This document summarizes a research paper on a novel key pre-distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to the challenges of key management in wireless sensor networks. It then describes the proposed scheme which has three phases: setup, direct key establishment, and path key establishment. The setup phase generates a large key pool and distributes keys to each sensor node. Direct key establishment allows sensor nodes to discover if they share keys directly. Path key establishment establishes keys through intermediate nodes if direct sharing fails. Performance analysis shows the scheme has higher local connectivity and stronger resilience against node capture attacks compared to previous schemes.
A Modified Pair Wise Key Distribution Schemes and There Effect On Network Per...IJERA Editor
Key distribution schemes has always played a pivotal role in the security of wireless sensor networks. In this research work we focus mainly on the security aspect of WSN . We have developed a modified key distribution scheme which uses the concepts of post as well as pre distribution scheme and thus he proved to be a better alternative then the rest of two schemes. Simulation study has been carried out using matlab. The effort turned out to be fruitful s our modified scheme showed less dead nodes per round of data transfer as compared to post deployment scheme.
IRJET- - Implementation of a Secured Approach using Dynamic Key Managemen...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a secure authentication approach for wireless sensor networks using dynamic key management and zero knowledge protocols. It begins with background on wireless sensor networks and security issues. It then describes related work on key predistribution and dynamic key management schemes. A proposed algorithm is described that uses a rekeying mechanism, zero knowledge authentication without directly transmitting secret keys, and dynamic keys that change for each authentication. Simulation results on networks of up to 25 nodes show the approach is efficient and can authenticate nodes while preventing attacks like cloning.
Random Key Pre-distribution Schemes using Multi-Path in Wireless Sensor Networksijceronline
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new key pre-distribution and multi-path routing scheme for wireless sensor networks. The paper begins with an introduction that describes the importance of security in wireless sensor networks and challenges with key management. It then reviews existing key pre-distribution and routing schemes. The document proposes a new hexagon-based multi-path routing algorithm combined with a key pre-distribution scheme. It describes the details of the algorithm and compares its performance to other schemes through simulations. The results show the proposed scheme achieves better security, efficiency and message delivery compared to previous works.
The document describes a pairwise key establishment scheme for ad hoc networks. It proposes using cellular automata rules to dynamically establish shared keys between two nodes. Each node sends either a cellular automata rule or the initialization parameters to the other node. The receiving node then uses the rule and parameters along with cellular automata computations to independently derive the shared key. This allows keys to be established dynamically without transmitting the actual keys or requiring an online server. The scheme aims to provide secure communication through pairwise key establishment while being computationally efficient and not relying on predistributed keys.
Hierarchical Key Agreement Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networksidescitation
This document proposes a hierarchical key agreement protocol for wireless sensor networks that uses both symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic techniques. Specifically, it uses probabilistic key pre-distribution for sensor nodes within clusters to establish secure communication with low computational overhead. It uses identity-based asymmetric key distribution between cluster heads and the base station to achieve secure communication with low communication overhead. The goal is to balance security, resilience, and resource overhead of the key management protocol for the constrained sensor nodes. It provides mathematical background on bilinear pairings and elliptic curves needed to implement the identity-based cryptographic techniques.
AN EFFICIENT KEY AGREEMENT SCHEME FOR WIRELESSSENSOR NETWORKS USING THIRD PAR...ijasuc
This document summarizes a key agreement scheme for wireless sensor networks that uses third party nodes to assist with pair-wise key establishment between sensor nodes. The proposed scheme has several advantages over existing approaches, including high local connectivity between sensor nodes, low memory usage, and resilience against node capture. It utilizes third party nodes, which are additional nodes deployed only to assist with key establishment and do not perform other network functions like sensing or routing. The scheme distributes secret shares to sensor nodes, allows nodes to discover local neighbors, and establishes secure channels in a way that improves performance metrics like connectivity, security, memory efficiency, and computational overhead compared to other key agreement methods.
Securing Many-To- Many Wireless Sensor Networks With Unique Dynamic KeyEditor IJMTER
Due to the sensitive nature of the data transmitted by applications ranging from mobile target
surveillance to intelligent home networking, through Wireless sensor networks, (WSNs) appropriate
protection mechanisms are needed to prevent attackers from exploiting the weaknesses of the radio links.
In this paper, we propose a novel group key management scheme. This paper investigates the use of secure
tunnels as a solution to improve the protection of WSNs. We propose a tunneling scheme that conforms
to the security requirements of WSNs while having less computational and network overhead. Our
protocol considerably can reduce the number of transmitted messages as well as the computational load,
which makes it suitable for WSNs. We tested the proposed protocol considering two models of mobility
of the targets which are respectively the Random Walk model and the Gauss Markov model.
A key management approach for wireless sensor networksZac Darcy
In this paper we presenta key management approach for wireless sensor networks. This approach
facilitating an efficient scalable post-distribution key establishment that provides different security services.
We have developed and tested this approach under TinyOs. Result shows that this approach provides
acceptable resistance against node capture attacks and replay attacks. The provision of security services is
completely transparent to the user of the WSNs. Furthermore, being highly scalable and lightweight, this
approach is appropriate to be used in a wireless sensor network of hundreds of nodes.
A Modified Pair Wise Key Distribution Schemes and There Effect On Network Per...IJERA Editor
Key distribution schemes has always played a pivotal role in the security of wireless sensor networks. In this research work we focus mainly on the security aspect of WSN . We have developed a modified key distribution scheme which uses the concepts of post as well as pre distribution scheme and thus he proved to be a better alternative then the rest of two schemes. Simulation study has been carried out using matlab. The effort turned out to be fruitful s our modified scheme showed less dead nodes per round of data transfer as compared to post deployment scheme.
IRJET- - Implementation of a Secured Approach using Dynamic Key Managemen...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a secure authentication approach for wireless sensor networks using dynamic key management and zero knowledge protocols. It begins with background on wireless sensor networks and security issues. It then describes related work on key predistribution and dynamic key management schemes. A proposed algorithm is described that uses a rekeying mechanism, zero knowledge authentication without directly transmitting secret keys, and dynamic keys that change for each authentication. Simulation results on networks of up to 25 nodes show the approach is efficient and can authenticate nodes while preventing attacks like cloning.
