.
- Nearly half said a green employer was
This presentation is for a course on managerial accounting. It summarizes a business plan for a student group called Vertex to manufacture and sell string bags. The group chose string bags because they have high market demand, low labor costs, and high profit margins. The presentation includes details on manufacturing costs, sales forecasts, a budgeted income statement, break-even analysis, margin of safety calculations, operating leverage metrics, and sensitivity analyses for changes in demand.
This document outlines the theoretical frameworks and main schools of thought regarding the relationship between film and literature. It discusses the precursors to film theory from the avant-garde, Russian formalism, and early 20th century writers. It also summarizes the influential semiological and narratological studies from thinkers like Christian Metz, Umberto Eco and Roland Barthes. Finally, it examines some of the key linguistic differences between film and literature, such as their approaches to space, time, and point of view, as well as some extra-linguistic aspects like their modes of creation and reception.
The document provides an overview of global trends in communication design and related fields. It discusses trends in areas like graphic design, film, animation, experience design, interactive media and more. Some key trends highlighted include a shift to mobile and personalized experiences, focus on storytelling and sustainability, integration of social media and technology, and demand for modular and responsive design. The document also shares statistics on growth rates in the communication design industry globally and emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary, anticipatory and agile design education and training.
This document outlines a business plan for LayZee Bean Bags, which manufactures and sells bean bags. It discusses the company's mission to provide comfortable products at affordable prices. The business plan covers the company's product lines, manufacturing process, human resources, marketing strategies, financial projections, and SWOT analysis. The company aims to customize bean bags in various sizes, materials, colors and designs to meet customer needs.
Este documento describe la industria mundial del plástico, que ha experimentado un crecimiento anual del 5% desde 1990 y continuará creciendo alrededor del 5% anual hasta 2015. Aproximadamente el 50% del plástico consumido mundialmente podría ser oxo-biodegradable. Sin embargo, la mayoría del plástico tarda décadas en degradarse, contaminando los océanos y el medio ambiente. Una nueva tecnología llamada d2wTM controla la vida útil del plástico acelerando su biode
Presentacion dias positivas power point slideshare_Mestil mestilandres
Este documento describe un proyecto para producir y distribuir bolsas de tela y lona como alternativa a las bolsas de plástico para reducir la contaminación. El proyecto incluye estudios de mercado que muestran la demanda, oferta y precios potenciales para las bolsas ecológicas. También describe la producción, localización, recursos humanos y características del producto. El objetivo general es ayudar a reducir la contaminación ofreciendo bolsas reutilizables de tela o lona.
Este documento presenta un proyecto para crear una empresa de producción y comercialización de bolsas plásticas ecológicas en el municipio de Arauquita, Arauca. El proyecto busca reducir la contaminación por bolsas de plástico convencionales y generar empleo en la región. Se realizaron estudios de mercado y técnico que concluyen que el proyecto es viable y puede comercializar bolsas ecológicas que beneficien el medio ambiente y la economía local.
There are 1.5 million non-profits with an estimated $2.6 trillion in assets. Some are huge operations including the United Way, Red Cross, American Cancer Society and the YMCA. Some lobby. Some compete against non-profits. They all compete against each other for donations. All face compassion fatigue, and many run into PR difficulties ... or worse (see Lance Armstrong and Livestrong). They may not be for profit and for the most part they are well respected, but they still need reputation and brand management in our 24-7-365 digital society.
Modern PR professionals: the persuasive storytellersBob Pickard
Creating a winning communications campaign demands that PR professionals master an array of new skills, the most important of which is the art of digital storytelling. It’s not good enough to know how to create a Facebook fan site, drive followers on Twitter, or cobble together conversation communities on different social networks. The key to success isn’t just the technology. Success starts by learning how to master the new narrative approach that digital technology enables. Fundamental to making ‘stories that succeed’ is understanding how to apply ‘the psychology of persuasion’ to planning PR projects so that target audiences do and think what you want them to do or think. By combining the latest marketing theory with practical tips along with a video case study, the presentation will look at how tomorrow’s PR people can start thinking today about the transformative behaviors that will help them master the new media environment.
