OR2012, The 7th international conference on Open Repositories 09 - 13/Jul/2012, the University of Edinburgh, UK RF3: Pecha Kucha – National Infrastructures, 11/Jul/2012: 11:00am – 12:30pm

1. Researcher Identifiers and
National Federated Search Portal
for Japanese Institutional Repositories
Kei Kurakawa1, Hideaki Takeda1, Ryo Shiozaki1,
Shun Morimoto2, and Hideki Uchijima2
1: National Institute of Informatics, Japan
2: Kanazawa University Library, Japan
OR2012, The 7th international conference on Open Repositories
09 - 13/Jul/2012, the University of Edinburgh, UK
RF3: Pecha Kucha – National Infrastructures, 11/Jul/2012: 11:00am – 12:30pm

2. Name disambiguation
• Name ambiguity problem is caused by
– the same family name and the same first name,
maiden name usage, pen name,
– character variants in Kanji (for Japanese),
– and a variety of name formats for each journals
• To assign identifier for researcher is an answer.
• If this problem is solved, it would be available to
– exactly compile a list of research achievement,
– exactly assess contributions of the researcher,
– exactly trace development paths by the researcher,
– and exchange exact information of the researcher in
various scholarly communication scenes.
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3. Assigning identifiers for authors
of repository items
• DAI (Digital Author Identifier), the SURF
foundation, the Netherlands
• Names Project, mimas, University of
Manchester, UK
• Networking Names, OCLC
• ORCID, ORCID Inc.
• Researcher Name Resolver, NII, Japan
3

4. Objective of
the Researcher Name Resolver (RNR)
• Basic function as giving
– Identifiers of Japanese researcher on the Web
– Web resource links for researcher
• Implementations
– Researcher URI
– Identifier management
– Researcher pages http://rns.nii.ac.jp
– Web services
• Applications
– Name authority for external systems
– Researcher resource link resolver
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5. Researcher identifier scheme
and management
• Identifier is of the form,
– 13-digit number
– namely, Researcher Name Resolver ID.
– http://rns.nii.ac.jp/nr/xxxxxxxxxxxxx
• Identifier management
– Identifiers of a researcher are grouped and
aliased to a representative of them
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6. Prior registration
• As priming a pump effect,
– Registrants of the database of Grants-in-Aid for Scientific
Research in Japan, KAKEN are registered in RNR
– 200,882 researchers are registered at 2012-07-06
• Extracted data attributes
– Names (Japanese Kanji character, Japanese phonetic
character, English character)
– Affiliated institution (last), department, job title
– Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Researcher Number
– (Research fields of Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research)
– (Research keywords of Grants-in-Aid for Scientific
Research)
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7. Web resource links for researcher
Direct links to external systems
Planned
Database of Grants-in-Aid Academic information resource
for Scientific Research portal and link system of Japan
The biggest researcher directory
The biggest article search of Japan
published in Japan
Campus Directories
Planned
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8. Batch processing approach
• To make links to external systems, the RNR
– loads profile data,
• ResearcherID based researcher profiles including a list
of external identifiers
– uses identifier mapping rules,
• RNR identifier is implicitly reuse of KAKEN identifier
• CiNii identifier is implicitly reuse of KAKEN identifier
– and, loads external identifier mapping lists
• J-GLOBAL identifier to KAKEN identifier
• ReaD&Researchmap identifier to KAKEN identifier
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9. Crawling approach
• To build direct links to campus directories, the RNR
– crawled campus directories,
– built a list of researcher pages with names,
– and identify the researchers over RNR registrants
• To identify researchers, the RNR checks institution and
whether or not
– Kanji name is the same,
– institution is the same,
– and, the name is unique in the institution.
• In fact,
– 226 university campus directories were crawled.
– 102,949 researcher pages were indexed.
– RNR has 23,252 links to those campus directories.
– It is high precision rate, but low recall rate.
– For improvement, machine learning is a promising approach.
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10. Researcher page
Researcher name
(Kanji, Katakana, English)
Researcher Researcher Name Resolver ID
basic information
Researcher URI
Direct links
Search links
Research fields of
Grants-in-aid for
Scientific Research
Research keywords of
Grants-in-aid for
Scientific Research
URI
of this document 10