Random Key Pre-distribution Schemes using Multi-Path in Wireless Sensor Networksijceronline
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new key pre-distribution and multi-path routing scheme for wireless sensor networks. The paper begins with an introduction that describes the importance of security in wireless sensor networks and challenges with key management. It then reviews existing key pre-distribution and routing schemes. The document proposes a new hexagon-based multi-path routing algorithm combined with a key pre-distribution scheme. It describes the details of the algorithm and compares its performance to other schemes through simulations. The results show the proposed scheme achieves better security, efficiency and message delivery compared to previous works.
The document describes a pairwise key establishment scheme for ad hoc networks. It proposes using cellular automata rules to dynamically establish shared keys between two nodes. Each node sends either a cellular automata rule or the initialization parameters to the other node. The receiving node then uses the rule and parameters along with cellular automata computations to independently derive the shared key. This allows keys to be established dynamically without transmitting the actual keys or requiring an online server. The scheme aims to provide secure communication through pairwise key establishment while being computationally efficient and not relying on predistributed keys.
Hierarchical Key Agreement Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networksidescitation
This document proposes a hierarchical key agreement protocol for wireless sensor networks that uses both symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic techniques. Specifically, it uses probabilistic key pre-distribution for sensor nodes within clusters to establish secure communication with low computational overhead. It uses identity-based asymmetric key distribution between cluster heads and the base station to achieve secure communication with low communication overhead. The goal is to balance security, resilience, and resource overhead of the key management protocol for the constrained sensor nodes. It provides mathematical background on bilinear pairings and elliptic curves needed to implement the identity-based cryptographic techniques.
AN EFFICIENT KEY AGREEMENT SCHEME FOR WIRELESSSENSOR NETWORKS USING THIRD PAR...ijasuc
This document summarizes a key agreement scheme for wireless sensor networks that uses third party nodes to assist with pair-wise key establishment between sensor nodes. The proposed scheme has several advantages over existing approaches, including high local connectivity between sensor nodes, low memory usage, and resilience against node capture. It utilizes third party nodes, which are additional nodes deployed only to assist with key establishment and do not perform other network functions like sensing or routing. The scheme distributes secret shares to sensor nodes, allows nodes to discover local neighbors, and establishes secure channels in a way that improves performance metrics like connectivity, security, memory efficiency, and computational overhead compared to other key agreement methods.
Securing Many-To- Many Wireless Sensor Networks With Unique Dynamic KeyEditor IJMTER
Due to the sensitive nature of the data transmitted by applications ranging from mobile target
surveillance to intelligent home networking, through Wireless sensor networks, (WSNs) appropriate
protection mechanisms are needed to prevent attackers from exploiting the weaknesses of the radio links.
In this paper, we propose a novel group key management scheme. This paper investigates the use of secure
tunnels as a solution to improve the protection of WSNs. We propose a tunneling scheme that conforms
to the security requirements of WSNs while having less computational and network overhead. Our
protocol considerably can reduce the number of transmitted messages as well as the computational load,
which makes it suitable for WSNs. We tested the proposed protocol considering two models of mobility
of the targets which are respectively the Random Walk model and the Gauss Markov model.
A key management approach for wireless sensor networksZac Darcy
In this paper we presenta key management approach for wireless sensor networks. This approach
facilitating an efficient scalable post-distribution key establishment that provides different security services.
We have developed and tested this approach under TinyOs. Result shows that this approach provides
acceptable resistance against node capture attacks and replay attacks. The provision of security services is
completely transparent to the user of the WSNs. Furthermore, being highly scalable and lightweight, this
approach is appropriate to be used in a wireless sensor network of hundreds of nodes.
Enhancing the Security in WSN using Three Tier Security ArchitectureAM Publications,India
Security is the main issue while setting up the WSN network for node communication. This report describes the efficient mechanism for achieving the security between node communications by creating three tier security architecture. This system implements three tier architecture with the use of two polynomial pools having sensor nodes, mobile sinks and some access points that are also sensor nodes, to get better security. Two pools are common mobile polynomial pool and common static polynomial pool. Mobile sinks and access point carries keys from common mobile polynomial pool were as, access points and sensor nodes carries keys from common static polynomial pool. Communication gets established from mobile sink to access point then from access point to sensor node that shows three tier architecture Authentication is the main aspect of the system, that is achieved by pairwise key predistribution methods and authentication of the nodes with the use of polynomial keys. Here, Mobile sink replication attack is implemented against the network. The malicious node, it is blocked. If it wants to communicate within the network then it needs to capture large no of keys from both the pools for authentication. But as the sufficient keys are not available with it, it cannot communicate with the other nodes in the network
ENHANCED THREE TIER SECURITY ARCHITECTURE FOR WSN AGAINST MOBILE SINK REPLI...ijwmn
Recent developments on Wireless Sensor Networks have made their application in a wide range
such as military sensing and tracking, health monitoring, traffic monitoring, video surveillance and so on.
Wireless sensor nodes are restricted to computational resources, and are always deployed in a harsh,
unattended or unfriendly environment. Therefore, network security becomes a tough task and it involves
the authorization of admittance to data in a network. The problem of authentication and pair wise key
establishment in sensor networks with mobile sink is still not solved in the mobile sink replication attacks.
In q-composite key pre distribution scheme, a large number of keys are compromised by capturing a
small fraction of sensor nodes by the attacker. The attacker can easily take a control of the entire network
by deploying a replicated mobile sinks. Those mobile sinks which are preloaded with compromised keys
are used authenticate and initiate data communication with sensor node. To determine the above problem
the system adduces the three-tier security framework for authentication and pair wise key establishment
between mobile sinks and sensor nodes. The previous system used the polynomial key pre distribution
scheme for the sensor networks which handles sink mobility and continuous data delivery to the
neighbouring nodes and sinks, but this scheme makes high computational cost and reduces the life time of
sensors. In order to overcome this problem a random pair wise key pre distribution scheme is suggested
and further it helps to improve the network resilience. In addition to this an Identity Based Encryption is
used to encrypt the data and Mutual authentication scheme is proposed for the identification and
isolation of replicated mobile sink from the network.
