Business Research

1. This session
commences at
7.30 pm.
Dr. P. Dissanayake

2. Introductory Lecture
Research Methodology

3. Major Outcomes of the Subject
Plan an independent research project
Interpret results after careful analysis of data
Present the outcomes of the Research
Demonstrate the main concepts and current
trends in Research

4. Introduction to Basic
Concepts of Research
Methodology
(Overall Picture)
Research Methodology

5. 
describe the basic concepts of
Research Methodology
classify Research based on
characteristic features
identify main Research Designs
Learning Outcomes

6. What is Research?
What is the main Purpose of
Research?
Why is Research Scientific?
What is Primary Research?
What is Secondary
Research?
Can you
contribute
?

7. What is the Main Purpose of
Research?

8. Main Purpose of Research?
Writing a book
Reviewing a book
Collecting information
about a topic
Change the existing
school curriculum
Designing new
teaching materials

9. Main Purpose of Research
Writing a book
Reviewing a book
Collecting information
about a topic
Change the existing
school curriculum
Designing new
teaching materials

10. Main Purpose of Research
Generate New
Knowledge

11. Problem: Online Teaching Effective?
Collect pinions of parents & SS on the
effectiveness of online teaching
Online teaching is effective under several
conditions
What conditions in Sri Lankan setting

12. Problem: Online Teaching Effective?
Collect pinions of parents & SS on the
effectiveness of online teaching
Online teaching is effective under several
conditions
What conditions in Sri Lankan setting

13. Purposes of Research
Exploration
Description
Diagnosis
Experimentati
on
Investigate a phenomenon
Describe a phenomenon
Investigate weaknesses
& strengths
Conduct an experiment
to test a hypothesis

14. Purposes of Research
Exploration
Description
Diagnosis
Experimentati
on
Investigate a phenomenon
Describe a phenomenon
Investigate weaknesses
& strengths
Conduct an experiment
to test a hypothesis

15. Purposes of Research
Exploration
Description
Diagnosis
Experimentati
on
Investigate a phenomenon
Describe a phenomenon
Investigate weaknesses
& strengths
Conduct an experiment
to test a hypothesis

16. Research is the
systematic approach
to obtain new
knowledge
2. What is Research?

17. Following a definite
sequence
Systematic?

18. 2. What is Research?
Definition – Not Sufficient
Characteristics of Research?
18

19. What are the
characteristics of
Research?
Characteristics of Research

20. 20
Systematic
Characteristics of Research
Reliable Empirical
Valid
Scientific
Controlled

21. 21
Systematic
Characteristics of Research
Reliable Results -reproduced
by other researchers
orderly and sequential
procedure
Scientific
Follows Scientific
Methodology

22. 22
objectives, logical,
and impartial
Characteristics of Research
Conclusion drawn based
on evidence gathered
Empirical
Valid
All variables (except
those tested) - constant
Controlled

23. 23
Systematic

24. 24
How to improve pronunciation skills of
my students?

25. 25
Improve
Pronunciation

26. 26
Practice of songs
Reading aloud
texts
News presenting
activities
Improve
Pronunciation

27. 27
Practice of songs
Reading aloud
texts
News presenting
activities
Improve
Pronunciation

28. 28
Practice of songs
Reading aloud
texts
News presenting
activities
Improve
Pronunciation

29. 29
Practice of songs
Reading aloud
texts
News presenting
activities
Improve
Pronunciation

30. 30
Practice of songs
Reading aloud
texts
News presenting
activities
Improve
Pronunciation
Pronunciation
Training
Course

31. 31
Practice of songs
Reading aloud
texts
News presenting
activities
Improve
Pronunciation
Pronunciation
Training
Course

32. 32
Effectiveness of a newly designed
training programme on
development of pronunciation skills

33. 33
Effectiveness of a newly designed
training programme on
development of pronunciation skills

34. 34
Effectiveness of a newly designed
training programme on
development of pronunciation skills
Collecting Data
Analyzing data
Testing Hypothesis
Arriving at the Conclusion

35. 35
Effectiveness of a newly designed
training programme on
development of pronunciation skills
Collecting Data
Analyzing data
Testing Hypothesis
Arriving at the Conclusion

36. 36

37. 37
Systematic
Characteristics of Research
Reliable Empirical
Valid
Scientific
Controlled

38. Reliable?
A: 8, 5, 3, 7
B: 8, 5, 3, 7
Perfect Reliability
r = 1
C: 8,5, 3, 7
D: 2, 9, 8, 2
r= 0
r between 0 and 1
38

39. 39
Scientific?

40. 40
Scientific?

41.  Identify a Problem
Observations
Formulate Hypothesis
Collect Data
Analyze Data
Conclusions
Scientific Methodology

42. 42
Systematic
Characteristics of Research
Reliable Empirical
Valid
Scientific
Controlled

43. Now, we know ...
• Purpose of Research
• What is Research?
• Characteristics of Research
• Why is Research Scientific?
43

44. 44
Example Research?