Public Relations- A Non-profit Outreach ToolAnusha Sherazy
The document discusses public relations for non-profit organizations. It defines public relations and outlines its diversity, including crisis management, issues management, and media relations. It describes how public relations can help non-profits distinguish themselves by gaining media attention and notices from potential donors and clients. The document then provides examples of effective public relations strategies for non-profits, including determining key messages, developing a communications plan, and implementing the plan. It outlines various public relations tools and strategies non-profits can use, such as front door PR, maintenance PR, outreach PR, and collaborative PR. Finally, it provides a top 10 list of public relations tips for non-profit organizations.
Media Cloverleaf Presentation to the Asian Marketing Effectiveness Festival, ...David Brain
The document discusses strategies for telling stories across multiple media channels. It outlines the current media landscape, which includes traditional, hybrid, owned and social media. It emphasizes using insights from search and social media to craft stories that are findable and sharable. The goal is to synchronize content across different platforms so the story is amplified to wide audiences and drives high engagement and conversation.
This document provides an overview of public relations and social media strategies for sports nonprofit organizations. It discusses the importance of establishing clear goals and messaging for PR and social media. Key topics covered include creating media lists, crafting effective pitches, measuring results, and best practices for content creation and distribution across various social media platforms. The document aims to help nonprofits better understand how to utilize PR and social media to promote their missions.
California Inclusive Sailing (CIS) is a nonprofit organization that provides sailing experiences for those with disabilities and veterans. As a new organization, CIS faces challenges in increasing awareness and recruiting more volunteers to expand its services. The goal of this campaign is to help CIS gain more volunteers, participants, and sponsors to strengthen the organization and better serve the disabled and veteran communities in Orange County.
The document proposes distributing reusable bags to consumers to reduce the use of single-use plastic bags. It notes that plastic bags constitute 10% of waste in the region and are detrimental to the environment. Using reusable bags can save hundreds of plastic bags per year. The proposal aims to raise awareness of the environmental and economic impacts of reusable bags and influence positive attitudes towards using reusable bags instead of plastic bags.
The document makes the case against eliminating plastic roll bags at a grocery co-op. It argues that roll bags allow members to easily purchase large amounts of minimally packaged, local foods while keeping costs low. Eliminating them would increase members' grocery costs through more expensive pre-packaged alternatives or reusable bags. Banning roll bags also may not effectively change behavior or reduce environmental impacts compared to education on reuse and reduction. The document urges voting against the proposed elimination.
This document summarizes a study on reusing plastic bags to save money and reduce waste. Over three weeks, the author's household reused 60 plastic bags, saving $4.20. Extrapolating to a year, reusing 960 bags would save $67.20. More significantly, reusing plastic bags over a lifetime could eliminate thousands of bags from landfills, since each reusable bag replaces an estimated 1,000 plastic bags. While the financial savings are modest, the primary benefit is reducing environmental impact by preventing plastic bags from accumulating in landfills for hundreds of years. The study had some limitations but highlights strategies for plastic bag reuse and reduction.
The document summarizes the results of surveys conducted in accordance with Maui County's Plastic Bag Reduction Ordinance. The surveys found that 25% of customers brought reusable bags or did not take bags in FY2014. Paper bag use increased from 48% in FY2012 to 79% in FY2013. The report requests permission to waive the annual reporting requirement, as the survey results have remained stable over four years of implementation.
This document summarizes a study on reusing plastic bags to save money and reduce waste. It finds that reusing sandwich and grocery bags over 3 weeks saves around $4.20 and eliminates 60 plastic bags from landfills. Extrapolating over a lifetime, reusing these bags could save around $67.20 per year and keep 48,000 bags out of landfills. While the monetary savings are small, the greater purpose is reducing environmental impact, as plastic bags take 500 years to decay in landfills. The study had some limitations but provides strategies for reusing more bags and ideas for further related research.
By understanding the meaning behind the recycle symbols, you’ll be better equipped to help reduce waste, limit your carbon footprint, and help the environment.
With this course you’ll learn:
• Why recycling matters
• What do the numbers inside the recycle symbol mean
• What gets recycled and what doesn’t
• Tips to make recycling fun for your family or workplace
• Want to recycle more? You can recycle these too
• FREE one page PDF that you can print out and post on your recycle bins as a reminder of what goes in and what doesn’t.
Putting a ban on Plastic Bags http://www.interplas.com/ might not be the best answer. Learn 7 facts about why plastic bags are better than paper bags and why recycle, reduce, and reuse is a possible solution to environmental plastic bag concerns.
