This document summarizes Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), a disease that affects the eyes of premature infants. It causes abnormal blood vessels to grow in the retina, which can lead to retinal detachment and blindness if not treated. The pathophysiology involves greater oxygen affinity in premature infants damaging retinal blood vessels over time. ROP is assessed through eye exams and imaging. Treatment includes cryotherapy, laser therapy, or surgery if the retina detaches. Nursing management focuses on carefully monitoring oxygen levels to limit below 70mmhg and supporting parents through the process.

1. PRESENTED BY,
MS.L.SOUNDARYA
M.SC.NURSING
(PEDIATRICS)
Retinopathy of
Prematurity (ROP)
(OR)
(Retrolental
Fibroplasia)

5. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease that primarily
occurs in premature babies. It causes abnormal blood
vessels to grow in the retina, the layer of nerve tissue in the
eye that enables us to see. This growth can cause the retina
to detach from the back of the eye, leading to blindness.

8. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
GREATER AFFINITY OF O2
VIT.E ANTIOXIDANT DEFICIENT IN
PREMATURE INFANTS
AFTER BIRTH THE HIGHER
CONCENTRATION OF O2 (OVER A
PERIOD OF TIME)

9. ACTS UPON THE PREMITIVE VASCULAR
OF THE EYES AND CAUSES
VASOCONSTRICTION OF THE RETINAL
CAPILLARIES LEADING TO AN
GROWTH OF THESE VESSELS
RETINAL VEINS DILATE AND BECOME
TORTUOUS

10. NEW VESSELS DEVELOP TOWARDS THE
LENS, THE AQUES AND VITREOUS
HUMORS BECOME TURBID
EDEMA OF THE RETINA
AND HEAMORRHAGE WITH
EXUDATE INTO THE RETINA
STRUCTURE SEPARETES FROM THE
INNER SURFACE OF THE EYE

11. RETINA DETACHES
AND FLOATS (MOVES)
FORWARD IN THE EYE
RETINA BECOME ATROPIC (A COMPLETELY
DETACHES AND USELESS FIBROTIC MASS)
BLINDNESSNESS MAY OCCUR

13. ZONES

14. EXTENT

15. STAGES
STAGE -0

16. STAGES
Stage One – A line of demarcation
between the vascular and avascular retina

17. Stage Two – The line comes a ridge

18. Stage Three – The ridge is associated with
neonvascularization entering the vitreous

19. STAGE FOUR- PARTIAL RETINAL DETACHMENT

21. STAGE FIVE- TOTAL RETINAL DETACHMENT

26. ASSESSMENT
History collection
Physical
examination
*Opthalmoscopic
examination
*Retinal examination

27. Optical Coherence Tomography
(OCT)
Noninvasive
Usually
forms 2-D
images
3-D pictures
can be
formed

28. Treatment
Treatment should start within
72 hours of the eye exam
“Plus disease” babies
need immediate treatment
Cryotherapy (freezing)
Laser therapy
Surgery is needed if the retina
detaches  Plus Disease

30. Prevention of severe disease
• Primary – decrease the number of infants
born at the gestations with highest risk
• Secondary -An agent that will prevent the
retinal blood vessel drop out after birth in
very premature infants
• Limit the vaso-proliferative phase
• Safe oxygen administration

32. NURSING MANAGEMENT
Cyanotic infants who need 02 therapy do
not require an arterial PO2 much higher
than 50mmhg
<70mmhg, inspired 02 concentration
should be reduced immediately
Continuous trans-cutaneous Pa02
electrodes is of vital importance in
monitoring PaO2 levels
Provide support to the parents and explain
their doubts.

33. THANK YOU