A NEW KEY ESTABLISHMENT SCHEME FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSIJNSA Journal
Traditional key management techniques, such as public key cryptography or key distribution center (e.g., Kerberos), are often not effective for wireless sensor networks for the serious limitations in terms of computational power, energy supply, network bandwidth. In order to balance the security and efficiency, we propose a new scheme by employing LU Composition techniques for mutual authenticated pairwise key establishment and integrating LU Matrix with Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman for anonymous pathkey establishment. At the meantime, it is able to achieve efficient group key agreement and management. Analysis shows that the new scheme has better performance and provides authenticity and anonymity for sensor to establish multiple kinds of keys, compared with previous related works.
Key Establishment using Selective Repeat Automatic Repeat Request Mechanism f...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Security Model for Hierarchical Clustered Wireless Sensor NetworksCSCJournals
The proposed security system for the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is based on the WSN security design goal that ‘to design a completely secure WSN, security must be integrated into every node of the system’. This paper discusses on two main components of the security framework viz. the secure key management module and the secure routing scheme. The incorporation of security mechanism during the routing protocol design phase is the main focus of this paper. The proposed security framework viz. ‘Secure and Hierarchical, a Routing Protocol’ (SHARP) is designed for the wireless sensor network applications which is deployed particularly for data collection purpose in a battlefield where the security aspect of the network cannot be compromised at any cost. SHARP consists of three basic integrated modules and each module performs a well defined task to make the whole security framework a complete system on its own.
Significant Storage on Sensor Storage Space, Energy Consumption and Better Se...ijasuc
This document presents a routing-driven key establishment scheme for hybrid sensor networks that aims to significantly reduce storage space, energy consumption, and improve security. The scheme utilizes elliptic curve cryptography to efficiently establish shared keys only between sensor nodes that communicate with each other, based on the routing pattern. It is argued that previous key establishment schemes required storing keys for all neighbor pairs, regardless of actual communication, wasting resources. The proposed scheme clusters the network with high-end sensors as heads, and generates keys based on intra-cluster and inter-cluster routing to optimize key usage and management. Analysis shows the new scheme provides better security with reduced overhead compared to other approaches.
Review on key predistribution schemes in wireless sensor networksijassn
A wireless sensor network consist distributed sensors which are used to monitor physical or environmental
conditions like temperature, sound, pressure and so on. Wireless sensor network are used in future in many
applications like military, investigation teams, researches and so on. Security is the main issue in wireless
sensor network. Sensor network arrange several types of data packets, packets of routing protocols and
packets of key management protocols. Key management is the most effective method for providing better
security against several types of attacks. This paper discusses the various key pre-distribution approaches
along with their advantages and disadvantages.
Securing cluster based adhoc network through balanced clustering with distrib...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, we address key management in cluster-based mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). We present a fully-distributed ID-based multiple secrets key management scheme (IMKM). This scheme is implemented via a combination of ID-based multiple secrets and threshold cryptography. Ensuring secure communication in an ad hoc network is extremely challenging because of the dynamic nature of the network and the lack of centralized management. Our proposed analysis includes the effect of packet generation model, random deployment of sensors, dynamic cluster head assignment, data compression, and energy consumption model at the sensors. a new protocol called Equalized Cluster Head Election Routing Protocol (ECHERP), which pursues energy conservation through balanced clustering, is proposed. Performance evaluation of ECHERP is carried out through simulation tests. We also present a novel key predistribution scheme that uses deployment knowledge to divide deployment regions into overlapping clusters, each of which has its own distinct key space. Through careful construction of these clusters, network resilience is improved, we focus on the management of encryption keys in large-scale clustered WSNs. We propose a novel distributed key management scheme based on Exclusion Basis Systems (EBS); a combinatorial formulation of the group key management problem. Initially, clusters are formed in the network and the cluster heads are selected based on the energy cost, coverage and processing capacity. The sink assigns cluster key to every cluster and an EBS key set to every cluster head. The EBS key set contains the pairwise keys for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication. During data transmission towards the sink, the data is made to pass through two phases of encryption thus ensuring security in the network. Our results include performance evaluation in terms of security metrics in clustered WSN and a detailed analysis of resource utilization. Keywords: cluster, deployment knowledge, energy efficiency key predistribution, event-driven, exclusion basis systems, hierarchical routing, ID-based cryptography, key agreement, key management, lifetime, location-aware protocols, mobile ad hoc network, Network coding, , random deployment, Security, secret sharing, secret key distribution, sensor networks, volatile environments, Wireless sensor networks secure group communications.
A Trust Conscious Secure Route Data Communication in MANETSCSCJournals
The document proposes a mechanism for establishing trust-based secure routes for data communication between mobile nodes in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). It aims to dynamically increase the trust level between nodes from low to high using proxy nodes. When nodes need to securely communicate, they will generate dynamic secret session keys either directly or through proxy nodes using message digest and Diffie-Hellman protocols. The mechanism is implemented on reactive routing protocols and finds routes through trusted intermediate nodes that share secret keys. This may result in non-optimal routes but guarantees security. It also describes how a new node can join and how trusted nodes can act as proxies to help other nodes establish shared keys.
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A Comparative Study of Group Key Management in MANETIJERA Editor
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a self organized network, with no fixed infrastructure, limited
resources and limited physical security. Security in such an environment is an essential requirement. Key
management is a salient element in MANET security. It is responsible for key generation, storage, distribution,
updating, revocation, deleting, and archiving. Key management protocols are classified into symmetric,
asymmetric, group, and hybrid. Group key management is a point of interest for researchers with the growing
usage of mobile devices and the rising of multicast communication. This paper surveys different approaches in
group key management schemes. A comparative study is demonstrated in terms of reliability, computational
complexity, storage cost, communication overheads, pre-requirements, security levels, robustness,
vulnerabilities, scalability, energy and mobility. Finally, the study concludes the pros and cons of each protocol.
Key Management Scheme for Secure Group Communication in WSN with Multiple Gr...csandit
Security is one of the inherent challenges in the area of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). At
present, majority of the security protocols involve massive iterations and complex steps of
encryptions thereby giving rise to degradation of quality of service. Many WSN applications are
based on secure group communication. In this paper, we have proposed a scheme for secure
group key management with simultaneous multiple groups. The scheme uses a key-based
approach for managing the groups and we show that membership change events can be
handled with less storage, communication and computation cost. The scheme also offers
authentication to the messages communicated within and among the groups.
A Traffic-Aware Key Management Architecture for Reducing Energy Consumption i...IDES Editor
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), most
of the existing key management schemes, establish shared
keys for all pairs of neighbor sensor nodes without
considering the communication between these nodes.