This document compares the environmental impacts of plastic grocery bags and reusable bags. It finds that for $150 of groceries, a typical shopper would use 27 plastic bags per trip and need up to 12 reusable bags. Reusable bags are more durable and only need to be used 11 times to have a lower environmental impact than using disposable plastic bags. Plastic bags have significant negative impacts on the environment such as harming marine life and taking a long time to break down, creating microplastics. Using reusable bags instead of plastic bags reduces environmental damage.
The document summarizes the results of a questionnaire given to students at CEIP Miguel de Cervantes school in Consuegra, Spain about recycling habits and knowledge. Most students are aware of the benefits of reducing, reusing, and recycling. They correctly identified common recyclable materials like paper, plastic, and glass. The majority of students actively participate in recycling programs at school and encourage their families to recycle regularly at home. Compared to previous surveys, students showed improved recycling participation after involvement in a Comenius recycling awareness project.
Joe & Dan’S Recycling Survey 2008 New FormatJbuteau
The document summarizes a survey conducted by Joseph Buteau Daniel Marks on recycling habits of young adults in New England. The survey was distributed via online forms and Facebook to over 200 individuals. It asked questions about their recycling knowledge, behaviors, reasons for recycling or not recycling, and time spent recycling. The results showed that most young people in New England are recycling regularly through public bins and at home. They recycle because it is convenient and environmentally beneficial. Items like paper, plastic and glass are recycled more than electronics or clothes. Those not recycling said it was inconvenient or they lacked access. Most felt they should recycle and reported spending 1-3 hours recycling per week. The authors regret not interviewing non-recy
This document summarizes a presentation on a survey of plastic bag usage. It includes an introduction on the rise of plastic bags since the 1960s. The objective of the study was to spread awareness of plastic bag harms and reduce overuse. Data was collected through consumer and retailer questionnaires. The findings showed most plastic bag use was by people aged 20-35 for shopping. Retailers also primarily used plastic bags. The conclusion recommends limiting plastic bag use and promoting alternatives to help the environment. Policy suggestions include educating the public on recycling and banning plastic bags.
This document discusses carton recycling and reuse programs in schools. It provides details on what cartons are made of, who the Carton Council is, why cartons should be recycled in schools, how to set up an effective carton recycling program, and how the Carton Council can help schools with their programs through tools, grants, lesson plans, and contests. Effective programs establish dry collection of cartons, provide empty stations to drain liquid, and ensure plastic liners are disposed of properly rather than placed in recycling bins with cartons.
Getting rid of plastic bags in SingaporeEdo van Dijk
The document discusses reducing plastic bag usage in Singapore. It notes that the average Singaporean uses 584 plastic bags per year compared to 198 for Europeans. While some initiatives have encouraged reusable bags, plastic bag usage remains high at 3 billion per year in Singapore. The document analyzes reasons for lack of success in reducing plastic bag use and outlines a vision to promote reusable bags, including designing practical and attractive bags, using a iconic mascot like the Merlion, and retailers partnering with the government on initiatives like no longer automatically providing bags and incentivizing bringing reusable bags.
The document discusses reducing plastic bag usage in Singapore. It notes that the average Singaporean uses 584 plastic bags per year compared to 198 for Europeans. While some initiatives have encouraged reusable bags, plastic bag usage remains high at 3 billion per year in Singapore. The document analyzes reasons for lack of reduction and proposes recommendations, including developing reusable bags that are stylish and practical, running a strong public education campaign featuring a iconic mascot like the Merlion, and retailers providing better incentives to bring reusable bags.
The document proposes putting recycling containers in every dorm room on campus to make recycling more convenient and intuitive for students. Currently, there are only recycling bins in dorm buildings, not individual rooms. Students have admitted to throwing away recyclables because it is difficult to store and transport them to bins. Providing reusable recycling bags in each room would allow students to easily separate and store paper and bottles/cans until emptying the bags into outside bins. Other universities have implemented this approach successfully. The $5,000 grant could fund enough bags for the entire school. Making recycling easier would increase participation and benefit both the environment and Clark through reduced waste and pollution as well as money returned for recyclables.
