Action Research Methodology

1. ACTION RESEARCH
BY -
Prof. VINITA SHROUTY

2. What is Research
 Research is made up of two words - Re and Search .
 Re means Again and Again
 Search means Find Out Something.
 Research is the process to establish new truths , to
find out new facts, to formulate new theory and to
suggest new application.

3. FUNDAMENTAL
RESEARCH
ACTION RESEARCH
Types of Research

4. Fundamental Research
 Fundamental research is mainly performed to
obtain new knowledge on the basis of observable
phenomena or facts.
 The main objective of fundamental research is to
understand natural phenomena and to formulate
theories.
 It “creates” knowledge, it explains.

6. What is Action Research?
“Action Research is the process by which
practitioners attempt to study their problems
scientifically in order to guide, correct and evaluate
their decisions and actions.”
----D.R. COREY

7. Characteristics Of Action Research
 Educational advancement
 Daily classroom problems can be solved.
 Scientific procedure to find out solution to the
problem.
 Focuses on current practices for improvement and
modification.
 Does not share in the fund of knowledge.

8. Objectives of Action Research
 To develop scientific attitude.
 To improve the working conditions of school.
 To help in improving and modifying the classroom
teaching strategies.
 To stimulate the students to raise their standards of
learning.

9. Cycle Of Action Research

10. Fundamental Research Action Research
 It is conducted by
qualified research scholar
after a post graduate
degree.
 It is generally degree
oriented.
 It aims to detect new facts,
theories.
 Sample is selected
carefully.
 Higher statistics is used.
 It does not require any qualified
degree.
 It is not degree oriented.
 Its main aim is to improve school
system.
 It has no problem of sampling.
 Observation and simple statistics
is used.
Comparison Between Fundamental and Action
Research

11. Fundamental Research Action Research
 Result can be generalized.
 More money and more
time is required.
 Evaluation is made by
Experts appointed by the
university.
 Problem is always
universal.
 Requires research scholar
and research methodology.
 Result cannot be
generalized.
 Less money and Less
time is required.
 Evaluation is made by
teacher himself.
 Problem is always local.
 No special training or
expertise is required.
Comparison Between Fundamental and Action
Research

12. Approaches of Action Research
Qualitative Approach Quantitative Approach

13. Qualitative Action Research
 Qualitative research is a type of social science
research that collects and works with non-numerical
data and that seeks to interpret meaning from these
data that help us understand social life through the
study of targeted populations or places.

14. Quantitative Action Research
 uses numerical data and employs statistical
operations to determine correlative
relationships between variables.
Ex.- To study the effect of ppt on achievement.

15. Methods Of Action Research
 Experimental Action Research
 Survey
 Case Study

16. Experimental Action Research
 Systematic and scientific approach to research in
which the researcher manipulates one or more
variables and controls and measures any change in
other variables.
 The researcher makes changes in independent
variables and studies their effects on dependent
variables under controlled conditions.
 Ex- The effect of demonstration method on the
achievement of students in science.
 Demonstration method – independent variable
 Achievement – Dependent variable

17. Survey
 Survey research is a commonly used method of
collecting information about a population of interest.
There are many different types of surveys, several
ways to administer them, and many methods of
sampling.

18. Case Study
 A case study research is a qualitative research approach
in which researchers focus on a unit of study known as
a bounded system (e.g., individual teachers, a
classroom, or a school).
 Case study research is a narrative account that
provides the researcher with new insights into the way
things are and into the kinds of relationships that exist
among participants in the study.
Ex – slow learner, visual impaired child in a classroom

19. Tools For Data Collection
 Interviews Questioning
 Questionnire
 Observation
 Video Audio Recording

20. Structured Unstructured
 The questions are asked
in a set / standardized
order and the interviewer
will not deviate from the
interview schedule or
probe beyond the
answers received.
 Many interviews can take
place within a short
amount of time and are
not flexible.
 An interview schedule might
not be used, and even if one is
used, they will contain open-
ended questions that can be
asked in any order. Some
questions might be added /
missed as the Interview
progresses.
 Helps the researcher develop
a real sense of a person’s
understanding of a situation.
Interviews

21. Open Closed
 Respondents are
asked to answer
each question in
their own words.
 There are no
predefined
options or
categories
included.
 Respondent is
free to response
in own words.
 Respondents are given a list of predetermined
responses to choose answer.
 Example - "Please rate how strongly you agree
or disagree with the following statement:
 Lecture method is the best method of
teaching.-
strongly agree ( )
somewhat agree ( )
neither agree nor disagree ( )
somewhat disagree ( )
strongly disagree ( )
Questionnaire

22. Participant Non – Participent
 Observer watch the events or
situation or activities from
inside by taking part in the
group to be observed.
 Participate in various
activities of the group.
 Studies their behavior or
other activities not as an
outsider but by becoming a
member of that group.
 The observer observes the
group passively from a
distance without
participating in the group
activities.
Observation

23. Audio – Video Recording
 To capture/what is said during an interview.
 To collect large amount of data when handwritten
notes are not enough.
 Can be reopened for later analysis.
 Sharable
 Reawaken the memories and experiences.
 Participants can be invited to reflect and discus.
 Non noticed things can be collected

24. Let us Revise-
1. Meaning of Research –
To establish truth, to find something new, to develop theories.
2. Approaches of Action Research –
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research
3. Types of Research –
Fundamental Research
Action Research
4. Methods of Action Research –
Experimental Research
Survey
Case Study
5. Tools for data collection –
Questionnaire –
Open & Closed
Interviews –
Structured & Unstructured
Observation –
Participant & Non - Participant

25. Thank You