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IRDS is an acute respiratory disorder that occurs almost exclusively in premature infants due to immature lung development and deficiency of pulmonary surfactant. It can also affect full-term infants delivered by C-section or born to mothers with diabetes. Nursing management focuses on effective ventilation, oxygen therapy, maintaining normal temperature and nutrition, monitoring acid-base balance and vital signs, and administering nebulization therapy, fluids/electrolytes, and antibiotics.
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broncho pulmonary dysplasia
Broncho-pulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disease that affects premature infants who require prolonged mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy. It is characterized by pulmonary edema and a prolonged need for oxygen support. Prolonged ventilation, high oxygen levels, infection, and prematurity are significant risk factors. The condition progresses through four pathological stages from mild to severe, with changes including hyaline membranes, loss of cilia, fibrosis, and emphysema. Diagnosis is based on history, physical exam, imaging, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on oxygen supplementation, nutrition, fluid management, and bronchodilators. Prevention emphasizes antenatal steroids, surfactant, and limiting ventilation. Prognosis depends on
FlashPath - Lung - Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
This document discusses bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease that develops in preterm neonates who require prolonged treatment with oxygen therapy. It describes the clinical features, pathology, and evolution of BPD over time. Originally characterized by severe lung fibrosis, BPD is now referred to as "chronic lung disease of prematurity" or "new BPD" as modern management has reduced its severity. The pathology of new BPD involves arrested lung development, decreased alveolarization, and dysmorphic capillary formation rather than the fibrosis seen in classic BPD.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
This document discusses bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), including its definition, incidence, pathogenesis, clinical features, radiographic appearance, and clinical course. BPD was originally defined based on oxygen need at 28 days of age in premature infants, but definitions have evolved. Incidence increases with lower birth weight. Pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving prematurity, mechanical ventilation, oxygen toxicity, infection, inflammation, and genetic factors. Clinical features include tachypnea, retractions, and hypoxemia. Chest x-rays may show haziness, atelectasis, or hyperinflation. The clinical course ranges from improvement over months to severe illness requiring prolonged support.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that primarily affects premature infants who require prolonged oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation. The constant pressure and excess oxygen levels from these interventions can damage the delicate lung tissues of premature infants, leading to inflammation and scarring of the lungs. BPD occurs when the lungs are disrupted during their development in the womb or shortly after birth. Symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, and bluish skin color. While most infants recover fully over time, in rare cases BPD can cause serious complications. Treatment focuses on minimizing further lung damage and supporting lung growth through oxygen supplementation, nutrition management, and preventing infections.
Broncho pulmonary dysplasia(bpd)
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) develops in preterm neonates treated with oxygen and positive pressure ventilation. It is characterized by impaired lung development and long term pulmonary complications. Risk factors include prematurity, mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, infection and poor nutrition. BPD causes abnormalities in lung structure and function such as decreased lung volumes, air trapping and pulmonary hypertension. Treatment focuses on prevention through gentle ventilation, optimized nutrition and diuretics to facilitate weaning from oxygen and ventilation support.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonar y Dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of prematurity. It was historically described in the 1960s and has two forms - classical BPD involving extensive fibrosis and new BPD characterized by arrested lung development. The incidence increases with lower gestational age. Risk factors include genetics, inflammation, infection, oxidative stress, mechanical ventilation, poor nutrition and surfactant dysfunction. Prevention focuses on antenatal steroids, gentle resuscitation with low oxygen, early CPAP/NIPPV, synchronized ventilation, adequate nutrition and fluid restriction to avoid pulmonary edema.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
This document discusses bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of prematurity. It covers the causes and risk factors for BPD including preterm birth, mechanical ventilation, oxygen toxicity, infection and genetic factors. The pathogenesis involves disrupted lung development and an inflammatory response. Clinical presentation and management approaches are described for the early, evolving and established phases of BPD. Management focuses on ventilation strategies, oxygen saturation targets, surfactant therapy, vitamins A and caffeine supplementation, and treatments to improve lung function and support growth.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a pathologic process leading to signs and symptoms of chronic lung disease that originates in the neonatal period.
Presented by Dr. Tahir
Recommended
broncho pulmonary dysplasia
Broncho-pulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disease that affects premature infants who require prolonged mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy. It is characterized by pulmonary edema and a prolonged need for oxygen support. Prolonged ventilation, high oxygen levels, infection, and prematurity are significant risk factors. The condition progresses through four pathological stages from mild to severe, with changes including hyaline membranes, loss of cilia, fibrosis, and emphysema. Diagnosis is based on history, physical exam, imaging, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on oxygen supplementation, nutrition, fluid management, and bronchodilators. Prevention emphasizes antenatal steroids, surfactant, and limiting ventilation. Prognosis depends on
FlashPath - Lung - Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
This document discusses bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease that develops in preterm neonates who require prolonged treatment with oxygen therapy. It describes the clinical features, pathology, and evolution of BPD over time. Originally characterized by severe lung fibrosis, BPD is now referred to as "chronic lung disease of prematurity" or "new BPD" as modern management has reduced its severity. The pathology of new BPD involves arrested lung development, decreased alveolarization, and dysmorphic capillary formation rather than the fibrosis seen in classic BPD.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
This document discusses bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), including its definition, incidence, pathogenesis, clinical features, radiographic appearance, and clinical course. BPD was originally defined based on oxygen need at 28 days of age in premature infants, but definitions have evolved. Incidence increases with lower birth weight. Pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving prematurity, mechanical ventilation, oxygen toxicity, infection, inflammation, and genetic factors. Clinical features include tachypnea, retractions, and hypoxemia. Chest x-rays may show haziness, atelectasis, or hyperinflation. The clinical course ranges from improvement over months to severe illness requiring prolonged support.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that primarily affects premature infants who require prolonged oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation. The constant pressure and excess oxygen levels from these interventions can damage the delicate lung tissues of premature infants, leading to inflammation and scarring of the lungs. BPD occurs when the lungs are disrupted during their development in the womb or shortly after birth. Symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, and bluish skin color. While most infants recover fully over time, in rare cases BPD can cause serious complications. Treatment focuses on minimizing further lung damage and supporting lung growth through oxygen supplementation, nutrition management, and preventing infections.