When the number of sensor nodes in WSNs is increased
then each sensor node is to be loaded with bulky amount
of keys. In WSNs a sensor node may communicate with a
small set of neighbor sensor nodes. Based on this fact, in
this paper, an energy efficient Traffic-Aware Key
Management (TKM) scheme is developed for WSNs,
which only establishes shared keys for active sensors
which participate in direct communication. The proposed
scheme offers an efficient Re-keying mechanism to
broadcast keys without the need for retransmission or
acknowledgements. Numerical results show that proposed
key management scheme achieves high connectivity. In
the simulation experiments, the proposed key
management scheme is applied for different routing
protocols. The performance evaluation shows that
proposed scheme gives stronger resilence, low energy
consumption and lesser end to end delay.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
AN ANTI-CLONE ATTACK KEY MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKScsandit
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are subject to various kinds of attacks such as replaying of
messages, battery exhausting, and nodes compromising. While most of these attacks can be
dealt with through cryptographic security protocols provided by key management schemes,
there are always a few that manage to really cause problems. One such attack that is most
common and significant in WSNs is cloning attack. In clone attack, the intruder tries to capture
and compromise some nodes and inject them into several locations throughout the network in
order to conduct other types of attacks. Moreover, if this attack is not detected early, then these
replicated injected nodes will consume a large amount of the network resources. In this paper,
we analyze several key management schemes that can be used for checking integrity and
preventing cloning attacks. After analyzing the problems associated with these schemes, we
propose a model that allows us to distinguish between legitimate nodes and cloned nodes in
such sensor networks.
An Analysis of Location Independent Key Predistribution Schemes for Wireless ...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and compares different location independent key predistribution schemes for wireless sensor networks. It discusses the basics of how key predistribution works, including key predistribution, sensor deployment, shared key discovery, and pairwise key establishment phases. It then analyzes several existing key distribution schemes such as random key predistribution, pairwise key distribution, and schemes based on combinatorial design and expander graphs. The document evaluates and compares the schemes based on properties like connectivity and resilience through experimental results. Overall, the document provides an overview of key location independent key predistribution schemes for wireless sensor networks and evaluates their performance.
This document presents a mathematical approach for calculating reliability in wireless sensor networks (WSN) for security purposes. It discusses three key aspects: 1) calculating the reliability of the interconnected network backbone through factors like bandwidth and signal transmission, 2) calculating the reliability of the overall WSN by considering parameters like performance and total reliability, and 3) classifying data aggregation schemes which can help provide secure and accurate data aggregation. The approach aims to estimate system working quality and design a reliable security system through these reliability calculations.
IRJET- Enhanced ID based Data Aggregation and Detection Against Sybil Attack ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a Challenge-Response Authentication Protocol (CRAP) to detect Sybil attacks in wireless sensor networks. The CRAP generates unique keys for each transmission to provide encrypted communication. It is used to prevent Sybil attacks where an attacker steals node identities during data transmission. The performance of the detection scheme is evaluated using detection ratio. The proposed CRAP involves three phases: 1) nodes are selected and grouped, 2) two nearby nodes transmit packets to detect collisions indicating Sybil nodes, 3) if no hop is detected between Sybil identities, the nodes are confirmed to be under attack. The scheme is analyzed using performance metrics like packet delivery ratio, energy efficiency, and attack detection ratio.
Concealed Data Aggregation with Dynamic Intrusion Detection System to Remove ...csandit
Data Aggregation is a vital aspect in WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) and this is because it
reduces the quantity of data to be transmitted over the complex network. In earlier studies
authors used homomorphic encryption properties for concealing statement during aggregation
such that encrypted data can be aggregated algebraically without decrypting them. These
schemes are not applicable for multi applications which lead to proposal of Concealed Data
Aggregation for Multi Applications (CDAMA). It is designed for multi applications, as it
provides secure counting ability. In wireless sensor networks SN are unarmed and are
susceptible to attacks. Considering the defence aspect of wireless environment we have used
DYDOG (Dynamic Intrusion Detection Protocol Model) and a customized key generation
procedure that uses Digital Signatures and also Two Fish Algorithms along with CDAMA for
augmentation of security and throughput. To prove our proposed scheme’s robustness and
effectiveness, we conducted the simulations, inclusive analysis and comparisons at the ending.
This document proposes a Pair-Wise Directional Geographical Routing (PWDGR) strategy to solve the energy bottleneck problem in wireless sensor networks. PWDGR selects pairwise nodes evenly around the sink node according to an algorithm. It allows the source node to send data to these pairwise nodes, which then send the data to the sink node. This balances energy consumption and reduces the energy burden around the sink node. Simulations showed PWDGR prolongs network lifetime by 70% compared to similar strategies, with only an 8.1% increase in delay.
This document discusses geographical routing in mobile ad hoc networks. It describes traditional routing approaches like next-hop routing, source routing, and flooding, and their disadvantages. It then introduces geographical routing, which uses location information to route packets. Key geographical routing protocols discussed include LAR, DREAM, and GRID. LAR and DREAM disseminate location information and forward packets towards the destination's expected zone. GRID partitions the area into grids and elects gateways to route between grids towards the destination. The document also categorizes geographical routing algorithms based on their use of location services, forwarding strategies, and recovery schemes.
Enhancing the Security in WSN using Three Tier Security ArchitectureAM Publications,India
Security is the main issue while setting up the WSN network for node communication. This report describes the efficient mechanism for achieving the security between node communications by creating three tier security architecture. This system implements three tier architecture with the use of two polynomial pools having sensor nodes, mobile sinks and some access points that are also sensor nodes, to get better security. Two pools are common mobile polynomial pool and common static polynomial pool. Mobile sinks and access point carries keys from common mobile polynomial pool were as, access points and sensor nodes carries keys from common static polynomial pool. Communication gets established from mobile sink to access point then from access point to sensor node that shows three tier architecture Authentication is the main aspect of the system, that is achieved by pairwise key predistribution methods and authentication of the nodes with the use of polynomial keys. Here, Mobile sink replication attack is implemented against the network. The malicious node, it is blocked. If it wants to communicate within the network then it needs to capture large no of keys from both the pools for authentication. But as the sufficient keys are not available with it, it cannot communicate with the other nodes in the network
ENHANCED THREE TIER SECURITY ARCHITECTURE FOR WSN AGAINST MOBILE SINK REPLI...ijwmn
Recent developments on Wireless Sensor Networks have made their application in a wide range
such as military sensing and tracking, health monitoring, traffic monitoring, video surveillance and so on.
