The document provides information on researching ethics issues in Singapore. It discusses what research ethics involves, gives examples of ethics issues, and outlines sources for finding information on ethics in Singapore such as books, newspapers databases, and journal databases. It also provides guidance on constructing effective search statements for research topics and finding relevant newspaper and journal articles. Potential ethics topics discussed include stem cell research and therapeutic cloning.

1. EG1413 Critical Thinking and Writing Project: Research Ethics (RE) - How to search for information Karen Yap Engineering/Computer Science Resource Team, NUS Central Library September 2010

2. What is Research Ethics (RE) Norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour During research: responsible conduct of research After research: use of any outcomes resulting from research

3. What is Research Ethics (RE) Examples of RE issues Medical Safety of human subjects Guidelines relating to radiation Scientific Comfort and safety of animals Suffering of unsuccessfully cloned animals Commercial Market research Confidentiality of data of potential customers

4. Your Research Project You need to: Research on a RE problem relevant to Singapore Background …what happened, when it happened, who are involved, etc. Find what has been done so far to solve it Come up with your own solutions Backed by research that shows your solutions are good Need to modify in Singapore context Why they are still workable

5. Outline Sources for finding info on RE in Singapore How to construct a search statement Find newspapers articles for selected topic Factiva LexisNexis Academic Find journal articles for selected topic Expanded Academic ASAP Business Source Premier Managing your list of references: EndNote Subject Guide Getting Help

6. Books Keyword search in LINC Newspapers Databases Factiva LexisNexis Academic Journals Databases Expanded Academic ASAP Business Source Premier Sources for Finding Info on RE in Singapore DEMO on LINC

7. Sources for RE in Singapore: (a) Books Check LINC under keywords: Research and ethics and Singapore 2) Change from Title to Keyword 1) Click the LINC tab

8. Sources for RE in Singapore: (a) Books 15 hits

9. Full-text Worldwide coverage Option to choose newspapers from specific regions or countries like Singapore Sources for RE in Singapore: Newspapers Database (i) Factiva (ii) LexisNexis

10. Outline Sources for finding info on RE in Singapore How to construct a search statement Find newspapers articles for selected topic Factiva LexisNexis Academic Find journal articles for selected topic Expanded Academic ASAP Business Source Premier Managing your list of references: EndNote Subject Guide Getting Help

11. How to Construct a Search Statement Identify concepts Identify alternative/related terms for concepts Group these terms under each concept Use of Boolean Operator OR to connect these terms Put brackets round each group of terms Use of Boolean Operator AND to connect these bracketed groups of terms Use of Use of Need to know how to do above before you use database sources * “ ”

12. How to Construct a Search Statement Your topic is on researcher Simon Shorvon altering patients’ medication without consent when in Singapore in 2002 You need to find to: Find more about the case Find similar cases

13. Search statements for some topics are easier to construct than others E.g. Find more about Simon Shorvan’s case in Singapore Search statement would simply be: "Simon Shorvon" and Singapore Search statement for finding similar cases is more complex How to Construct a Search Statement

14. Identify Concepts of Case Your topic is on researchers altering patients’ medication without consent Five concepts ethics researcher alter Medication Consent

15. Some Alternative/Related Terms for Concepts Chances are more alternative terms will be revealed as you do your search Ethics Researcher Alter Medication Consent Principle Doctor Change Medicine Knowledge Moral Research Drugs Agree Experiment Treatment Study

16. Boolean Operators OR represents a union of sets. The resulting set gets bigger. Set A: Fruits Durian OR Mango OR Lettuc e OR Tomato Durian Mango Set B: Vegetables Lettuce Tomato Set A OR Set B:

17. Boolean Operators AND represents an intersection of sets. The resulting set gets smaller. Tomato Fruits AND Vegetables (Durian Mango Lettuce Tomato ) Set A AND Set B

18. What does do? Truncation symbol * would retrieve articles with keywords that have a particular the root, e.g. treat. Thus, searching for treat * means you are searching for: treat s treat ed treat ing treat ment *

