its all that data which attract me about research papaer

1. Research Paper
“A research paper is apiece of academic writing
based on author’s original research on a
particular topic and the analysis and
interpretation of the research findings”.

2. How to write a research paper?
• Title and affiliation
• Abstract and keywords
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Methodology and experimentation
• Results and discussion
• Conclusions
• References
Following
are the main
steps which
are
necessary
for research
paper
witting :

3. Title
• Rules of title writing:
1. Limited to 8 to 15 words
2. Relevant to the subject
3. Always written in single phrase
4. Correct grammar and proper
capitalization
5. Author’s name , position and
organization where he is working
from , should be written in a line
beneath the title.
6. If there are co-authors , write the
supreme author first who will get
70% of the total credit.
• Prohibitions :
1. Title should be written in a phrase
but it should not a sentence.
2. Avoid abbreviations
3. Avoid repetition of words
4. The words like prepositions can
never capital
5. Don’t use professor or research
worker type words with author’s
name
6. Don’t write co-author’s name
before the main author

4. Abstract and keywords
Abstract
“Abstract is summarization of research
work in 200 to 300 words”
There are four most important parts of
abstract:
• Importance and introduction
• Methods used for research
• Results
• Implication of research work
Prohibitions in Abstract writing:
• References
• Tables , figs and charts
• Abbreviations
Keywords:
keywords increase paper citation as
more people can search them easily.
Note:
“The more keywords you use, the
more will be your paper citation”.

5. Introduction
Introduction consists of brief background information
about research topic .
• The introduction content should lead reader to discussion section
• Introduction must answer the two major questions:
• Why was this study needed to fill in the gap in scientific
knowledge?
• Why does this gap need filling?
• Rationale for undertaking this study
• Key references to preliminary work or closely related paper
• Clarification of terms , definitions ,or abbreviations
• Review of pertinent literature

6. Literature review
A directed search of published work including periodicals and books that
discuss theory and presents empirical results that are relevant to the topic
As a general rule ,researcher should investigate previous research problems
Previous research should also exist in public domain
Literature review must cover:
• Objective of study
• Data collection
• Use of statistical tools
• findings

7. Methodology or Experimentation
“In thesis or dissertation you will have to discuss the methods you used to do your research. The methodology chapter
explains what you did and how you did it allowing readers to evaluate the reliability and validity of the research”.
It should include:
•The type of research you did
•How you collect your data
•How you analyze your data
•Any tool or material you used in research
•Your rationale for choosing these methods
Note:
“ The methodology section should generally be written in past tense”.

8. Results and discussion
“Empirical findings of search method used and
explanation or interpretation of above results/findings”
Results and discussion section includes:
• Findings
• Comparison prior studies
• Limitation of your work
• Casual arguments
• Speculation
• Deductive arguments

9. Conclusions
“The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why your
research should matter to them after they have finished reading the
paper. Conclusion is not merely a summary of your points or a
restatement of your research problem but a synthesis of key points”.
How to write conclusions:
• Restate your research topic
• Restate the thesis
• Summarize the main points
• State the significance of results
• Conclude your thoughts

10. References
Reference is usually the last step of research paper writing which lists all the sources
that have been used in a project so reader can easily find what you cited.
Reference includes:
•Author/editor
•Title (italics)
•[E-reader version]
•Edition
•Place of publication
•Publisher
•Year of publication
References are written in many styles but most important are:
•Harvard style(author name , published year ,topic name , journal name ,volume and issue, page no)
•Vancouver style(Author name , topic name journal ,published year ……………………)

11. Impact factor and citation
Impact factor
“Measure of the average number of citation
received in a particular year by paper published
in the journal during the two preceding years”.
Formula to measure impact factor:
IF=number of citation in year
Number of articles/research papers published in
this year
citation
“A citation is way of giving credit
to individuals for their creative
and intellectual works that we
utilized to support our research”.