Broncho pulmonary dysplasia(bpd)
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) develops in preterm neonates treated with oxygen and positive pressure ventilation. It is characterized by impaired lung development and long term pulmonary complications. Risk factors include prematurity, mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, infection and poor nutrition. BPD causes abnormalities in lung structure and function such as decreased lung volumes, air trapping and pulmonary hypertension. Treatment focuses on prevention through gentle ventilation, optimized nutrition and diuretics to facilitate weaning from oxygen and ventilation support.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonar y Dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of prematurity. It was historically described in the 1960s and has two forms - classical BPD involving extensive fibrosis and new BPD characterized by arrested lung development. The incidence increases with lower gestational age. Risk factors include genetics, inflammation, infection, oxidative stress, mechanical ventilation, poor nutrition and surfactant dysfunction. Prevention focuses on antenatal steroids, gentle resuscitation with low oxygen, early CPAP/NIPPV, synchronized ventilation, adequate nutrition and fluid restriction to avoid pulmonary edema.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
This document discusses bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of prematurity. It covers the causes and risk factors for BPD including preterm birth, mechanical ventilation, oxygen toxicity, infection and genetic factors. The pathogenesis involves disrupted lung development and an inflammatory response. Clinical presentation and management approaches are described for the early, evolving and established phases of BPD. Management focuses on ventilation strategies, oxygen saturation targets, surfactant therapy, vitamins A and caffeine supplementation, and treatments to improve lung function and support growth.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a pathologic process leading to signs and symptoms of chronic lung disease that originates in the neonatal period.
Presented by Dr. Tahir
Ppt bpd
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also known as chronic lung disease of prematurity, is a chronic lung condition that can affect premature infants. It occurs as a result of lung injury from mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy needed to treat respiratory distress syndrome. The incidence of BPD has increased with improved survival of very low birth weight infants. Risk factors include prematurity, infection, oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and a patent ductus arteriosus. The pathogenesis involves oxidative stress, lung inflammation, and arrested alveolar development. Treatment focuses on preventing lung injury through gentle ventilation strategies, permissive hypercapnia/hypoxemia, nutrition support, and in some cases postnatal corticosteroids.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
This document discusses bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease that occurs in premature infants requiring respiratory support. It covers the definition, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, prevention, and treatment of BPD. The definition has evolved over time from relying solely on oxygen need at 28 days to incorporating factors like oxygen need, pressure support, and gestational age. BPD results from lung injury and disrupted lung development due to prematurity and respiratory support. Management aims to protect the lung from injury through gentle ventilation, optimal oxygen levels, and other strategies.
An Overview of Bronchopumonary Displasia (BPD)
The document provides an overview of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), discussing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, definitions, clinical presentation, management, and goals of treatment. It describes both the "old" and "new" forms of BPD, and compares the histopathology and clinical features. The management of BPD focuses on nutrition, medications, oxygen therapy, and goals for transitioning patients from mechanical ventilation to home.
Bpd
The correct answer is 43,200 breaths. At a rate of 30 breaths per minute, there are 30 * 60 * 24 = 43,200 breaths delivered per day on SIMV.
Broncho Pulmonary Dysplasia
The document discusses Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease that develops in premature infants requiring oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation. It covers the background, pathophysiology, stages, frequency, complications and medical management of BPD. The medical management includes strategies to prevent lung injury through gentle ventilation, optimizing nutrition and oxygen therapy, using medications like diuretics and bronchodilators, and facilitating weaning from oxygen and ventilator support.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung disease that primarily affects extremely premature infants. The most severe cases occur in babies born between 23-26 weeks gestation. While corticosteroids and diuretics can provide short-term improvement for ventilator-dependent infants, there are safety concerns about steroid use. When transitioning infants with BPD from the neonatal intensive care unit to other facilities, it can be difficult for parents to adjust to new practices and staff. Oxygen management also varies, as there is no consensus on optimal weaning.
4 bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in children under 2 years old caused by viruses like respiratory syncytial virus. It presents with symptoms of cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing and feeding. Risk factors include premature birth, exposure to tobacco smoke and attendance at daycare. Diagnosis is clinical and treatment is supportive with oxygen, fluids and respiratory support if severe. Prevention focuses on handwashing and palivizumab prophylaxis in high risk infants to reduce spread of the virus. Prognosis is generally good even in high risk groups though complications can include respiratory failure.