19. What does “ ” do? Use “ ” for terms to be searched as phrase “ ethics committee ”

20. Constructing a Complex Search Statement Group alternative/related terms for each concept, connect with OR Put brackets round the terms Concept of: Ethics : ( ethic* OR principle* OR moral* ) You need to find similar cases where researchers altered patients’ medication without consent Researcher : ( researcher* OR doctor* OR experiment* OR study OR studies )

21. Constructing a Complex Search Statement Medication : ( Medication OR medicine OR drug* OR treatment OR ) Consent : ( consent* OR acknowledge OR agree* ) Alter : ( alter* OR change* )

22. Connect concepts with AND (researcher* OR doctor* OR experiment* OR study OR studies) ( alter* OR change* ) ( consent* OR acknowledge OR agree * ) ( Medication OR medicine OR drug* OR treatment ) (ethic* OR principle* OR moral * ) AND AND AND AND

23. Practice on Constructing Complex Search Statements Topic: How to choose wife (Choose select) (wife spouse “ life partner ” ) OR AND Note: brackets around each group of words OR OR

24. Practice on Constructing Complex Search Statements Topic: How to do well in exam ( “ do well ” score excel) (exam examination * test tests) AND OR OR OR Note: brackets around each group of words OR OR

25. Outline Sources for finding info on RE in Singapore How to construct a search statement Find newspapers articles for selected topic Factiva LexisNexis Academic Find journal articles for selected topic Expanded Academic ASAP Business Source Premier Managing your list of references: EndNote Subject Guide Getting Help DEMO

26. NUS Libraries portal http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg Factiva

27. Otherwise, enter: Student Domain NUSNET userid NUSNET Password Click here if in campus

28. Click Important to note: .. academic research … not for commercial purposes

29. If this screen appears, type in student domain and backslash nusstu \ a_______

31. Click on Search tab Click on Search Builder tab

32. 1) Type in “Research ethics” and Singapore* 3) Change date to required dates. The end date could be a near-future date 2) Change to Enter date range 4) Click Run Search

33. 5) Change sorting to by Relevance 7) Scroll down for more categories like Industries, Keywords, Subjects 6) If Identify Duplicates in Off, change it to Similar so that it becomes On Avoid clicking here because it will close the Discovery Pane

34. Sections in Discovery Pane 8) Click on Ethical Issues to retrieve 13 very relevant articles on ethical issues Other headings in the Discover Pane include Sources . You can opt to narrow down to Straits Times . In this example, we are not narrowing it to Straits Times yet

35. 9) Scroll down 10) Note term integrity used. Look out for such words to broaden your search 11) Click Modify Search to get back to first screen

36. 11) Search terms changed to Research* and (ethic* or integrity ) and Singapore*

37. 414 hits obtained after revising search to: Research* and (ethic* or integrity ) and Singapore* Scroll down to see Keywords , etc Possible topics for your position paper: stem cell, therapeutic cloning Possible new keywords to broaden search if necessary: breaches

38. It matters at which stage you key in the revised search statement. 18, 654 not 414 hits would be obtained after revising search to: Research* and (ethic* or integrity) and Singapore* if you had not clicked at Ethical Issues at Discovery Pane first This screen was obtained by keying in Research* and (ethic* or integrity) and Singapore* at step (1), followed by steps (2) & (3) rather than after steps (1) to (11). Step (8) is where you clicked Ethical Issues at Discovery Pane 18, 654 hits

39. If you need more alternative terms, double click on selected term (in this case integrity ) in search statement, then on Concept Explorer [Beta] … adhere Impropriety Accountable Violate..

40. 414 hits from slide 37 are too many to browse Click on Straits Times under heading Sources 66 hits left Just scanning the headlines can yield information Find out more about Bioethics Advisory Committee and the 13 recommendations

41. More articles form the 66 hits that can yield information on what has been done so far to solve RE problems in Singapore Title: Move to plug loopholes in medical research Text: .. followed up with its recommendations … Title: 22 guidelines set for genetic research

42. -Scanning Full Text of Relevant Article for More Leads -How to download full text of article i) Change to Full Article ii) One of the leads: World Conference on Research Integrity. Check availability of proceedings of in Library or internet iv) Click Return to Headlines after viewing full text of article iii) For downloading full text, choose RTF , then Article format

43. One of the hits after Goggling on World Conference on Research Integrity : https://www.wcri2010.org/ -Check relevant links like one highlighted below Click on World Conference on Research Integrity (Lisbon 2007)