Uses of polystyrene boxes at school darren's groupBritish Council
The document analyzes survey results from 134 students on their use of polystyrene boxes and eco-friendly bags at school. 86 students used polystyrene boxes, while 77 used eco-friendly bags. The document recommends reducing polystyrene box use by bringing food from home, reusing boxes, and using boxes only once a week. Eco-friendly bags are better for the environment as they do not pollute and can be reused. The 3R approach of reduce, reuse, recycle is emphasized as the most effective way to help the environment.
Uses of polystyrene boxes at school darren's groupBritish Council
The document analyzes survey results from 134 students on their use of polystyrene boxes and eco-friendly bags at school. 86 students used polystyrene boxes, while 77 used eco-friendly bags. The document recommends reducing polystyrene box use by bringing food from home, reusing boxes, and using boxes only once a week. Eco-friendly bags are better for the environment as they do not pollute and can be reused. The 3R approach of reduce, reuse, recycle is emphasized as the most effective way to help the environment.
End-to-end pipeline agility - Berlin Buzzwords 2024Lars Albertsson
We describe how we achieve high change agility in data engineering by eliminating the fear of breaking downstream data pipelines through end-to-end pipeline testing, and by using schema metaprogramming to safely eliminate boilerplate involved in changes that affect whole pipelines.
A quick poll on agility in changing pipelines from end to end indicated a huge span in capabilities. For the question "How long time does it take for all downstream pipelines to be adapted to an upstream change," the median response was 6 months, but some respondents could do it in less than a day. When quantitative data engineering differences between the best and worst are measured, the span is often 100x-1000x, sometimes even more.
A long time ago, we suffered at Spotify from fear of changing pipelines due to not knowing what the impact might be downstream. We made plans for a technical solution to test pipelines end-to-end to mitigate that fear, but the effort failed for cultural reasons. We eventually solved this challenge, but in a different context. In this presentation we will describe how we test full pipelines effectively by manipulating workflow orchestration, which enables us to make changes in pipelines without fear of breaking downstream.
Making schema changes that affect many jobs also involves a lot of toil and boilerplate. Using schema-on-read mitigates some of it, but has drawbacks since it makes it more difficult to detect errors early. We will describe how we have rejected this tradeoff by applying schema metaprogramming, eliminating boilerplate but keeping the protection of static typing, thereby further improving agility to quickly modify data pipelines without fear.
Predictably Improve Your B2B Tech Company's Performance by Leveraging DataKiwi Creative
Harness the power of AI-backed reports, benchmarking and data analysis to predict trends and detect anomalies in your marketing efforts.
Peter Caputa, CEO at Databox, reveals how you can discover the strategies and tools to increase your growth rate (and margins!).
From metrics to track to data habits to pick up, enhance your reporting for powerful insights to improve your B2B tech company's marketing.
- - -
This is the webinar recording from the June 2024 HubSpot User Group (HUG) for B2B Technology USA.
Watch the video recording at https://youtu.be/5vjwGfPN9lw
Sign up for future HUG events at https://events.hubspot.com/b2b-technology-usa/
4th Modern Marketing Reckoner by MMA Global India & Group M: 60+ experts on W...Social Samosa
The Modern Marketing Reckoner (MMR) is a comprehensive resource packed with POVs from 60+ industry leaders on how AI is transforming the 4 key pillars of marketing – product, place, price and promotions.
Analysis insight about a Flyball dog competition team's performanceroli9797
Insight of my analysis about a Flyball dog competition team's last year performance. Find more: https://github.com/rolandnagy-ds/flyball_race_analysis/tree/main
Beyond the Basics of A/B Tests: Highly Innovative Experimentation Tactics You...Aggregage
This webinar will explore cutting-edge, less familiar but powerful experimentation methodologies which address well-known limitations of standard A/B Testing. Designed for data and product leaders, this session aims to inspire the embrace of innovative approaches and provide insights into the frontiers of experimentation!
STATATHON: Unleashing the Power of Statistics in a 48-Hour Knowledge Extravag...sameer shah
"Join us for STATATHON, a dynamic 2-day event dedicated to exploring statistical knowledge and its real-world applications. From theory to practice, participants engage in intensive learning sessions, workshops, and challenges, fostering a deeper understanding of statistical methodologies and their significance in various fields."