Nrds
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease, is a condition caused by insufficient pulmonary surfactant production in premature infants. It affects gas exchange in the lungs and can be life-threatening. The diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, chest x-rays, and blood gas analysis showing hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis. Treatment focuses on supportive care including oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation if needed. Prevention centers around reducing preterm birth through good prenatal care and administering corticosteroids to speed up lung maturation.
Respiratory distress syndrome
Respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening lung disorder that affects newborns, especially preterm infants. It results from underdeveloped lungs and low surfactant levels. Signs include rapid breathing, grunting, and chest retractions within 6 hours of birth. Treatment involves oxygen therapy, ventilation support if needed, maintaining nutrition/hydration intravenously, and surfactant replacement. With appropriate care, survival rates are 60-80% for infants over 1000g, though complications can include brain/lung issues. Respiratory distress syndrome requires close monitoring and management of respiratory and metabolic acidosis in newborns.
AIRDS
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a type of respiratory failure characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs.
Case presentation
This document presents the case of a 31-year-old Ethiopian female patient admitted with complaints of fever, cough, sweating and weight loss. She was diagnosed with bilateral extensive pulmonary tuberculosis based on positive sputum samples. After one month of anti-tuberculosis treatment, a chest x-ray revealed a right-sided pneumothorax. The standard treatment of chest tube insertion was considered but due to risk of developing a broncho-pleural fistula as she had TB, the doctor decided on conservative management with close monitoring and supplemental oxygen. Serial chest x-rays over the next few weeks showed resolution of the pneumothorax without need for a chest tube. The patient was eventually discharged after completing an extended course
BPD Into Adulthood
This document provides an overview of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) from infancy through adulthood. It discusses lung development, the pathophysiology and risk factors for BPD, management including therapies and prevention strategies, and the potential sequelae. In childhood, BPD can cause increased cough, asthma-like symptoms, and impaired lung function and growth. While most children see resolution of issues like ventilator dependence and pulmonary hypertension, some functional limitations may persist into adulthood.
Respiratory distress syndrome
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a condition seen primarily in premature infants caused by a lack of pulmonary surfactant. This deficiency leads to alveolar collapse and respiratory failure. The risk of developing RDS increases the younger the gestational age. Clinical presentation includes tachypnea, retractions, and hypoxemia. Diagnosis is made based on clinical features and chest x-ray showing diffuse lung opacities. Treatment focuses on supportive care including oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation. Surfactant replacement therapy is also used to reduce mortality from RDS.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Rds)
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is an acute lung disease in newborns caused by pulmonary surfactant deficiency, which tends to occur in preterm infants younger than 32 weeks gestational age. The incidence increases with lower gestational age and higher rates are seen in infants of diabetic mothers. Treatment involves oxygen therapy, ventilation support, and replacement of pulmonary surfactant to reduce mortality and complications like pneumothorax. Prevention strategies include antenatal corticosteroid therapy and prophylactic surfactant treatment.
Respiratory distress syndrome
This document provides information about respiratory distress syndrome in neonates. It defines respiratory distress syndrome and lists its causes as prematurity, maternal diabetes, meconium aspiration syndrome, caesarean section, and pulmonary or non-pulmonary issues. The clinical features, diagnostic measures, management including oxygen therapy, ventilation support, nutrition, and nursing care are described. The prognosis is generally good with timely treatment but complications can include patent ductus arteriosus and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Ravi jc candida-1
This study analyzed 114 cases of neonatal Candida bloodstream infection from a tertiary care hospital in central India over 5 years. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) infections like C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis were associated with higher mortality and longer hospital stays. Resistance to fluconazole and amphotericin B was also higher in NAC infections. Prolonged use of central lines, nil oral intake, mechanical ventilation and longer hospital stays were identified as risk factors. The study highlights the need for timely identification of Candida species and antifungal susceptibility testing to help improve outcomes.
Updates In Bronchiolitis 23 2 2010 Dr Humaid
This document summarizes recent evidence on the diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis. It defines bronchiolitis and discusses causes such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus. Clinical features include fever, cough, wheezing and respiratory distress. Risk factors for severe disease are described. Treatment is generally supportive with oxygen, fluids and respiratory support as needed. Bronchodilators and corticosteroids are not routinely recommended but may be considered in some cases.
Status asthmaticus by Pushpa Raj Sharma
The correct statement is B. Most devices require a gas flow rate of 10-12 L/min to generate optimal particle size.
Rds ppt.
This document discusses respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates. It describes the nursing diagnoses of impaired gas exchange and impaired spontaneous ventilation that may be related to RDS. It outlines nursing responsibilities like airway stabilization, oxygen therapy, thermoregulation, and blood gas monitoring. Equipment used to treat RDS includes incubators, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and pulse oximeters. Surfactant replacement therapy aims to support the lungs until surfactant develops naturally.