Wireless sensor nodes are restricted to computational resources, and are always deployed in a harsh,
unattended or unfriendly environment. Therefore, network security becomes a tough task and it involves
the authorization of admittance to data in a network. The problem of authentication and pair wise key
establishment in sensor networks with mobile sink is still not solved in the mobile sink replication attacks.
In q-composite key pre distribution scheme, a large number of keys are compromised by capturing a
small fraction of sensor nodes by the attacker. The attacker can easily take a control of the entire network
by deploying a replicated mobile sinks. Those mobile sinks which are preloaded with compromised keys
are used authenticate and initiate data communication with sensor node. To determine the above problem
the system adduces the three-tier security framework for authentication and pair wise key establishment
between mobile sinks and sensor nodes. The previous system used the polynomial key pre distribution
scheme for the sensor networks which handles sink mobility and continuous data delivery to the
neighbouring nodes and sinks, but this scheme makes high computational cost and reduces the life time of
sensors. In order to overcome this problem a random pair wise key pre distribution scheme is suggested
and further it helps to improve the network resilience. In addition to this an Identity Based Encryption is
used to encrypt the data and Mutual authentication scheme is proposed for the identification and
isolation of replicated mobile sink from the network.
A NEW KEY ESTABLISHMENT SCHEME FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSIJNSA Journal
Traditional key management techniques, such as public key cryptography or key distribution center (e.g., Kerberos), are often not effective for wireless sensor networks for the serious limitations in terms of computational power, energy supply, network bandwidth. In order to balance the security and efficiency, we propose a new scheme by employing LU Composition techniques for mutual authenticated pairwise key establishment and integrating LU Matrix with Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman for anonymous pathkey establishment. At the meantime, it is able to achieve efficient group key agreement and management. Analysis shows that the new scheme has better performance and provides authenticity and anonymity for sensor to establish multiple kinds of keys, compared with previous related works.
Key Establishment using Selective Repeat Automatic Repeat Request Mechanism f...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Security Model for Hierarchical Clustered Wireless Sensor NetworksCSCJournals
The proposed security system for the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is based on the WSN security design goal that ‘to design a completely secure WSN, security must be integrated into every node of the system’. This paper discusses on two main components of the security framework viz. the secure key management module and the secure routing scheme. The incorporation of security mechanism during the routing protocol design phase is the main focus of this paper. The proposed security framework viz. ‘Secure and Hierarchical, a Routing Protocol’ (SHARP) is designed for the wireless sensor network applications which is deployed particularly for data collection purpose in a battlefield where the security aspect of the network cannot be compromised at any cost. SHARP consists of three basic integrated modules and each module performs a well defined task to make the whole security framework a complete system on its own.
Significant Storage on Sensor Storage Space, Energy Consumption and Better Se...ijasuc
This document presents a routing-driven key establishment scheme for hybrid sensor networks that aims to significantly reduce storage space, energy consumption, and improve security. The scheme utilizes elliptic curve cryptography to efficiently establish shared keys only between sensor nodes that communicate with each other, based on the routing pattern. It is argued that previous key establishment schemes required storing keys for all neighbor pairs, regardless of actual communication, wasting resources. The proposed scheme clusters the network with high-end sensors as heads, and generates keys based on intra-cluster and inter-cluster routing to optimize key usage and management. Analysis shows the new scheme provides better security with reduced overhead compared to other approaches.
Review on key predistribution schemes in wireless sensor networksijassn
A wireless sensor network consist distributed sensors which are used to monitor physical or environmental
conditions like temperature, sound, pressure and so on. Wireless sensor network are used in future in many
applications like military, investigation teams, researches and so on. Security is the main issue in wireless
sensor network. Sensor network arrange several types of data packets, packets of routing protocols and
packets of key management protocols. Key management is the most effective method for providing better
security against several types of attacks. This paper discusses the various key pre-distribution approaches
along with their advantages and disadvantages.
Securing cluster based adhoc network through balanced clustering with distrib...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, we address key management in cluster-based mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). We present a fully-distributed ID-based multiple secrets key management scheme (IMKM). This scheme is implemented via a combination of ID-based multiple secrets and threshold cryptography. Ensuring secure communication in an ad hoc network is extremely challenging because of the dynamic nature of the network and the lack of centralized management. Our proposed analysis includes the effect of packet generation model, random deployment of sensors, dynamic cluster head assignment, data compression, and energy consumption model at the sensors. a new protocol called Equalized Cluster Head Election Routing Protocol (ECHERP), which pursues energy conservation through balanced clustering, is proposed. Performance evaluation of ECHERP is carried out through simulation tests. We also present a novel key predistribution scheme that uses deployment knowledge to divide deployment regions into overlapping clusters, each of which has its own distinct key space. Through careful construction of these clusters, network resilience is improved, we focus on the management of encryption keys in large-scale clustered WSNs. We propose a novel distributed key management scheme based on Exclusion Basis Systems (EBS); a combinatorial formulation of the group key management problem. Initially, clusters are formed in the network and the cluster heads are selected based on the energy cost, coverage and processing capacity. The sink assigns cluster key to every cluster and an EBS key set to every cluster head. The EBS key set contains the pairwise keys for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication. During data transmission towards the sink, the data is made to pass through two phases of encryption thus ensuring security in the network. Our results include performance evaluation in terms of security metrics in clustered WSN and a detailed analysis of resource utilization. Keywords: cluster, deployment knowledge, energy efficiency key predistribution, event-driven, exclusion basis systems, hierarchical routing, ID-based cryptography, key agreement, key management, lifetime, location-aware protocols, mobile ad hoc network, Network coding, , random deployment, Security, secret sharing, secret key distribution, sensor networks, volatile environments, Wireless sensor networks secure group communications.