ViewShift: Hassle-free Dynamic Policy Enforcement for Every Data LakeWalaa Eldin Moustafa
Dynamic policy enforcement is becoming an increasingly important topic in today’s world where data privacy and compliance is a top priority for companies, individuals, and regulators alike. In these slides, we discuss how LinkedIn implements a powerful dynamic policy enforcement engine, called ViewShift, and integrates it within its data lake. We show the query engine architecture and how catalog implementations can automatically route table resolutions to compliance-enforcing SQL views. Such views have a set of very interesting properties: (1) They are auto-generated from declarative data annotations. (2) They respect user-level consent and preferences (3) They are context-aware, encoding a different set of transformations for different use cases (4) They are portable; while the SQL logic is only implemented in one SQL dialect, it is accessible in all engines.
#SQL #Views #Privacy #Compliance #DataLake
Global Situational Awareness of A.I. and where its headedvikram sood
You can see the future first in San Francisco.
Over the past year, the talk of the town has shifted from $10 billion compute clusters to $100 billion clusters to trillion-dollar clusters. Every six months another zero is added to the boardroom plans. Behind the scenes, there’s a fierce scramble to secure every power contract still available for the rest of the decade, every voltage transformer that can possibly be procured. American big business is gearing up to pour trillions of dollars into a long-unseen mobilization of American industrial might. By the end of the decade, American electricity production will have grown tens of percent; from the shale fields of Pennsylvania to the solar farms of Nevada, hundreds of millions of GPUs will hum.
The AGI race has begun. We are building machines that can think and reason. By 2025/26, these machines will outpace college graduates. By the end of the decade, they will be smarter than you or I; we will have superintelligence, in the true sense of the word. Along the way, national security forces not seen in half a century will be un-leashed, and before long, The Project will be on. If we’re lucky, we’ll be in an all-out race with the CCP; if we’re unlucky, an all-out war.
Everyone is now talking about AI, but few have the faintest glimmer of what is about to hit them. Nvidia analysts still think 2024 might be close to the peak. Mainstream pundits are stuck on the wilful blindness of “it’s just predicting the next word”. They see only hype and business-as-usual; at most they entertain another internet-scale technological change.
Before long, the world will wake up. But right now, there are perhaps a few hundred people, most of them in San Francisco and the AI labs, that have situational awareness. Through whatever peculiar forces of fate, I have found myself amongst them. A few years ago, these people were derided as crazy—but they trusted the trendlines, which allowed them to correctly predict the AI advances of the past few years. Whether these people are also right about the next few years remains to be seen. But these are very smart people—the smartest people I have ever met—and they are the ones building this technology. Perhaps they will be an odd footnote in history, or perhaps they will go down in history like Szilard and Oppenheimer and Teller. If they are seeing the future even close to correctly, we are in for a wild ride.
Let me tell you what we see.
2. Methodology
2
Audience: Consumers who have received/purchased reusable
bags in the past year
Qualification Rate: From a national sample of 3,568 individuals, 2,566
terminated due to not having acquired a reusable bag
in the past year, resulting in a 28% incidence rate.
Sample Size: 1,002 National
MOE: ± 3.1%
Methodology: Online Survey
Timing: February 28 – March 7, 2014
3. Key Findings
• Our calculation indicates that non-woven polypropylene (NWPP) bags used for grocery
shopping are each used approximately 15 times.
– Additionally, many of these bags are infrequently or never cleaned.
• NWPP bags are forgotten on approximately 40% of grocery trips, leading many bag owners to
use plastic bags.
– Many NWPP bags are also used for other purposes, such as transporting items or storing items at
home.
• Low density polyethylene (LDPE) bags are reused by a much smaller percentage of the
population for groceries and have a reuse frequency of approximately 3 times.
3
5. The following process was used to compute the average number of bag
reuses per year.
Corrections/Exclusions
One outlier bag usage recoded to equal total number of bags (from
65 to 6), and individuals who do not own NWPP bags were
removed.
Those who do not own any NWPP bags that they use for groceries
were excluded (n=135).
Calculate Grocery
Trips Per Week
Based on trips in the
past week. Value is
capped at 7. Those
who did not report a
grocery shopping trip
in the last week are
assigned a value of 0.5.
Calculate NWPP
Bags Used Per Trip
Based on number of
NWPP bags at last trip.