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
This document provides an overview of the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It describes COPD as a disease characterized by chronic bronchitis and emphysema that causes airflow obstruction. The main risk factors are cigarette smoking, occupational exposures, and genetic factors. Symptoms include cough, sputum production, and dyspnea. Diagnosis involves pulmonary function tests, blood gas tests, and imaging. Treatment focuses on smoking cessation, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and surgery for severe cases. Nursing management includes airway clearance techniques, breathing exercises, activity pacing, and monitoring for complications.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a respiratory failure condition characterized by acute hypoxemia and increased alveolar-capillary permeability caused by diffuse pulmonary inflammation from diverse etiologies. It has an incidence of 150,000 cases per year in the US, with 50% mortality often due to gram-negative bacterial infections. ARDS can result from direct lung injury such as pneumonia or indirect injury such as sepsis, and progresses through exudative, proliferative, and fibrotic phases over time. Management involves identifying and treating the underlying cause while providing supportive care and oxygen therapy.
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
This document provides an overview of bronchial asthma. It defines asthma as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction that causes symptoms like coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that results in recurrent episodes of airflow obstruction that are usually reversible. The document discusses triggers of asthma and lists diagnostic tests like pulmonary function tests, serum immunoglobulin E tests, and computed tomography scans. It outlines the medical management goals for asthma and discusses drug therapy, dietary management, and surgical options. Nursing management of asthma includes patient education, activity pacing, oxygen therapy, and teaching about asthma triggers and proper inhaler usage.
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Ppt bpd
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also known as chronic lung disease of prematurity, is a chronic lung condition that can affect premature infants. It occurs as a result of lung injury from mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy needed to treat respiratory distress syndrome. The incidence of BPD has increased with improved survival of very low birth weight infants. Risk factors include prematurity, infection, oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and a patent ductus arteriosus. The pathogenesis involves oxidative stress, lung inflammation, and arrested alveolar development. Treatment focuses on preventing lung injury through gentle ventilation strategies, permissive hypercapnia/hypoxemia, nutrition support, and in some cases postnatal corticosteroids.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
This document discusses bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease that occurs in premature infants requiring respiratory support. It covers the definition, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, prevention, and treatment of BPD. The definition has evolved over time from relying solely on oxygen need at 28 days to incorporating factors like oxygen need, pressure support, and gestational age. BPD results from lung injury and disrupted lung development due to prematurity and respiratory support. Management aims to protect the lung from injury through gentle ventilation, optimal oxygen levels, and other strategies.
An Overview of Bronchopumonary Displasia (BPD)
The document provides an overview of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), discussing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, definitions, clinical presentation, management, and goals of treatment. It describes both the "old" and "new" forms of BPD, and compares the histopathology and clinical features. The management of BPD focuses on nutrition, medications, oxygen therapy, and goals for transitioning patients from mechanical ventilation to home.
Bpd
The correct answer is 43,200 breaths. At a rate of 30 breaths per minute, there are 30 * 60 * 24 = 43,200 breaths delivered per day on SIMV.
Broncho Pulmonary Dysplasia
The document discusses Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease that develops in premature infants requiring oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation. It covers the background, pathophysiology, stages, frequency, complications and medical management of BPD. The medical management includes strategies to prevent lung injury through gentle ventilation, optimizing nutrition and oxygen therapy, using medications like diuretics and bronchodilators, and facilitating weaning from oxygen and ventilator support.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung disease that primarily affects extremely premature infants. The most severe cases occur in babies born between 23-26 weeks gestation. While corticosteroids and diuretics can provide short-term improvement for ventilator-dependent infants, there are safety concerns about steroid use. When transitioning infants with BPD from the neonatal intensive care unit to other facilities, it can be difficult for parents to adjust to new practices and staff. Oxygen management also varies, as there is no consensus on optimal weaning.
4 bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in children under 2 years old caused by viruses like respiratory syncytial virus. It presents with symptoms of cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing and feeding. Risk factors include premature birth, exposure to tobacco smoke and attendance at daycare. Diagnosis is clinical and treatment is supportive with oxygen, fluids and respiratory support if severe. Prevention focuses on handwashing and palivizumab prophylaxis in high risk infants to reduce spread of the virus. Prognosis is generally good even in high risk groups though complications can include respiratory failure.
Nrds
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease, is a condition caused by insufficient pulmonary surfactant production in premature infants. It affects gas exchange in the lungs and can be life-threatening. The diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, chest x-rays, and blood gas analysis showing hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis. Treatment focuses on supportive care including oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation if needed. Prevention centers around reducing preterm birth through good prenatal care and administering corticosteroids to speed up lung maturation.
Respiratory distress syndrome
Respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening lung disorder that affects newborns, especially preterm infants. It results from underdeveloped lungs and low surfactant levels. Signs include rapid breathing, grunting, and chest retractions within 6 hours of birth. Treatment involves oxygen therapy, ventilation support if needed, maintaining nutrition/hydration intravenously, and surfactant replacement. With appropriate care, survival rates are 60-80% for infants over 1000g, though complications can include brain/lung issues. Respiratory distress syndrome requires close monitoring and management of respiratory and metabolic acidosis in newborns.
AIRDS
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a type of respiratory failure characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs.
