The document discusses the respiratory system as part of a B.Pharm course, highlighting the definitions of breathing and respiration, their functions, and the anatomical structures involved. It details the mechanism of breathing, including respiratory volumes and capacities such as tidal volume and vital capacity. Additionally, it outlines disorders like asthma and emphysema, emphasizing the impact of smoking on respiratory health.

1. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Instit
ute Of Pharmacy
NAME - Saikat Changdar
COURSE - B.pharm
SUBJECT - HUMAN ANATOMY&PHYSIOLOGY 2
TOPIC - RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
YEAR - 1st year, 2nd sem.

2. • What is Breathing ?
It is a simply intake of fresh air & removal of f
oul air from the body.
• What is respiration ?
it is defined as exchange of cases betwee
n body tissue & external environment suppli
ed of oxygen to the tissue & exchange of ca
rbon dioxide.
• Function of Respiration -
1. Transport of oxygen to the tissue & excreti
on of carbon dioxide.

3. 2. Excretion of volatile substance.
3.Regulation of body temp. Through the loss of h
eat.
4.Maintain the PH of blood.

4. • The respiratory system consist of different parts -
a. Nasal cavity - we have a pair of external nostrils openin
g out above the upper lips.
b.Pharynx - It is a portion of which is the common passage
of food & air.
c.Larynx - larynx is a cartilaginous box which helps to prod
uction of sounds & also known as sound box.
d.Trachea - it is commonly known as wind pipe.extends fro
m the larynx.
e.Bronchi - trachea is straight tube which divided at the 5th
thoracic vertebrae & form right & left primary bronchi.
f.Alveoli - each terminal bronchiole gives rise to a number
of very thin irregular walled & bag like structure called alv
eoli.

5. • Mechanism of breathing -

6. Respiratory volume & capacity -
1. Tidal volume(TV) - volume of air inspired or expi
red during a normal respiration. It approx 500ml
2.Inspiratory Reserve Volume(IRV) - additional a
mount of air a person can inspire by a forcible ins
piration . It approx 2500 - 3000ml.
3.Expiratory Reserve volume(ERV) - additional am
ount of air a person can expire by a forcible expira
tion. It approx 1000 - 1100ml.
4.Residual volume(RV) - volume of air remaining in
the lungs even after a forcible expiration. This ave
rage 1100 - 1200ml.

7. 5. Inspiratory capacity(IC) - Total volume of air a p
erson can inspire after a normal expiration. It total
(TV+IRV) i.e; 3500ml.
6.Expiratory capacity(EC) - total volume of air a pe
rson can expire after a normal inspiration. It is (TV
+ERV).
7.Functional residual capacity(FRC) - vol. of air tha
t will remain in the lungs after a normal expiration.
It is ERV+TV+IRV.
8.Vital capacity(VC) - the max. Vol. of air a person
can breathier after a forced expiration.
9.Total lung capacity - total vol. of air accommoda
ted in the lungs at the end of forced inspiration.

8. Disorder of Respiratory System -
• Asthma - it is difficulty in breathing causing whe
ezing due to inflammation of bronchi & bronchiol
es.
• Emphysema - it is a chronic disorder in which th
e alveolar walls are damaged due to which respir
atory surface is decreased .one of major cause f
or cigarette smoking.

9. THANK YOU