44. After clicking on World Conference on Research Integrity (Lisbon 2007) One of items further down this panel is : Invited Papers & Biographies

45. After clicking on Invited Papers & Biographies Current Policies and Policy Development

46. Some items shown after clicking on: Current Policies and Policy Development (PDF - 393 KB) Statistics: 20-30 cases per year…etc E.g. of foreign committee: Special Committee on Research Misconduct 2006 Other examples of RE: Conflict of Interest/non-disclosure E.g. of foreign code: UK ethics code for scientists

47. Another example of good article. It shows : NUS has this centre: Centre for Biomedical Ethics which teaches teaching bioethics At least two other such centers exist in: New Zealand's Otago Medical School and Britain's University of Bristol . In 2001, there was much debate on use of embryonic stem cells for research Etc. Biomedical ethics centre set up in NUS

48. Example of good article for Shrovan’s case. It shows three bodies in Singapore that hold inquiries on RE: Ministry of Health National Neuroscience Institute on the direction of the National Healthcare Group Singapore Medical Council 3 separate panels found serious breaches

49. How to Limit to Searching only Singapore Sources Type in Singapore Names of selected sources should appear here in pink Click All Publications to de-select it b. Select sources: Note Channel NewsAsia is one of them c. Click button

50. Note: After limiting to Singapore sources, only 19 (c.t. 79 hits) are retrieved for same search “Research ethics” and Singapore 19

51. To Limit to Singapore Newspapers or Not Do not Limit : If you are trying to find major cases of RE that get reported in foreign newspapers as well as local newspapers Use Singapore* as one of keywords in your search statements Limit When you have chosen a specific topic to research on Omit Singapore* in your search statements because context is already Singapore When there are too many hits when you did not limit to Singapore papers

52. Another Way of Narrowing Search 18, 656 hits: far too many

53. Scroll down a little, click More Options

54. Click here to change field from Full Article to Headline and Lead Paragraph Click Run Search

55. Only 196 out of 18, 656 left

56. Remember to click Logout when you have finished

57. Outline Sources for finding info on RE in Singapore How to construct a search statement Find newspapers articles for selected topic Factiva LexisNexis Academic Find journal articles for selected topic Expanded Academic ASAP Business Source Premier Managing your list of references: EndNote Subject Guide Getting Help

58. How to use LexisNexis Academic: http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg/lion/hlb/lexisnexis.pdf Comparing Newspapers Databases Factiva Lexisnexis Academic Advantages -Covers more titles including Channel NewsAsia -Unlimited no. of concurrent users Disadvantages -Limited no. (10) of concurrent users -More difficult to access Singapore newspapers

59. Outline Sources for finding info on RE in Singapore How to construct a search statement Find newspapers articles for selected topic Factiva LexisNexis Academic Find journal articles for selected topic Expanded Academic ASAP (aka EAI) Business Source Premier Managing your list of references: EndNote Subject Guide Getting Help

60. NUS Libraries portal http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg Expanded Academic ASAP

61. EAI Leave Select the products you want to search as default Click Continue The default databases are: Expanded Academic ASAP LegalTrac which are both relevant

62. EAI (1980-) 19,093,324 articles Arts, humanities to social sciences, science and technology Scholarly journals, news magazines, and newspapers LegalTrac (1980-) 1,610,638 articles Includes major law reviews, legal newspapers, bar association journals and international legal journals. Also has law-related articles from business and general interest titles EAI & LegalTrac

63. EAI & LegalTrac Default is Keyword search Key in search terms Research and ethics and Singapore here ( “Research ethics” and Singapore yields no hits)

64. EAI & LegalTrac 1) Click on good title Minors and biomedical research in Singapore under the Magazines tab Click to look through 22 items, but they are not very good hits 3 hit under Magazines, 22 under Academic Journals, 2 under News

65. EAI & LegalTrac 2) Click on relevant links like Human Medical Experimentation -Ethical Aspects (527) -Research Ethics (999) Related Subjects

