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1. Interpretation and Report Writing
Swarnalata Joardar
14HMPG07
M. Pharm, 1st year
Department of Pharmacognosy
Himalayan Pharmacy Institute

2. Meaning of Interpretation
It is the task of drawing inferences from the
collected facts after any experimental study.

3. Aspects of Interpretation:
i. Establishing continuity in research through
linking the results
ii. Establishment of some explanatory concepts

4. Why Interpretation?
1. Through interpretation, a researcher can understand
the abstract principle working beneath his findings.
2. Establishes exploratory concepts that serves as a guide
for future research studies.
3. Findings of exploratory research study results into
hypotheses for experimental research.
4. A researcher can make others understand the real
significance of his research findings.

5. Techniques of Interpretation
1. Researcher must interpret the lines of relationship
between the research work carried out and the results
obtained.
2. Extraneous information should be considered while
interpreting. They may act as a key factor.
3. Before coming to the final interpretation, consultation
should be done with experienced persons.
4. A researcher should not jump to any conclusion.

6. Report Writing
-- It is the final stage in the process of research.
-- Researcher makes complete account of the research
activity.
-- Problem of research methodology is described.
-- Conclusions drawn from the research is described.

7. Report Drafting
1.Statement of the problem and analysis
2.Outline of research work
3.Rough draft of the research work
4.Redrafting
5.Bibliography
6.Final draft of the work

8. Types of Reports
A.Short report
B.Long report
a. Technical report
b. Scientific report

9. Contents of Scientific Report
1. Preliminary text
a. Title of the Research Work
b. Preface
c. Table of Contents
2. Main Text of the Research Report
a. Abstract
b. Introduction
c. Materials and Methods
d. Result
e. Discussion
f. Conclusion
3. Reference

10. Points to be remembered during report writing
1. Write a straight forward message
2. Write the precision
3. Numbering should be precise
4. Objective work should be clear to the reader
5. Expression without clear limits should be restricted
6. Words of personal judgment should be avoided
7. Better to avoid words that are only fillers
8. Casual, colorful words and phrases should not be used

11. Flowchart of the topics as they should be written
Materials and Methods
Result
Discussion
Conclusion
Introduction
Title
Abstract
R
E
F
E
R
E
N
C
E

12. Materials and Methods
Details of methods used
Details about the materials used
Details about the extraction procedure
Specification of animal model
Specification about the animals
Details of the designing
Specification of the drug and plant extract
Method to get the result

13. Result
According to the experiment design, animals are
grouped
Generally it consists of –
a control group
a negative control group
a standard treated group
multiple test drug treated group

14. Discussion
Recap the recipe
List other research reports
Compare the result to the results obtained by other
researchers

15. Conclusion
 One paragraph statement of the point of the
paper
 Any paper should be concluded with a firm
conclusion

16. Introduction
1. Statement of the problem
2. Need and importance of the study
3. Scope of the study
4. Background of the study
a. Currently accepted general statement
b. Available supporting data
5. Sources of data collected and the methods used for analyzing
the data
6. Limitations of the study

17. Title
It should be short and meaningful
Any mysterious words should not be used
Void meaning sentences should be avoided
It is often used to index the article

18. Abstract
It should be very simple
Any abstract presents the essence of the method, result
and conclusion
Technical abbreviations, incomplete sentences should not
be used
No reference or citation should be given
Some key words should be introduced at the end

19. Reference
It is one of the important factor in the research work
Materials collected for the purpose of study, which are
drawn from various sources, their reference should be cited
List of published as well as unpublished sources are
given
There is no hard & fast rule

20. In case of references made from books
1.Name of the author of the book
2.Title of the book
3.Publisher of the book
4.Place and year of publication
5.Volume of the book

21. For Journals, Newspaper or
Magazines
1.Name of the author
2.Title of the article
3.Name of the periodical
4.Name of the publisher
5.Year-Month-Date of publication
6.Place of publication
7.Page number

22. Problems in Writing a Report
The problems of communication
The problem of objectivity
The problem of expression of bitter truths and
unpleasant facts

23. Conclusion
A research report should be able to generate sufficient
interest of the readers
As far as possible technical terminologies should be
avoided
Uses of charts, graphs, tables make the explanation easy
to understand
Efforts should be made to avoid grammatical mistakes
Logical analysis should be included in the report
The report should be attractive in its appearance

24. References
Kothari CR (2010). Interpretation and Report Writing.
Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques. New Age
International (P) Ltd. Publishers, Mumbai, 2nd Edition, 14th
Chapter, 344-360.
Upagade V and Shende A (2010). Research Report and
Presentation. Research Methodology. S. Chand & Company
Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi, 1st Edition, 10th Chapter, 214-
263.