This explains the meaning of Respiration and its types. Its also defines Respiratory System and the explains the meaning of the phases of Respiratory system.
3. RESPIRATION
• Respiration is one of the characteristics of a living
thing.
• It involves an enzyme-catalyzed reactions that
takes place in the cell, whereby food substance
(glucose) is broken down to yield energy (in
form of ATP).
• This breaking down reaction is called
CATABOLISM.
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4. TYPES OF RESPIRATION
1. Aerobic Respiration: This type of Respiration
requires oxygen before the glucose is broken
down to yield carbon dioxide, water and energy.
üIt can be represented using the following
equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6C02 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
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5. 2. Anaerobic Respiration: This type of Respiration
does not require oxygen before the glucose is
broken down to yield carbon dioxide, ethanol and
energy.
üIt can be represented using the following
equation:
C6H12O6 6C02 + 2C2H5OH + Energy (ATP)
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6. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• The respiratory system is a biological system
consisting of specific organs and structures
used for gasous exchange in plants and
animals.
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7. PHASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1. External Respiration: This is also called
Breathing.
üIt involves the exchange of gases between the
organism and the external environment.
üi.e. breathing in of oxygen
(Inhalation/Inspiration) and breathing out of
carbon dioxide (Exhalation/Expiration).
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8. 2. Internal Respiration: This is also called Tissue
or Cellular Respiration.
üIt involves the oxidation of food substance
within the cell of an organism yielding energy
for various life activities.
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9. TYPES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
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TYPES ORGANISMS
1. Body surface Unicellular organisms (e.g. Amoeba)
2. Cell membrane Hydra
3. Tracheal system Insects
4. Lung books Spider
5. Gills Fishes
6. Mouth, Skin and Lungs Frogs
7. Lungs Birds, Reptiles and Mammals
8. Stomata and Lenticels Plants (Angiosperms)
10. MECHANISM OF RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
1. Unicellular organisms like amoeba, paramecium
e.t.c. uses Diffusion through their body surfaces.
2. Arthropods like the insects uses the Tracheal
system consisting of the spiracles, trachea and
tracheoles to diffuse the gases.
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11. 3. Pisces (fishes) use Gills which consists of the gill
filament (contains lamellae for proper gaseous
exchange), gill raker and gill arch.
4. Aves (birds), Reptiles, Amphibians and Mammals
uses Lungs which consists of Nasal cavity, Pharynx,
Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchioles and Alveoli
(for proper gaseous exchange).
5. Plants uses Stomata (in the epidermis of leaves)
and Lenticels (in the bark of older plants) to permit
the easy Diffusion of gases.
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12. Diagram of the Fish showing a clear view of the Gills.
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13. Diagram of the Respiratory system of man showing the Lungs.
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14. CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESPIRATORY SURFACES
1. The Respiratory surface must be Moist.
2. It must be Thin-walled.
3. It should have a Large surface area.
4. Its Areas must be Vascularized.
5. It must be Permeable.
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15. QUESTION SECTION
1. Define Respiration.
2. Explain the two types of Respiration.
3. What is Respiratory system?
4. Mention the two phases of Respiratory system.
5. Mention three types of Respiratory system.
6. Explain one of the mechanism of Respiratory
system.
7. Mention three characteristics of a Respiratory
surface.
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16. ANSWER SECTION
1. Respiration is defined a process taking place in the cell of an
organism whereby food substance (glucose) is broken down to yield
energy.
2. a. Aerobic Respiration involves oxygen. b. Anaerobic Respiration
lacks oxygen in the breaking down of glucose to generate energy.
3. Respiratory system is a biological system consisting of specific organs
and structures used for gasous exchange in an organism.
4. a. External phase involves the environment. b. Internal phase
involves an oxidative reaction.
5. a. Gills. b. Lungs. c. Stomata.
6. Lungs: consists of Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus,
Bronchioles and Alveoli (for proper gaseous exchange).
7. a.The Respiratory surface must be Moist.
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