Case presentation
This document presents the case of a 31-year-old Ethiopian female patient admitted with complaints of fever, cough, sweating and weight loss. She was diagnosed with bilateral extensive pulmonary tuberculosis based on positive sputum samples. After one month of anti-tuberculosis treatment, a chest x-ray revealed a right-sided pneumothorax. The standard treatment of chest tube insertion was considered but due to risk of developing a broncho-pleural fistula as she had TB, the doctor decided on conservative management with close monitoring and supplemental oxygen. Serial chest x-rays over the next few weeks showed resolution of the pneumothorax without need for a chest tube. The patient was eventually discharged after completing an extended course
BPD Into Adulthood
This document provides an overview of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) from infancy through adulthood. It discusses lung development, the pathophysiology and risk factors for BPD, management including therapies and prevention strategies, and the potential sequelae. In childhood, BPD can cause increased cough, asthma-like symptoms, and impaired lung function and growth. While most children see resolution of issues like ventilator dependence and pulmonary hypertension, some functional limitations may persist into adulthood.
Respiratory distress syndrome
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a condition seen primarily in premature infants caused by a lack of pulmonary surfactant. This deficiency leads to alveolar collapse and respiratory failure. The risk of developing RDS increases the younger the gestational age. Clinical presentation includes tachypnea, retractions, and hypoxemia. Diagnosis is made based on clinical features and chest x-ray showing diffuse lung opacities. Treatment focuses on supportive care including oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation. Surfactant replacement therapy is also used to reduce mortality from RDS.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Rds)
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is an acute lung disease in newborns caused by pulmonary surfactant deficiency, which tends to occur in preterm infants younger than 32 weeks gestational age. The incidence increases with lower gestational age and higher rates are seen in infants of diabetic mothers. Treatment involves oxygen therapy, ventilation support, and replacement of pulmonary surfactant to reduce mortality and complications like pneumothorax. Prevention strategies include antenatal corticosteroid therapy and prophylactic surfactant treatment.
Respiratory distress syndrome
This document provides information about respiratory distress syndrome in neonates. It defines respiratory distress syndrome and lists its causes as prematurity, maternal diabetes, meconium aspiration syndrome, caesarean section, and pulmonary or non-pulmonary issues. The clinical features, diagnostic measures, management including oxygen therapy, ventilation support, nutrition, and nursing care are described. The prognosis is generally good with timely treatment but complications can include patent ductus arteriosus and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Ravi jc candida-1
This study analyzed 114 cases of neonatal Candida bloodstream infection from a tertiary care hospital in central India over 5 years. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) infections like C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis were associated with higher mortality and longer hospital stays. Resistance to fluconazole and amphotericin B was also higher in NAC infections. Prolonged use of central lines, nil oral intake, mechanical ventilation and longer hospital stays were identified as risk factors. The study highlights the need for timely identification of Candida species and antifungal susceptibility testing to help improve outcomes.
Updates In Bronchiolitis 23 2 2010 Dr Humaid
This document summarizes recent evidence on the diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis. It defines bronchiolitis and discusses causes such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus. Clinical features include fever, cough, wheezing and respiratory distress. Risk factors for severe disease are described. Treatment is generally supportive with oxygen, fluids and respiratory support as needed. Bronchodilators and corticosteroids are not routinely recommended but may be considered in some cases.
Status asthmaticus by Pushpa Raj Sharma
The correct statement is B. Most devices require a gas flow rate of 10-12 L/min to generate optimal particle size.
Rds ppt.
This document discusses respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates. It describes the nursing diagnoses of impaired gas exchange and impaired spontaneous ventilation that may be related to RDS. It outlines nursing responsibilities like airway stabilization, oxygen therapy, thermoregulation, and blood gas monitoring. Equipment used to treat RDS includes incubators, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and pulse oximeters. Surfactant replacement therapy aims to support the lungs until surfactant develops naturally.
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
This document provides an overview of the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It describes COPD as a disease characterized by chronic bronchitis and emphysema that causes airflow obstruction. The main risk factors are cigarette smoking, occupational exposures, and genetic factors. Symptoms include cough, sputum production, and dyspnea. Diagnosis involves pulmonary function tests, blood gas tests, and imaging. Treatment focuses on smoking cessation, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and surgery for severe cases. Nursing management includes airway clearance techniques, breathing exercises, activity pacing, and monitoring for complications.
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a respiratory failure condition characterized by acute hypoxemia and increased alveolar-capillary permeability caused by diffuse pulmonary inflammation from diverse etiologies. It has an incidence of 150,000 cases per year in the US, with 50% mortality often due to gram-negative bacterial infections. ARDS can result from direct lung injury such as pneumonia or indirect injury such as sepsis, and progresses through exudative, proliferative, and fibrotic phases over time. Management involves identifying and treating the underlying cause while providing supportive care and oxygen therapy.
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
This document provides an overview of bronchial asthma. It defines asthma as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction that causes symptoms like coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that results in recurrent episodes of airflow obstruction that are usually reversible. The document discusses triggers of asthma and lists diagnostic tests like pulmonary function tests, serum immunoglobulin E tests, and computed tomography scans. It outlines the medical management goals for asthma and discusses drug therapy, dietary management, and surgical options. Nursing management of asthma includes patient education, activity pacing, oxygen therapy, and teaching about asthma triggers and proper inhaler usage.