Those who did not use
a NWPP bag were
assigned a value equal
to the population
median (1).
Calculate Freq. of
NWPP Use
Number of times in the
last 10 grocery trips a
person remembered to
bring NWPP bags,
divided by 10 so as to
be expressed as a
percentage.
Calculate NWPP
Bag Replacements
Values assigned based
on the frequency of
bag replacement.
Those who “never”
replace are assigned a
value equal to the bags
received in past year.
Calculate NWPP
Reuses
Divide the number of
bags used per year by
the replacement value
to arrive at the median
number of NWPP bag
reuses per person.
5
Assuming the number of shopping trips made in the last week and the number of
NWPP bags used in that trip are both typical and can be extrapolated to a full year…
6. First, the average number of bag reuses per year was calculated based on
grocery trips per week, NWPP bags used per trip and the frequency with
which NWPP bags are use for grocery trips.
6
NWPPR = NWPP bag reuses
52 = Number of weeks in a year
GTRIPSPW = Average grocery trips per week
NWPPPT = NWPP bags used per grocery trip
NWPPFREQ = Frequency of bringing NWPP bags on grocery trips
Among Consumers who Received/Purchased a Reusable Bag in Past Year
(52 x GTRIPSPW x NWPPPT x NWPPFREQ)NWPPR =
The following formula was applied at the individual level in the data set
to determine the average reuse rate per respondent
7. This value was then adjusted to account for the number of bags a person
cycles through per year. This value (U1) was assigned as follows:
7
44%
24%
20%
4%
5%
4%
Never
Once a year
A few times a year
Once a month
Once every few weeks
Once a week or more
*If respondents “never” replace their bags AND did not acquire at least one NWPP bag over the past year, they are
assigned an implied rotation rate value based on half the age (in years) of their oldest bag, based on a midpoint value.
Q27: And how often do you discard and replace your non-woven polypropylene bags that you use for groceries?
Value Assigned
52
17
12
3
1
# of NWPP bags
acquired in past year*
Frequency of NWPP Bag Replacement
8. Finally, the adjusted NWPP reuses per year was calculated using the
reduction factor identified by bag replacement.
8
15.0
NWPP Bag
Reuses
Among Consumers who Received/Purchased a Reusable Bag in Past Year
(52 x GTRIPSPW x NWPPPT x NWPPFREQ)
NWPPR =
U1
NWPPR = NWPP bag reuses
52 = Number of weeks in a year
GTRIPSPW = Average grocery trips per week
NWPPPT = NWPP bags used per grocery trip
NWPPFREQ = Frequency of bringing NWPP bags on grocery trips
U1 = Number of NWPP bags a person cycles through annually
The following formula was applied at the individual level in the data set
to determine the average reuse rate per respondent
9. When one additional exclusion is made removing individuals who shop for
groceries at warehouse clubs (their use of NWPP bags does not offset the
use of plastic retail bags) the overall reuse rate declines slightly.
9
14.6
NWPP Bag
Reuses
Among Consumers who Received/Purchased a Reusable Bag in Past Year and Do
Not Shop at Warehouse Clubs
(52 x GTRIPSPW x NWPPPT x NWPPFREQ)
NWPPR =
U1
NWPPR = NWPP bag reuses
52 = Number of weeks in a year
GTRIPSPW = Average grocery trips per week
NWPPPT = NWPP bags used per grocery trip
NWPPFREQ = Frequency of bringing NWPP bags on grocery trips
U1 = Number of NWPP bags a person cycles through annually
The following formula was applied at the individual level in the data set
to determine the average reuse rate per respondent
10. Additionally, when looking at individuals in markets where a plastic bag ban
is legislated versus those in markets where a ban is not legislated, those in
legislated markets tend to use their bags slightly more frequently.*
10
17.3
NWPP Bag
Reuses
Among Consumers who Received/Purchased a Reusable Bag in Past Year and Do Not Shop at Warehouse Clubs
(52 x GTRIPSPW x NWPPPT x NWPPFREQ)
NWPPR =
U1
The following formula was applied at the individual level in the data set to determine the average reuse rate
per respondent
* Note that legislated market results are based on a small sample size of 65 respondents compared to 733 in non-
legislated markets. Additional sample could further validate these results.
