2. The taking in of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide
The exchange of gases between the atmosphere, lungs,
blood, and tissues
3. Parts of the human
respiratory system:
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchii
Lungs
4.
5. NOSE
Shape of a pyramid
Consists of nasal
cavity
The septum divides
the nasal cavity
Internally lined by a
moist mucus
Fine hair is present in
the nasal cavity
Open outsidethrough
external nostrils
Opens at the upper
end of pharynx through
internal nostrils
The nasal
cavity The
turbinates
The
septum
The
Mucous
membrane
The
sinuses
8. Larynx
oBelow the pharynx
oEpiglottis , at the top of
larynx
oIt prevents food and
fluid from entering
larynx
oLarynx then opens into
trachea
oSupported by a
framework of nine
pieces of cartilage
9. LARYNX =
“ VOICE BOX “
Consists of vocal cords that
produce sounds when the air
comes out of the lungs.
Larynx of man > larynx of
woman
Which consists of long vocal
cords, so the voice is “deep-
pitched”.
10. TRACHEA =
“ windpipe”
From larynx to the 5 th
thoracic vertebra where it
divides into the right and left
bronchi.
The tracheal wall is
supported by 20 “C” shaped
cartilaginous rings.
Lined internally by the
mucous membrane
12. BRONCHI
Trachea in the chest
divides into the right and
left branches.
There are primary,
secondary and tertiary
bronchi
13. BRONCHIOLES
The tertiary bronchi split
into smaller sections –
bronchioles.
Bronchioles continue to
split to terminal
bronchioles
They end alveoli
14. ALVEOLI –
“AIR SACS”
The basic structural
units of the lungs
Very minute, very thin
wall
The walls of alveoli
consist of an extensive
network of small blood
vessels called capillary
network
15.
16. LUNGS
There are a pair of lungs,
one in each side of the
heart
Slate colored, elastic
Made up of a mass of
spongy tissue with minute
passages for air
Right lung has 3 lobes
Left lung has 2 lobes
17. PROTECTION
Lungs are protected
from externsl injury by
the sternum in the
front , vertebral column
on the back and ribs on
the sides, which
together form a bony
box and protect the
lungs
18. Parietal
Pleura -
outer layer
attached to
the thoracic
cavity
Visceral
Pleura -
inner layer
covering
the lung
itself
The
Pleural
Cavities-
A layer of
serous
membrane,
between the
visceral
pleura and
the parietal
pleura.
It contains a
lubricating
fluid secreted
by the
membranes
that prevents
friction
between the
membranes
and allows
their easy
movement on
one another
during
breathing.
19. MUSCLES OF
RESPIRATION
These muscles surround
the lungs and allow the
inhalation and exhalation
of air
The main muscle in this
system is known as the
diaphragm, a thin sheet of
muscle that constitutes the
bottom of the thorax.
Multiple intercostal
muscles are located
between the ribs and they
also help compress and
expand the lungs.
23. Gas exchange
This exchange facilitates
oxygenation of the blood with a
concomitant removal removal of
carbon dioxide and other gaseous
metabolic wastes from circulation
Upon inhalation, gas exchange
occurs at the alveoli.The close
proximity of the two cell types allows
permeability to gases and hence gas
exchange
Is carried by the phenomen of
pressure difference
26. COUGHING
AND SNEEZING
Irritation of nerves, within the
nasal passages or airways
These responses cause air to be
expelled forcefully fron trachea or
nose
Irritants caught in the mucus are
expelled or moved to the mouth
27. FACTS
WHEN WE BREATH WE TAKE ONLY 21% OF OXYGEN.
The rest ? Nitrogen – 78%, bacteria & viruses -1%
WE LOSE WEIGHT WHILE BREATHING.
Every day, we lose about 12 oz of water through respiration. While exhaling carbon dioxide, we
exhale water as well.
If each alveoli from both of our lungs are flattened out, they will come to the total size of a tennis
court (525 feet long).
While adults breath only 12 to 15 times per minute, newborns take a breath for 30 to 60 times per
minute.
THE LUNGS ARE THE ONLY ORGANS IN OUR BODY THAT CAN FLOAT IN WATER.
Both of our Lungs have 300 million balloons like structures that are known with a name alveoli.
WE YAWN DUE TO THE LACK OF OXYGEN
Yawning helps our breathe more oxygen to lungs. When our brain senses the shortage of oxygen, it
sends out a message, “hey we are running out of Oxygen, inhale enough so I can manage the
imbalance”. This message tricks us to take a long deep breath (a yawn!)