45. 45
Research
A postgraduate
student
investigating
the opinions of
online teaching
An education officer
investigating the
effectiveness of
recently
implemented
educational policies
A doctor
investigating
the efficacy of
a new drug
for dengue
A teacher
investigating
the
effectiveness of
new reading
materials

46. 46
Primary
Research?
Secondary
Research?
Research

47. 47
Research based
on original data
Primary Research

48. 48
Research
based on
original data
Primary Research
Opinions of a
survey about
Educational
Administration
Test scores
of a
classroom
test

49. 49
Data generated
for other work
Secondary Research

50. 50
Data generated
for other work
Secondary Research
Dept of
Exams – A.L
Results
Analysis
Research
data
generated
by another
researcher

51. Now, we know ....
 What is Research?
 Why Research?
 Characteristics of Research
 Why Research Scientific?
 Primary & Secondary Research

52. Let's now
study the
Types of
Research

53. Types of Research

54. Types of
Research

55. 
Qualitative and Quantitative research
Experimental & Non-experimental
research
Deductive and Inductive research
Types of Research

56. 
Qualitative and Quantitative research
Experimental & Non-experimental
research
Deductive approach and Inductive
approach to research
Discussion – Your Contribution

57. Qualitative &
Quantitative
research

58. My name Pasindu. I
lives in Nugegoda. I
have one sister. She
ten years old. She
likes English.
Class A
89, 91, 67, 79, 84
Class B
39, 54, 34, 61, 35
Researcher
analyzing errors in
the essay
Researcher
comparing marks of
class A & class B

59. My name Pasindu. I lives in
Nugegoda. I have one sister.
She ten years old. She likes
English.
Researcher analyzing
errors in the essay

60. Class A
89, 91, 67, 79, 84
Class B
39, 54, 34, 61, 35
Researcher comparing
marks of class A & class B

61. Quantitative
Research

62. Based on
quantification or
measurement.
Statistics
Quantitative
Research
Compare the marks of
Class A & Class B

63. Qualitative
Research

64. Based on
Subjective Data
Qualitative
Research
Analysis of a Student Essay
Analysis of Interview data

65. Qualitative
Research
How to collect
Data?

66. How to collect
Data?
Qualitative
Research
Data Collection Tools

67. Data Collection Tools – Qualitative
Research
One-to-one Interview
Focus Groups Interviews
Text Analysis
Questionnaires

68. Based on
quantification or
measurement.
Statistics
Quantitative
Research
Based on
Subjective Data

69. Experimental &
Non-experimental
Research

70. Experimental
Research

71. Based on an
Experiment
Experimental
Research

72. Based on an
Experiment
Experimental
Research
A Researcher wants to test the new
science teaching materials she
designed for teaching Biology

73. A Researcher wants to test the new teaching
materials she designed for teaching Biology
Class A
(Experimental
Group)
Class B
(Control Group)

74. Class A
(Experimental
Group)
Class B
(Control Group)
Biology Lessons
with newly
designed
materials
Biology Lessons
with traditional
materials
Post test

75. Class A
(Experimental
Group)
Class B
(Control Group)
Biology Lessons
with newly
designed
materials
Biology Lessons
with traditional
materials
Post test

76. Class A
(Experimental
Group)
Class B
(Control Group)
Biology Lessons
with newly
designed
materials
Biology Lessons
with traditional
materials
Post test

77. Class A
(Experimental
Group)
Class B
(Control Group)
Biology Lessons
with newly
designed
materials
Biology Lessons
with traditional
materials
Post test

78. Class A
(Experimental
Group)
Class B
(Control Group)
Biology Lessons
with newly
designed
materials
Biology Lessons
with traditional
materials
Post test

79. Class A
(Experimental
Group)
Class B
(Control Group)
Biology Lessons
with newly
designed
materials
Biology Lessons
with traditional
materials
Post test

80. Two Classes
cannot be taken?

81. A Researcher wants to test the new teaching
materials she designed for teaching Biology
One Class
Pre-Test
Teaching with new
Materials
Post-Test

82. A Researcher wants to test the new teaching
materials she designed for teaching Reading Skills
One Class
Pre-Test
Teaching with new
Materials
Post-Test

83. A Researcher wants to test the new teaching
materials she designed for teaching Reading Skills
One Class
Pre-Test
Teaching with new
Materials
Post-Test

84. Non-
experimental
Research

85. Non-
experimental
Research
Observe
participants in their
natural settings
(Case Studies)

86. Non-
experimental
Research
Observe
participants in their
natural settings
(Case Studies)
(Survey Studies)
A researcher records the language
used by a child of nine months
Thaa
Thaath

87. Experimental
Research
Non-
experimental
Research
Give treatments and
observe reactions
Hypothesis testing
Observe
participants or
collect information
at one point (No
intervention)

88. Before moving further

89. Quantitative research
 numbers
 collecting data and analysing it to
draw conclusions
 statistical process to collect and
analyse data

90. Statistics? Example?
 Classroom test
 Marks (Scores)
 Mean score
 Class A: Mean score 60
 Class B: Mean score 55
 Which class is better?

91. Which class
is better?
Mean
score
60
Mean
score
55
A
B

92. Which class
is better?
Mean
score
60
Mean
score
55
A
B
50, 50,
50, 50,
100
55,55,
55, 55,
55

93. Which class
is better?
Mean
score
60
Mean
score
55
A
B
50, 50,
50, 50,
100
55,55,
55, 55,
55

94. Larger
Population
More
Data
More
Reliable

95. 
Qualitative and Quantitative research
Experimental & Non-experimental
research
Deductive and Inductive research
Types of Research

96. 96
Deductive and
Inductive Research

97. 97
Testable HYPOTHESIS is formulated.
Observations are made.
Data are collected.
Data are analyzed.
Hypothesis is accepted or rejected.

98. 98
Testable HYPOTHESIS is formulated.
Observations are made.
Data are collected.
Data are analyzed.
Hypothesis is accepted or rejected.

99. 99
No formal hypothesis.
A case/ research area is selected.
Data are collected.
Patterns emerging from data are
identified.
Conclusions/Hypothesis are drawn.

100. 100
No formal hypothesis.
A case/ research area is selected.
Data are collected.
Patterns emerging from data are
identified.
Conclusions/Hypothesis are drawn.

101. •
Qualitative and Quantitative research
Experimental & Non-experimental
research
Deductive and Inductive research
Types of Research

102. •
Qualitative and Quantitative research
Experimental & Non-experimental
research
Deductive and Inductive research
Types of Research

103. 103
To be
continued