Legislated Markets
13.9
NWPP Bag
Reuses
Non-Legislated Markets
12. 61%
22%
10% 6%
45%
41%
8%
3%
Non-woven polypropylene Plastic Paper Low density polyethylene
Preferred Bag Typically Used
Shopping Bag Preferences
Consumers who have purchased/received a reusable bag in the past year
generally prefer using NWPP bags, but are using plastic just as often.
Q16/17: What one type of bag do you typically use or ask for when grocery shopping?
Q18: And thinking about the different types of bags available to use or ask for when shopping, which one would you say
is your preferred bag?
Preferred Bag
12
13. 37%
86%
86%
I'll only use resuable shopping bags if they're
free
Reusable shopping bags are sturdier than
other bags
Reusable shopping bags are more
environmentally friendly than other bags
These consumers are favorable toward reusable bags in general and believe
they are eco-friendly and sturdy.
13
Q37-40: How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements?
Reusable Bag Perceptions
(% Agree)
14. Those who prefer NWPP bags over other types of bags specifically cite
durability and environmental reasons for this preference.
14
Q19: For what reason is this your preferred bag?
Plastic (n=222) Non-Woven Polypropylene (n=607)
15. Plastic bag legislation has little impact on reported bag preferences.
Q18: And thinking about the different types of bags available to use or ask for when shopping, which one would you say
is your preferred bag?
65%
18%
11%
5%
60%
23%
10%
5%
Non-woven polypropylene Plastic Paper Low density polyethylene
Aware Not Aware
Preferred Bag By Legislation Awareness
Preferred Bag
15
16. NWPP preference declines slightly when there are a higher number of
grocery trips per week.
Q18: And thinking about the different types of bags available to use or ask for when shopping, which one would you say
is your preferred bag?
64%
18%
13%
3%
60%
23%
9% 6%
54%
22%
11% 12%
Non-woven polypropylene Plastic Paper Low density polyethylene
0-1 trips/week 2-4 trips/week 5+ trips/week
Preferred Bag By Number of Trips
Preferred Bag
Interestingly, LDPE preference
increases with the # of
grocery trips per week
16
17. And while NWPP is the preferred bag irrespective of store type, consumers
who shop big-box stores for groceries are more likely than others to prefer
plastic bags.
Q18: And thinking about the different types of bags available to use or ask for when shopping, which one would you say
is your preferred bag?
62%
21%
11%
5%
58%
28%
7% 6%
61%
14%
18%
8%
65%
12% 10% 10%
Non-woven polypropylene Plastic Paper Low density polyethylene
Supermarket Big-Box Warehouse Specialty
Preferred Bag By Preferred Store
Preferred Bag
17
19. Despite a high level of NWPP preference, many of these consumers are
using both NWPP AND plastic at the grocery store.
Type of Bag Used
9%
10%
17%
59%
61%
Box
Low density polyethylene
Paper
Non-woven polypropylene
Plastic
Average Number of Bags Used
19
Q13: Which of the following types of bags were used to pack your groceries during your most recent grocery trip?
Q14 And thinking about each of the different types of bags hat were used during this most recent grocery trip, how
many of each was used?
5.8
3.3
2.8
3.5
2.2
20. About half of consumers who are aware of some type of plastic bag
legislation in their area still used plastic at their most recent grocery
shopping trip.
Q13: Which of the following types of bags were used to pack your groceries during your most recent grocery trip?
Type of Bag Used By Legislation Awareness
48%
71%
25%
16%
65%
56%
15%
9%
Plastic Non-woven polypropylene Paper Low density polyethylene
Aware Not Aware
Type of Bag Used
20
21. And half those who prefer NWPP report having used plastic bags at their
most recent grocery shopping trip.
Q13: Which of the following types of bags were used to pack your groceries during your most recent grocery trip?
88%
30%
13%
7%
51%
76%
14%
8%
Plastic Non-woven polypropylene Paper Low density polyethylene
Prefer Plastic Prefer NWPP
Type of Bag Used By Bag Preference
Type of Bag Used
21
22. Plastic bag usage is highest among those who generally shop supermarkets
and big-box retailers.
Q13: Which of the following types of bags were used to pack your groceries during your most recent grocery trip?