11. Web services
• Researcher URI
• OpenSearch
External direct links for the researcher
• Linked data structure
• RDF export
• URL Redirection
Redirection service URL for a researcher
Ex.
http://rns.nii.ac.jp/services/redirect?source=r
esolver&id=1000080252831&target=kaken
Campus Directories
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12. Application for JAIRO
• JAIRO is the national federated search portal.
• RNR is as being name authority for JAIRO.
• What repository managers do for the work is
– to embed an “id” attribute in the “creator” field of
metadata JAIRO (IRDB) harvests, then
1. put a RNR URI in “id” attribute value field, or
2. put anyURI for researcher in “id” attribute value field,
and upload researcher profiles with external ids table
on RNR
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13. Name disambiguation framework
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14. Harvested metadata embedded
with Researcher URI (anyURI)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<OAI-PMH
xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd">
junii2 extension
<responseDate>2011-05-26T13:34:09Z</responseDate>
<request metadataPrefix="junii2" verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:ir.lib.shizuoka.ac.jp:10297/5644">http://ir.lib.shizuoka.ac.jp/dspace-oai/request</request>
<GetRecord>
<record>
<header>
<identifier>oai:ir.lib.shizuoka.ac.jp:10297/5644</identifier>
<datestamp>2011-05-22T08:02:22Z</datestamp>
<setSpec>hdl_10297_24</setSpec>
</header>
<metadata>
<junii2
xmlns="http://irdb.nii.ac.jp/oai"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://irdb.nii.ac.jp/oai http://irdb.nii.ac.jp/oai/junii2.xsd">
<title>Orientation-dependent epitaxial growth of GaAs by current-controlled liquid phase epitaxy</title>
<creator>Mouleeswaran, D.</creator>
<creator id=“http://rns.nii.ac.jp/nr/1000001133354”>Koyama, T.</creator>
<creator id=“http://rns.nii.ac.jp/nr/1000048520242”>Hayakawa, Yasuhiro</creator>
<NDC>459</NDC>
<description>The orientation dependence of the selective epitaxial growth of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) has been investigated to achieve a thick epitaxial
layer for application to X-ray detectors. Selective epitaxial growth was carried out on patterned GaAs with [0 1 1], [0 1 2], [0 1 0], [0 1 −2], [0 1 −1] and their
equivalent seed orientations by current-controlled liquid phase epitaxy (CCLPE). SiO2 was used as a mask layer to fabricate the various seed orientations on the
Si-doped GaAs (1 0 0) substrate and various growth periods and current densities were considered. Solute transport in the solution was enhanced by the
electromigration of solute by an applied DC electric current, which caused an incremental growth in vertical and lateral directions in all orientations. The
<creator id=“http://rns.nii.ac.jp/nr/1000001133354”>Koyama, T.</creator>
highest vertical thickness of 268 μm in the [0 1 −1] orientation and the largest lateral growth of 318 μm in the [0 1 2] orientation were achieved at 7.5 A cm−2
current density for 6 h. The seed aligned in the [0 1 2] orientation was favorable for high lateral growth of GaAs. The [0 1 1], [0 1 0] and [0 1 −2] seed
<creator id=“http://rns.nii.ac.jp/nr/1000048520242”>Hayakawa, Yasuhiro</creator>
orientations were suitable for application in a GaAs X-ray detector.</description>
<publisher>Elsevier</publisher>
<NIItype>Journal Article</NIItype>
<format>application/pdf</format>
<URI>http://hdl.handle.net/10297/5644</URI>
<fullTextURL>http://ir.lib.shizuoka.ac.jp/bitstream/10297/5644/1/110520001.pdf</fullTextURL>
<jtitle>Journal of Crystal Growth</jtitle>
<issn>00220248</issn>
<NCID>AA00696341</NCID>
<volume>321</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<spage>85</spage>
<epage>90</epage>
<dateofissued>2011-04-15</dateofissued>
<language>eng</language>
<doi>info:doi/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.02.026</doi>
<rights>Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights>
<textversion>author</textversion>
</junii2>
</metadata>
</record>
</GetRecord>
</OAI-PMH>
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15. How author identifier changes UI?
• JAIRO is an example for exploring scholarly
knowledge.
• We assume that there are two modes of knowledge
exploration, i.e.
– basically, we use keywords for search, and
– sometimes, we use author name for search.
• When we use author id for search,
– we expect to get a exact list of articles of the researcher
– therefore, we could trace a research development path of
the researcher.
• New UI ought to be designed, depending on search
conditions with or without author identifier.
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16. Search by author
Suggest authors with ID
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17. Search results (grouping)
Grouping Selection
Item type grouping
Institution grouping
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18. Privacy and data protection
• On dealing with researcher profiles and identifiers, we should
take care of privacy laws.
• Related acts in Japan
– Act on the Protection of Personal Information (effect from 2005)
• Act on the Protection of Personal Information Held by Administrative
Organs
• Act on the Protection of Personal Information Held by Independent
Administrative Agencies, etc.
• Regulations on the Protection of Personal Information
• Phase of practice Exclusion from application
– Academic research (feasibility study)
– Business
• Current status in Japan
– It is not enough to have discussions on privacy and data
protection of researcher profiles for repositories.
– License is not explicit on the researcher profiles for repositories.
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19. Future work
• To make linkage between RNR and
external global services, e.g. ORCID,
Microsoft Academic Search
• To improve precision/recall rate of linkage
• To state privacy and data protection
matter
• To widely promote our activity to put
author identifiers in bibliographic metadata
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20. Summary
• Identifier for researcher is required to solve name
ambiguity problem.
• Researcher Name Resolver deals with identifiers
for researchers in Japan.
– It manages researcher identifiers.
– It shows researcher profile on researcher pages.
– It gives links on researcher pages to external systems
– It provides relevant web services.
• When RNR functions as name authority for JAIRO,
it provides a search by author identifier.
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