A Trust Conscious Secure Route Data Communication in MANETSCSCJournals
The document proposes a mechanism for establishing trust-based secure routes for data communication between mobile nodes in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). It aims to dynamically increase the trust level between nodes from low to high using proxy nodes. When nodes need to securely communicate, they will generate dynamic secret session keys either directly or through proxy nodes using message digest and Diffie-Hellman protocols. The mechanism is implemented on reactive routing protocols and finds routes through trusted intermediate nodes that share secret keys. This may result in non-optimal routes but guarantees security. It also describes how a new node can join and how trusted nodes can act as proxies to help other nodes establish shared keys.
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A Comparative Study of Group Key Management in MANETIJERA Editor
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a self organized network, with no fixed infrastructure, limited
resources and limited physical security. Security in such an environment is an essential requirement. Key
management is a salient element in MANET security. It is responsible for key generation, storage, distribution,
updating, revocation, deleting, and archiving. Key management protocols are classified into symmetric,
asymmetric, group, and hybrid. Group key management is a point of interest for researchers with the growing
usage of mobile devices and the rising of multicast communication. This paper surveys different approaches in
group key management schemes. A comparative study is demonstrated in terms of reliability, computational
complexity, storage cost, communication overheads, pre-requirements, security levels, robustness,
vulnerabilities, scalability, energy and mobility. Finally, the study concludes the pros and cons of each protocol.
Key Management Scheme for Secure Group Communication in WSN with Multiple Gr...csandit
Security is one of the inherent challenges in the area of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). At
present, majority of the security protocols involve massive iterations and complex steps of
encryptions thereby giving rise to degradation of quality of service. Many WSN applications are
based on secure group communication. In this paper, we have proposed a scheme for secure
group key management with simultaneous multiple groups. The scheme uses a key-based
approach for managing the groups and we show that membership change events can be
handled with less storage, communication and computation cost. The scheme also offers
authentication to the messages communicated within and among the groups.
A Traffic-Aware Key Management Architecture for Reducing Energy Consumption i...IDES Editor
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), most
of the existing key management schemes, establish shared
keys for all pairs of neighbor sensor nodes without
considering the communication between these nodes.
When the number of sensor nodes in WSNs is increased
then each sensor node is to be loaded with bulky amount
of keys. In WSNs a sensor node may communicate with a
small set of neighbor sensor nodes. Based on this fact, in
this paper, an energy efficient Traffic-Aware Key
Management (TKM) scheme is developed for WSNs,
which only establishes shared keys for active sensors
which participate in direct communication. The proposed
scheme offers an efficient Re-keying mechanism to
broadcast keys without the need for retransmission or
acknowledgements. Numerical results show that proposed
key management scheme achieves high connectivity. In
the simulation experiments, the proposed key
management scheme is applied for different routing
protocols. The performance evaluation shows that
proposed scheme gives stronger resilence, low energy
consumption and lesser end to end delay.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
AN ANTI-CLONE ATTACK KEY MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKScsandit
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are subject to various kinds of attacks such as replaying of
messages, battery exhausting, and nodes compromising. While most of these attacks can be
dealt with through cryptographic security protocols provided by key management schemes,
there are always a few that manage to really cause problems. One such attack that is most
common and significant in WSNs is cloning attack. In clone attack, the intruder tries to capture
and compromise some nodes and inject them into several locations throughout the network in
order to conduct other types of attacks. Moreover, if this attack is not detected early, then these
replicated injected nodes will consume a large amount of the network resources. In this paper,
we analyze several key management schemes that can be used for checking integrity and
preventing cloning attacks. After analyzing the problems associated with these schemes, we
propose a model that allows us to distinguish between legitimate nodes and cloned nodes in
such sensor networks.
An Analysis of Location Independent Key Predistribution Schemes for Wireless ...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and compares different location independent key predistribution schemes for wireless sensor networks. It discusses the basics of how key predistribution works, including key predistribution, sensor deployment, shared key discovery, and pairwise key establishment phases. It then analyzes several existing key distribution schemes such as random key predistribution, pairwise key distribution, and schemes based on combinatorial design and expander graphs. The document evaluates and compares the schemes based on properties like connectivity and resilience through experimental results. Overall, the document provides an overview of key location independent key predistribution schemes for wireless sensor networks and evaluates their performance.
This document presents a mathematical approach for calculating reliability in wireless sensor networks (WSN) for security purposes. It discusses three key aspects: 1) calculating the reliability of the interconnected network backbone through factors like bandwidth and signal transmission, 2) calculating the reliability of the overall WSN by considering parameters like performance and total reliability, and 3) classifying data aggregation schemes which can help provide secure and accurate data aggregation. The approach aims to estimate system working quality and design a reliable security system through these reliability calculations.
IRJET- Enhanced ID based Data Aggregation and Detection Against Sybil Attack ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a Challenge-Response Authentication Protocol (CRAP) to detect Sybil attacks in wireless sensor networks. The CRAP generates unique keys for each transmission to provide encrypted communication. It is used to prevent Sybil attacks where an attacker steals node identities during data transmission. The performance of the detection scheme is evaluated using detection ratio. The proposed CRAP involves three phases: 1) nodes are selected and grouped, 2) two nearby nodes transmit packets to detect collisions indicating Sybil nodes, 3) if no hop is detected between Sybil identities, the nodes are confirmed to be under attack. The scheme is analyzed using performance metrics like packet delivery ratio, energy efficiency, and attack detection ratio.
Concealed Data Aggregation with Dynamic Intrusion Detection System to Remove ...csandit
Data Aggregation is a vital aspect in WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) and this is because it
reduces the quantity of data to be transmitted over the complex network. In earlier studies
authors used homomorphic encryption properties for concealing statement during aggregation
such that encrypted data can be aggregated algebraically without decrypting them. These
schemes are not applicable for multi applications which lead to proposal of Concealed Data
Aggregation for Multi Applications (CDAMA). It is designed for multi applications, as it
provides secure counting ability. In wireless sensor networks SN are unarmed and are
susceptible to attacks. Considering the defence aspect of wireless environment we have used
DYDOG (Dynamic Intrusion Detection Protocol Model) and a customized key generation
procedure that uses Digital Signatures and also Two Fish Algorithms along with CDAMA for
augmentation of security and throughput. To prove our proposed scheme’s robustness and
effectiveness, we conducted the simulations, inclusive analysis and comparisons at the ending.