Respiratory distress syndrome
This document provides information on respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), including its definition, etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, investigations, management, nursing diagnoses, and nursing interventions. RDS is a disease in newborns related to deficiency of surfactant in the lungs, leading to respiratory distress. Key factors that can decrease surfactant and contribute to RDS include prematurity, hypothermia, asphyxia, and having a diabetic mother. Management involves supportive care like oxygen supplementation and ventilation support if needed, as well as more aggressive treatments like surfactant replacement therapy for very preterm infants.
Asthma and nursing managements
TOPIC: Nursing Management of Br.Asthma
المحاضر: فريدة محمد مصطفى (مشرفه التعليم الطبي بالتمريض)
SPEAKER: Sr.Fareedah M. Mustafa
( Nursing Education Coordinator , MGH)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
This document discusses acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It begins with an introduction and definition of ARDS. ARDS is an acute respiratory failure where the alveolar capillary membrane becomes damaged and more permeable, resulting in hypoxemia. The document then covers the etiology and risk factors of ARDS, which can be direct lung injury from things like pneumonia or indirect injury from sepsis. The pathophysiology of ARDS is explained through a schematic. Clinical manifestations like dyspnea and hypoxemia are outlined. Diagnostic evaluations and potential complications of ARDS are also reviewed. The document concludes with discussions of the medical management of ARDS including mechanical ventilation support, settings, modes of ventilation and use of PEE
Common Respiratory Diseases
This document provides an overview of several common respiratory diseases and conditions, including their definitions, predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, nursing management, and medications. Some of the major topics covered include COPD, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary embolism, cystic fibrosis, respiratory arrest, and pulmonary tuberculosis. Nursing interventions focus on airway clearance, breathing exercises, oxygen therapy, infection prevention, nutrition, and treating underlying causes.
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Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), also known as Hyaline Membrane Disease, is caused by a lack of surfactant in the lungs of premature infants. It causes breathing difficulties due to collapsed alveoli. Risk factors include prematurity, respiratory infections, and lack of antenatal steroids. Symptoms include fast breathing, nasal flaring, and crackles. Treatment focuses on supportive care like oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation. Surfactant replacement therapy improves outcomes for infants with RDS. With treatment, most infants' condition improves within 72 hours.
Perioperative considerations for OSA in Children
Death after tonsillectomy related to haemorrhage may not be preventable. But death due to apnoea is preventable. More considered management is needed since: 10 deaths occurred at home, 2 in PACU and 3 in wards within 24 hrs of operation. These children could be saved by proper monitoring during operation night. Be aware of marked opioid sensitivity; reduce the dose by 50%. Codeine is to be avoided; Use NSAID, Dexamethasone. Develop an improved safety net for these high-risk children. High-risk patient : Nurse = 2 : 1
Rds
This document provides an overview of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates. RDS, formerly known as hyaline membrane disease, is caused by a deficiency of pulmonary surfactant in an immature lung, especially in preterm infants. It affects about 20,000-30,000 newborn infants each year in the US. The presentation, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatments of RDS are discussed in detail. Prevention primarily involves antenatal glucocorticoid administration to enhance lung maturation for at-risk pregnancies. Treatment focuses on surfactant therapy, ventilation support, and general supportive care for affected newborns.
Childhood Asthma.pptx
Bronchiolitis is a common viral infection in infants characterized by inflammation and congestion of the small airways. The most common cause is RSV. Symptoms include wheezing, cough, and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis is clinical based on symptoms and exam findings. Treatment is supportive with oxygen and fluids. Most cases are mild and self-limiting but some infants may require hospitalization for respiratory support. Antibiotics are not effective as this is primarily a viral illness.
Grand seminar aprl 9 th
This document provides guidance on evaluating and managing respiratory distress in newborns. It discusses the main causes of respiratory distress including respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, and meconium aspiration syndrome. The document outlines the key components of history taking and physical examination for newborns presenting with respiratory distress. It also reviews diagnostic testing including chest x-rays and blood gases. Common treatment approaches are summarized, including supportive care, surfactant therapy, and mechanical ventilation when indicated. The goal is early recognition and management to prevent morbidity and mortality in newborns with respiratory complications.
Prematurity
Prematurity Management of Premature Babies. Golden Hour in NICU. Neonatal Intensive Care management of Preterm Babies.
asphyxia neonatorum.pptx
Asphyxia neonatorum is defined as impaired respiratory gas exchange accompanied by metabolic acidosis in newborns. It can occur due to factors that cause inadequate oxygenation of the mother or fetus such as cord compression, placental abnormalities, or maternal hypotension. Severity is classified based on Apgar scores as moderate (4-6 at 1 minute) or severe (0-3 at 1 minute). Multiple organ systems can be affected, including the brain, kidneys, heart and lungs. Brain damage pathology depends on duration and severity of asphyxia and can include neuronal necrosis or periventricular leukomalacia. Treatment involves supportive care, management of complications like shock, seizures or organ dysfunction, and may include
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This document provides information on several diseases of the newborn including necrotizing enterocolitis, transient tachypnea of the newborn, hemolytic disease of the newborn, Down syndrome, temperature control, and the newborn screening program. It describes the definition, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment for each condition. It emphasizes the importance of early detection and management of congenital disorders through newborn screening to prevent intellectual disability or death.