61% 60%
17%
8%
72%
53%
13% 13%
36%
62%
20% 22%
35%
78%
33%
8%
Plastic Non-woven polypropylene Paper Low density polyethylene
Supermarket Big-Box Warehouse Specialty
Type of Bag Used By Preferred Store
Type of Bag Used
22
24. On average, consumers who have received/purchased a reusable bag AND
own at least one NWPP bag own 5.1 NWPP bags and use most for groceries.
Q22: Approximately how many non-woven polypropylene reusable shopping bags would you say you own in total?
Q23: And approximately how many of these non-woven polypropylene reusable shopping bags would you say you use for groceries?
Q24: Over the past year, how many non-woven polypropylene bags did you receive or purchase?
87%
use their NWPP
bags for groceries
Total NWPP bags
NWPP grocery bags
54%
acquired 3+ NWPP
bags in past year
5.1 Average NWPP Bags Owned
3.8 Average NWPP Bags Used for Groceries
24
25. These consumers remember their bags for about 60% of their grocery trips.
25
Q29: How often do you remember to bring your non-woven polypropylene bags into the tore with you when grocery
shopping?
Q30: Thinking about the last 10 grocery shopping trips you’ve taken, on how many occasions would you say you’ve used
a non-woven polypropylene bag to pack your purchases?
1%
7%
19%
43%
31%
Never
Not very often
Sometimes
Most of the time
Every time
How Often Do You Remember
Your NWPP Bags?
How Many Times Did You Use
NWPP Bags in Your Last 10 Trips?
6.4 trips
26. Those who own NWPP bags are using them for more than just groceries –
they also transport items when they visit family and friends, use them for
other shopping trips, etc.
26
Q31: Do you use non-woven polypropylene bags for any of the other items below?
64%
40%
36%
31%
Taking items when
visiting family /
friends
Other shopping trips Taking items with me
to work
Storing items around
the house
Other Uses for NWPP Bags
27. On average, these consumers’ oldest NWPP bag is around 2 years old, but
despite the age, many are not cleaning and disinfecting their bags.
27
Q25: Thinking about the non-woven polypropylene reusable bags you own and use for groceries, approximately how
long have you had your oldest one?
Q26: And thinking about your non-woven polypropylene reusable bags that you use for groceries, approximately how
often do you clean and disinfect them?
Q27: And how often do you discard and replace your non-woven polypropylene reusable bags that you use for
groceries?
2.0
Years old
28%
4%
15%
19%
19%
16%
Never
Once a year
A few times per year
Once a month
Once every few weeks
Once a week or more
Average Age of Oldest Bag How Often Do You Clean
Your NWPP Bags?
28. Cleanliness of NWPP Bags
28
Approximately 16.4 million
consumers in the U.S. are walking into
grocery stores each week with bags
that have NEVER been cleaned.
That’s more than the adult population
of New York.
CALCULATION:
240 million adults in the US
28% purchased/received a reusable bag in the past year (study incidence)
87% of study sample use NWPP bags for groceries
28% of these consumers NEVER clean their bags
30. One-third of consumers who purchased/received a bag in the past year got
an LDPE bag, most of whom reused that bag.
Q32: In the past 12 months, have you purchased or received one of these bags?
Q33: After purchasing this type of bag did you reuse it for any other purposes?
Yes, and reused
25%
Yes, but did not
reuse
8%
Did not receive
LDPE
68%
LDPE Bag Ownership
30
31. Those who reuse LDPE bags claim to reuse the bag for groceries more than
five times; however, to calculate the average number of reuses overall, we
assume that for each non-grocery reuse the bag is only used once.
31
Q33a: How did you reuse the low-density polyethylene bag that you purchased or received?
Q34: And approximately how many times did you reuse this bag for grocery shopping trips?
29%
32%
34%
39%
47%
51%
Other shopping trips
Taking items to work
Storing items
Grocery shopping
As a garbage bag
Taking items when visiting
friends
LDPE Bag Reuse Value Assigned
Reported # of grocery
reuses
1
1
1
1
1
32. By accounting for both grocery and non-grocery reuses, we calculate that
the average reuse rate for LDPE bags is approximately 3 times each.
32
Q33a: How did you reuse the low-density polyethylene bag that you purchased or received?
Q34: And approximately how many times did you reuse this bag for grocery shopping trips?
Average LDPE Reuses
3.1
Reuses
Among Consumers who Received/Purchased an LDPE Bag in Past Year