Research Methodology

1. PRESENTED BY
Engr. Dr. Rotenna Ovid Mamah

2.  Should include
 The type of research you conducted
 How you collected and analyzed your data
 Any tools or materials you used in the research
 How you mitigated or avoided research biases
 Why you chose these methods
discusses & explains the data collection & analysis methods
used in the research work
explains what you did and how you did it, allowing readers to
evaluate the reliability and validity of your research
 Tips
 Should be written in past tense
 Your citation style might provide guidelines for your methodology

3.  Start with your “what”
What research problem/question did you investigate?
What type of data did you need to achieve this aim?
 Quantitative, qualitative data or both?
 Primary or secondary data?
 Experimental data gathered by controlling & manipulating variables or
descriptive data gathered via observation?
Step 1: Explain your methodological approach
by introducing your overall approach to your research
 Start with your “why”
Why did you choose these methods of study?
 Why is it the best way to answer ur research questions?
 Where are the ethical considerations involved in ur choice?
 What are the criteria for validity and reliability?
 How did you prevent bias from affecting ur data?

4.  Quantitative methods
 Describe quantitative research methods in detail for another researcher to
replicate your study
o Explain how you actualized your concepts and measured your variables
o Discuss your sampling method or inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as any tools, procedures, and materials
you used to gather your data
Step 2: Describe your data collection methods
share full details about your data collection methods
 Experiments
 Share full details of the tools, techniques, and procedures you used to conduct your
experiment
 How did you design the experiment?
 How did you recruit participants?
 How did you manipulate and measure the variables?
 What tools did you use?
 Surveys
 Describe where, when, and how the survey was conducted
o How did you design the questionnaire?
o What form did your questions take (e.g., multiple choice)
o Were your surveys conducted in-person or virtually?
o What sampling method did you use to select participants?
o What was your sample size and response rate?

5.  Existing data
 Explain how you selected case study materials for your analysis
o What type of materials did you analyze?
o How did you select them?
Step 2: Describe your data collection methods (contd)
share full details about your data collection methods
 Mixed methods
 combines quantitative and qualitative approaches when
standalone Q or Q is not enough to answer the research question

6.  Quantitative methods
 your analysis will be based on numbers
o Show how you prepared the data before analyzing it
o Show software used for analysis
o Which statistical test used like, two-tailed t-test, linear regression etc
Step 3: Describe your analysis method
indicate how you processed and analyzed your data
 Qualitative methods
 your analysis will be based on language, images, and observations (textual
analysis)
oContent analysis: Categorizing and discussing the meaning of words, phrases and sentences
oThematic analysis: Coding and closely examining the data to identify broad themes and patterns
oDiscourse analysis: Studying communication and meaning in relation to their social context
 Mixed methods
 your analysis combines both research methods

7. Step 4: Evaluate and justify the methodological
choices you made
should clearly make the case for why you chose the methods you did.
This is necessary if you did not take the most standard approach to
your topic