This document proposes a Pair-Wise Directional Geographical Routing (PWDGR) strategy to solve the energy bottleneck problem in wireless sensor networks. PWDGR selects pairwise nodes evenly around the sink node according to an algorithm. It allows the source node to send data to these pairwise nodes, which then send the data to the sink node. This balances energy consumption and reduces the energy burden around the sink node. Simulations showed PWDGR prolongs network lifetime by 70% compared to similar strategies, with only an 8.1% increase in delay.
This document discusses geographical routing in mobile ad hoc networks. It describes traditional routing approaches like next-hop routing, source routing, and flooding, and their disadvantages. It then introduces geographical routing, which uses location information to route packets. Key geographical routing protocols discussed include LAR, DREAM, and GRID. LAR and DREAM disseminate location information and forward packets towards the destination's expected zone. GRID partitions the area into grids and elects gateways to route between grids towards the destination. The document also categorizes geographical routing algorithms based on their use of location services, forwarding strategies, and recovery schemes.
This document summarizes key aspects of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) including common threats, operational paradigms, and key distribution techniques. It discusses the main operational paradigms of WSNs: simple collection and transmittal, forwarding, receive and process commands, self-organization, and data aggregation. For each, it outlines vulnerabilities and potential solutions. It also summarizes three common key distribution schemes: using a single network-wide key, asymmetric cryptography, and pairwise keys. For each it discusses properties and drawbacks regarding resilience, scalability, and memory requirements.
This document discusses security challenges in wireless sensor networks. It covers several topics: why security is needed in WSNs given their mission-critical applications; why security is more complicated in WSNs due to resource constraints of sensor nodes; common security requirements like confidentiality, integrity, and availability; guiding principles for securing WSNs like decentralized management and adaptive security; common attacks against WSNs at different layers of the protocol stack; and open research issues regarding cryptography, key management, secure data aggregation, and other high-level security mechanisms for WSNs.
The document discusses wireless sensor networks and describes their key characteristics. It notes that wireless sensor networks consist of low-power smart sensor nodes distributed over a large field to enable wireless sensing and data networking. The sensor nodes contain sensors, processors, memory, and radios. Wireless sensor networks can be either unstructured with dense node distribution or structured with few scattered nodes.
A Key Management Approach For Wireless Sensor NetworksZac Darcy
In this paper we presenta key management approach for wireless sensor networks. This approach
facilitating an efficient scalable post-distribution key establishment that provides different security services.
We have developed and tested this approach under TinyOs. Result shows that this approach provides
acceptable resistance against node capture attacks and replay attacks. The provision of security services is
completely transparent to the user of the WSNs. Furthermore, being highly scalable and lightweight, this
approach is appropriate to be used in a wireless sensor network of hundreds of nodes.
A Key Management Approach For Wireless Sensor NetworksZac Darcy
In this paper we presenta key management approach for wireless sensor networks. This approach
facilitating an efficient scalable post-distribution key establishment that provides different security services.
We have developed and tested this approach under TinyOs. Result shows that this approach provides
acceptable resistance against node capture attacks and replay attacks. The provision of security services is
completely transparent to the user of the WSNs. Furthermore, being highly scalable and lightweight, this
approach is appropriate to be used in a wireless sensor network of hundreds of nodes.
Secure and efficient key pre distribution schemes for wsn using combinatorial...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An efficient approach for secured communication in wireless sensor networks IJECEIAES
Wireless sensor network (WSN) have limited bandwidth, low computational functions, energy constraints. Inspite of these constraints, WSN is useful where communication happens without infrastructure support. The main concern of WSN is the security as the sensor nodes may be attacked and information may be hacked. Security of WSN should have the capability to ensure that the message received was sent by the particular sent node and not modified during transmission. WSN applications require lightweight and strong authentication mechanisms for obtaining data from unprivileged users. In wireless sensor networks, authentication is the effective method to stop unauthorized and undisrupted communication service. In order to strengthen the authenticated communication, several researchers have developed mechanisms. Some of the techniques work with identifying the attacked node or detecting injected bogus message in the network. Encryption and decryption are the popular methods of providing the security. These are based on either public-key or symmetric-key cryptosystems.Many of the existing solutions have limitations in communication and computational expertise. Also, the existing mechanisms lack in providing strength and scalability of the network. In order address these issues; a polynomial based method was introduced in recent days. Key distribution is a significant aspect in key management in WSNs. The simplest method of distribution of key is by hand which was used in the days of couriers. Now a day, most distribution of keys is done automatically. The automatic distribution of keys is essential and convenient in networks that require two parties to transmit their security keys in the same communication medium. In this work, a new type of key exchange mechanism is proposed. The proposed method for authentication among sensor nodes proves to be promising as per the simulation results. The nodes which are unknown to each other setup a private however arbitrary key for the symmetric key cryptosystem.
Energy Efficient Key Management Analysis using AVL Trees in Wireless Sensor N...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An Efficient Security Way of Authentication and Pair wise Key Distribution wi...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
REVIEW ON KEY PREDISTRIBUTION SCHEMES IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSijassn
A wireless sensor network consist distributed sensors which are used to monitor physical or environmental conditions like temperature, sound, pressure and so on. Wireless sensor network are used in future in many applications like military, investigation teams, researches and so on. Security is the main issue in wireless sensor network. Sensor network arrange several types of data packets, packets of routing protocols and packets of key management protocols. Key management is the most effective method for providing better security against several types of attacks. This paper discusses the various key pre-distribution approaches along with their advantages and disadvantages.
A SURVEY ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS SECURITY WITH THE INTEGRATION OF CLUSTER...cscpconf
The document discusses key establishment techniques and cluster-based group key agreement protocols for wireless sensor networks. It reviews pairwise keying, clustering, and how integrating the two can provide security. Several cluster-based group key agreement protocols are described, including HKAP, GKA-CH, PB-GKA-HGM, and AP-1 and AP-2. These protocols establish cluster and group keys using different hierarchical structures and key agreement methods. The document concludes by comparing the protocols based on their topology and structure.
A survey on wireless sensor networks security with the integration of cluster...csandit
Keying technique in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) is one of the most emerging fields of
WSN security. In order to provide security on WSN, the role of Key distribution technique is
considered to be very significant and thus the key management plays a crucial and fundamental
roles in the security service of WSNs. This paper reviews pairwise key establishment technique
along with the architecture and the environment of WSN. The cluster based group key
agreement protocols for infrastructure base WSN are discussed in this paper. This paper also
reviews how the security can be provided to WSNs with the integration of clustering and keying
techniques. The survey also provides a more detailed discussion on the comparison between
different cluster based group key agreement protocols.