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1) Asthma affects approximately 4-8% of pregnant women. While pregnancy does not typically impair lung function, it can intensify the effects of lung diseases like asthma.
2) The pathophysiology of asthma involves chronic airway inflammation from factors like allergens, viruses, and environmental irritants. During pregnancy, changes in lung volumes and capacities can increase a woman's risk of hypoxia from asthma exacerbations.
3) For chronic asthma, treatment focuses on education, environmental control, and pharmacological therapy like inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators to maintain lung function. For acute exacerbations, therapy aims to quickly reverse bronchoconstriction and prevent
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Apnea of prematurity is a temporary condition where premature infants temporarily stop breathing that is common in infants born before 37 weeks gestation. It occurs due to the immature development of the brainstem respiratory centers. The frequency and severity of apnea of prematurity decreases with increased gestational age at birth, with most cases resolving by 40 weeks gestational age. Treatment involves monitoring, maintaining proper temperature and positioning, and sometimes use of methylxanthines like caffeine to stimulate breathing.
Prematurity
This document discusses prematurity and the management of preterm infants. It defines prematurity as birth before 37 weeks gestation. It describes the problems that can occur in preterm infants relating to immaturity of organ systems, including respiratory issues, temperature regulation difficulties, neurological impairments, and metabolic concerns like hypoglycemia. The document outlines assessment and management approaches for various initial problems in the preterm newborn as well as long term issues involving development, medical complications, and social factors. Mortality and morbidity rates are provided based on gestational age and birth weight.
Respiratory distress syndrome
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), formerly known as hyaline membrane disease, is a life-threatening lung disorder that results from underdeveloped lungs and insufficient pulmonary surfactant. It occurs most commonly in preterm infants and results in inadequate lung inflation and collapse. Management involves providing warm oxygen supplementation and potentially ventilator support. Surfactant replacement therapy is also used to reduce mortality and complications like bronchopulmonary dysplasia. With appropriate treatment, prognosis is good especially for infants weighing over 1000 grams.
ASTHMA IN PRG.pptx
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes recurrent attacks of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. During pregnancy, over 50% of asthmatics experience exacerbations, especially between 17-34 weeks gestation. Changes in respiratory physiology during pregnancy like increased tidal volume can worsen asthma symptoms. Risk factors include allergens, irritants, infections, cessation of medications, and stress. Treatment focuses on controlling symptoms, preventing exacerbations, and minimizing medication use while protecting mother and fetus. Pharmacological treatments are the same as non-pregnant women and include bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids. Acute exacerbations require oxygen, hydration
Respiratory distress of newborn
This document discusses respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns, including its definition, incidence, clinical causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations, preventive measures, complications, treatment principles, and nursing care. RDS occurs in preterm infants due to deficient surfactant production and presents as respiratory distress within hours of birth. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and confirmed with tests like chest x-rays. Treatment involves supportive care in the NICU, surfactant replacement therapy, and careful monitoring to prevent complications.
lymphangitis carcinomatosis
- The patient is a 65-year-old female with a history of asthma, breast cancer, diabetes, and hypertension who presented with shortness of breath, chest pain, and productive cough.
- Physical exam found decreased breath sounds on the left lung and absent breath sounds on the right lower lung. Chest x-ray and CT scan showed a right-sided pleural effusion. Thoracentesis found exudative fluid with malignant cells.
- The patient was diagnosed with Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome, a rare condition caused by childhood lung infections that results in unilateral hyperlucent lung on imaging. She received chemotherapy and was discharged on home oxygen.
Acute lung injury
This document provides an outline for a presentation on acute lung injury (ALI). It defines ALI and describes the pathological process. Some key points include: ALI results from direct or indirect lung injury and involves two pathological phases. Common causes include sepsis or trauma. Symptoms include rapid breathing and low blood oxygen levels. Diagnosis involves tests like chest x-rays and blood gases. Treatment involves mechanical ventilation, fluid management, and prone positioning. Complications can include pulmonary fibrosis or cardiac issues. Nursing care focuses on managing breathing patterns, gas exchange, and reducing patient anxiety.
asphyxianeonatorum-120612005258-phpapp02.pdf
This document discusses asphyxia neonatorum, or perinatal asphyxia. It defines asphyxia neonatorum as impaired respiratory gas exchange accompanied by acidosis. It describes how asphyxia can occur through interruption of umbilical cord blood flow, failure of placental exchange, or compromised fetus. It discusses characteristics, predisposing factors, pathophysiology, clinical features, organ involvement, pathology of brain damage, severity classifications, investigations, management including supportive care, and prevention.
RDS.pptx respiratory distress syndrome 3rd year
child health nursing topic respiratory distress syndrome
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5 Perinatal Asphyxia.pptx9999999999999999999999999999999
5 Perinatal Asphyxia.pptx9999999999999999999999999999999
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Cleft lip and cleft palate
This document discusses cleft lip and cleft palate, including definitions, causes, types, complications, and management. Cleft lip is a congenital anomaly where the upper lip is split due to failed fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes. Cleft palate occurs when the lateral palatine processes fail to fuse, resulting in a split in the roof of the mouth. Causes may include genetic and environmental factors. Complications can include feeding difficulties, infections, speech problems, and impaired development. Surgical repair of cleft lip is usually done between 2-3 months, while cleft palate repair typically occurs between 1-2 years of age.
RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
This document summarizes Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), a disease that affects the eyes of premature infants. It causes abnormal blood vessels to grow in the retina, which can lead to retinal detachment and blindness if not treated. The pathophysiology involves greater oxygen affinity in premature infants damaging retinal blood vessels over time. ROP is assessed through eye exams and imaging. Treatment includes cryotherapy, laser therapy, or surgery if the retina detaches. Nursing management focuses on carefully monitoring oxygen levels to limit below 70mmhg and supporting parents through the process.
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This document discusses necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a life-threatening condition that affects premature infants. It causes necrosis of the intestinal wall. Risk factors include perinatal asphyxia, low Apgar scores, respiratory distress syndrome, congenital heart disease, and sepsis. The pathophysiology involves hypoxia, acidosis, hypoglycemia, decreased blood flow to the intestines, and invasion of the intestines by bacteria like E. coli and Klebsiella. Clinical presentation includes abdominal distension and bloody stools. Diagnosis involves blood tests, stool and abdominal imaging. Treatment consists of discontinuing oral feeding, IV fluids, antibiotics, and supportive care. Prevention focuses on exclusively feeding preterm
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Atelectasis is the collapse or closure of part or all of the lung resulting in reduced gas exchange. It can be primary, due to prematurity or lung immaturity, or secondary due to obstruction from mucus, tumors, or surgery. Symptoms include rapid shallow breathing, cough, hypoxia, and fever. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray, sputum tests, and CT scans. Treatment focuses on positioning, suctioning mucus, oxygen therapy, and preventing infections. Nursing care manages breathing, airway clearance, gas exchange, and monitors for complications like infections.
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Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs when an infant inhales meconium during delivery or the first breath. Meconium passes into the amniotic fluid when the fetus experiences distress or lack of oxygen in the womb. After birth, the thick meconium can be aspirated into the lungs, causing airway obstruction and respiratory distress like fast breathing, grunting, and cyanosis within a few hours. The aspiration leads to overexpansion and rupture of alveoli as well as collapsed lung areas.
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This document summarizes several special neonatal disorders including apnea. It defines apnea as a pause in breathing longer than 10-15 seconds, often accompanied by bradycardia and cyanosis. The causes of apnea in newborns are listed as intracranial hemorrhage, physiological anemia, patent ductus arteriosus, pneumonia, hypoglycemia, hypothermia and various drugs. The nursing management of apnea involves close monitoring, gentle stimulation to restart breathing, suctioning if needed, mechanical ventilation for persistent bradycardia, oxygen therapy, and medications like caffeine and theophylline. Continuous positive airway pressure is also an effective treatment option. Complications of untreated apnea can include
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The document discusses current trends in pediatric nursing, including: 1) Family centered care which involves enabling and empowering families in health care decisions. 2) High technology care which uses advanced diagnostic technology. 3) Evidence based practice where nurses make decisions based on the best available evidence. 4) Primary nursing which provides 24-hour accountability by one nurse for a small group of patients. 5) Case management which is used in outpatient settings to assign a case manager to patients or groups of patients.
Atelectasis IN CHILD
Atelectasis is the collapse or closure of part or all of the lung, reducing or preventing gas exchange. It can be primary in preterm infants due to immature respiratory muscles, or secondary from obstruction by mucus, tumors, or surgery. Clinically, it presents with rapid breathing, retractions, cyanosis, and cough. Diagnosis is by chest x-ray and other tests. Complications include emphysema, infections, and fibrosis. Treatment focuses on positioning, suctioning mucus, oxygen, and preventing infections. Nursing care manages breathing, airway clearance, gas exchange, and monitors for respiratory distress.
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This document discusses trends in hospital care for sick children. It outlines different types of facilities that provide pediatric care, such as pediatric units, neonatal intensive care units, and outpatient departments. It then examines the impact of hospitalization on children and families of different age groups. Babies experience separation anxiety and impaired bonding. Toddlers may react with protest, despair or regression. Older children's reactions include fears, worries and mental mechanisms like repression. Adolescents can feel anxiety, anger and depression. The role of the child health nurse is to provide family-centered care appropriate to each age, minimize stress, encourage self-care and involve parents to help children cope with hospitalization.
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- 1. IDIOPATHIC RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME PRESENTED BY, MS. L.SOUNDARYA M.SC.NURSING (PEDIATRICS)
- 2. • IT is an acute disorder that occurs almost exclusively in premature infants. • It may also develop in neonates whose mother have diabetic or in infants delivered by cesarean section.
- 3. pathophysiology Immature lungs of premature infants Decreased pulmonary blood flow Increased pulmonary resistance Decreased lung metabolism Decreased alveolar ventilation Decreased lung compliance Deficiency of pulmonary surfactant Labored respiration
- 4. Assessment • History collection • Physical examination • Lab investigations • Radiography
- 5. Nursing management • Effective ventilation and oxygen therapy • Temperature should be maintained normally • Adequate nutrition • Acid base balance • Normal B.P. and hematocrit • Nebulization therapy • Administration of fluids and electroytes,medications(antibiotics)