IRJET- An Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks, its Challenges and SecurityIRJET Journal
- Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of small, battery-powered sensor nodes that collect data from the environment and transmit it to each other and a base station. They face challenges related to node mobility, energy efficiency, and lifetime.
- The document discusses clustering in WSNs, which involves organizing nodes into clusters with cluster heads to improve stability and reduce energy consumption. It also covers security issues and applications of WSNs in various fields like healthcare, the environment, and more.
CONCEALED DATA AGGREGATION WITH DYNAMIC INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM TO REMOVE ...cscpconf
Data Aggregation is a vital aspect in WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) and this is because it
reduces the quantity of data to be transmitted over the complex network. In earlier studies
authors used homomorphic encryption properties for concealing statement during aggregation
such that encrypted data can be aggregated algebraically without decrypting them. These
schemes are not applicable for multi applications which lead to proposal of Concealed Data
Aggregation for Multi Applications (CDAMA). It is designed for multi applications, as it
provides secure counting ability. In wireless sensor networks SN are unarmed and are
susceptible to attacks. Considering the defence aspect of wireless environment we have used
DYDOG (Dynamic Intrusion Detection Protocol Model) and a customized key generation
procedure that uses Digital Signatures and also Two Fish Algorithms along with CDAMA for
augmentation of security and throughput. To prove our proposed scheme’s robustness and
effectiveness, we conducted the simulations, inclusive analysis and comparisons at the ending.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
We would send hard copy of Journal by speed post to the address of correspondence author after online publication of paper.
We will dispatched hard copy to the author within 7 days of date of publication
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes and compares the energy consumption of different key management schemes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It finds that the NchooseK key management scheme consumes less energy than the pre-shared key (PSK) scheme for various key operations like generation, distribution, encryption, and verification. Through simulations of WSNs of varying sizes, the paper measures the energy used by each scheme during different steps and operations. The results show that NchooseK has more stable and consistent energy patterns compared to PSK, and consumes less energy overall for authentication and communication between sensor nodes. The paper concludes that NchooseK is a more scalable and energy-efficient scheme for key management in W
SYMMETRIC KEY MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR HIERARCHICAL WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSIJNSA Journal
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are critical component in many applications that used for data collection. Since sensors have limited resource, Wireless Sensor Networks are more vulnerable to attacks than other wireless networks. It is necessary to design a powerful key management scheme for WSNs and take in consideration the limited characteristics of sensors. To achieve security of communicated data in the network and to extend the WSNs lifetime; this paper proposes a new scheme called Symmetric Key Management Scheme (SKMS). SKMS used Symmetric Key Cryptography that depends only on a Hash function and XOR operation for securing homogeneous and heterogeneous hierarchical WSNs. Symmetric Key Cryptography is less computation than Asymmetric Key Cryptography. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides security, save the energy of sensors with low computation overhead.
SYMMETRIC KEY MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR HIERARCHICAL WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKSIJNSA Journal
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are critical component in many applications that used for data
collection. Since sensors have limited resource, Wireless Sensor Networks are more vulnerable to
attacks than other wireless networks. It is necessary to design a powerful key management scheme for WSNs
and take in consideration the limited characteristics of sensors. To achieve security of communicated
data in the network and to extend the WSNs lifetime; this paper proposes a new scheme called
Symmetric Key Management Scheme (SKMS). SKMS used Symmetric Key Cryptography that depends
only on a Hash function and XOR operation for securing homogeneous and heterogeneous hierarchical
WSNs. Symmetric Key Cryptography is less computation than Asymmetric Key Cryptography. Simulation
results show that the proposed scheme provides security, save the energy of sensors with low
computation overhead.
Secure and Trustable Routing in WSN for End to End CommunicationIJMTST Journal
In WSNs, end-to-end data communication security is required to combine data from source to destination. Combined data are transmitted in a path exist of connected links. All previous end to end routing protocols propose solutions in which each n every link uses a pair wise shared key to protect data. In this paper, we propose a novel design of secure end to end data communication. We give a newly published group key pre distribution scheme in this design, such that there is a unique group key, called path key, to protect data transmitted in the whole routing path. Specifically, instead of using several pair wise shared keys to repeatedly perform encryption and decryption over every link, our proposed scheme uses a unique source to destination path key to protect data transmitted over the path. Our proposed protocol can authenticate sensors to establish the path and to establish the path key. The main advantage using our protocol is to reduce the time needed to process data by middle sensors. Moreover, our proposed authentication scheme has complexity O(n), where n is the number of sensors in a communication path, which is several from all authentication schemes till now, which are one-to-one authentications with complexity O(n2). The security of the protocol is computationally secure. Active Trust can importantly improve the data route success probability and ability opposite black hole attacks and can optimize network lifetime.
A Security Framework for Replication Attacks in Wireless Sensor NetworksIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
LOCATION BASED DETECTION OF REPLICATION ATTACKS AND COLLUDING ATTACKSEditor IJCATR
Wireless sensor networks gains its importance because of the critical applications in which it is involved like
industrial automation, healthcare applications, military and surveillance. Among security attacks in wireless sensor
networks we consider an active attack, NODE REPLICATION attack and COLLUDING attack. We use localized
algorithms, ((ie) replication detection is done at the node level and eliminated without the intervention of the base
station) to solve replication attacks and colluding attacks. Replication attacks are detected to using a unique key pair
and cryptographic hash function. We propose to use XED and EED algorithm[1] ( authenticates the node and tries to
reduce the replication) , with this using the Event detected location , non-beacon node is used to find the location of a
malicious node and by a simple threshold verification we identify malicious clusters
Protected Data Collection In WSN by Filtering Attackers Influence (Published ...sangasandeep
This document discusses secure data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. It presents three approaches to secure data aggregation: hop-by-hop encryption, end-to-end encryption, and privacy homomorphism. A general framework is also proposed that uses clustering to perform secure and energy-efficient data aggregation across sensor nodes. The framework applies end-to-end symmetric cryptography using privacy homomorphism to encrypt data before sending it to cluster heads. This helps prevent attackers from accessing plaintext sensor data during transmission and aggregation.
Similar to Research on key predistribution scheme of wireless sensor networks (19)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.