66. EAI & LegalTrac: 3) Click on Academic Journals tab Topic: Ethical aspects of human medical experimentation

67. EAI & LegalTrac: Those with Icons for Full Text : 4) Click to sort by Relevance 5) Click on icon to get full text

68. EAI & LegalTrac: Full Text of Article with Full Text Icon

69. EAI & LegalTrac: How to get Full-Text When There is No Icon for Full-Text a) Copy title of journal Journal of Medical Ethics b) Note details: 35.7 (July 2009): p. 450(6) 35 means vol 35 .7 means issue 7 (Jul 2009) means Oct 2009 issue of journal p. 450 means page 450 (6) means the article is 6 pages long

70. EAI & LegalTrac: How to get Full-Text When There is No Icon for Full-Text e) Change to Journals Collection c) Click LINC tab d) Paste title Journal of Medical Ethics here

71. EAI & LegalTrac: How to get Full-Text When There is No Icon for Full-Text f) We have hard copies from vol. 8, 1982 to vol. 35, 2009

72. EAI & LegalTrac: How to get Full-Text When There is No Icon for Full-Text g) Key in 2009 here h) Click here

73. EAI & LegalTrac: How to get Full-Text When There is No Icon for Full-Text i) Pg 450 is in this bound volume j) CL Bound Journals is in 5 th floor Central Library

74. More on Search Statement If your search statement retrieves no records E.g. you need articles on the ethics of using human lungs , but you cannot find hits Use progressively broader concept/term : “ medical ethic *” “ biomedical ethic* ” “ bioethic* ” instead of specifically “ human lungs* ” Look through references listed at the end of such articles

75. Outline Sources for finding info on RE in Singapore How to construct a search statement Find newspapers articles for selected topic Factiva LexisNexis Academic Find journal articles for selected topic Expanded Academic ASAP (aka EAI) Business Source Premier Managing your list of references: EndNote Subject Guide Getting Help

76. Business Source Premier Business-related topics Covers over 2,300 titles, including non-scholarly ones Especially useful if you researching on commercial ethics

77. EG1413 Hands-On Sessions Date Time Venue 22 Sep (Wed) 10.00am - 11.30am Training Room, 6 th floor Central Library 23 Sep (Thur) 10.00am – 11.30pm 3.00pm – 4.30pm

78. EG1413 Hands-On Sessions 25 per class Requires online registration Register for only one class 22 Sep 2010, Wed, 10am-11.30am https://aces01.nus.edu.sg:443/CoE/UserRegistration?actionParam=USERREG&eventID=27769 23 Sep 2010, Thur, 10am-1130am https://aces01.nus.edu.sg:443/CoE/UserRegistration?actionParam=USERREG&eventID=27771 23 Sep 2010, Thur, 3–4.30pm https://aces01.nus.edu.sg:443/CoE/UserRegistration?actionParam=USERREG&eventID=27770

79. Outline Sources for finding info on RE in Singapore How to construct a search statement Find newspapers articles for selected topic Factiva LexisNexis Academic Find journal articles for selected topic Expanded Academic ASAP (aka EAI) Business Source Premier Managing your list of references: EndNote Subject Guide Getting Help

80. Example of list of Reference A numbered list Title of journal/law report in italics Etc.

81. You need to use APA style APA means American Psychological Association Commonly used in the social sciences Publication manual of the American Psychological xviii, 272 p.: 18+272 = 290 pages!

82. EndNote Lets you choose from many citation styles Easy to change from one style to another Easy to insert or delete citation: no need to amend list: done automatically for you Can detect duplicates from different sources like EAI, BSP Etc.

83. EndNote EndNote Lectures Registration required Please email [email_address] to register. Title of email: EndNote Lecture for Engineering Students Date Time Venue 13 Sep (Mon) 10am - 11.30am LT15, SoC 15 Sep (Wed) 10.30am - 12pm LT7A, FoE

84. Outline Sources for finding info on RE in Singapore How to construct a search statement Find newspapers articles for selected topic Factiva LexisNexis Academic Find journal articles for selected topic Expanded Academic ASAP (aka EAI) Business Source Premier Managing your list of references: EndNote Subject Guide Getting Help

85. There is a lot of information in Subject Guides Click on Subject Guides to see more databases relevant to a particular subject DEMO

86. Subject Guides Click Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering

87. Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Subject Guide How to use EndNote /Databases like Scopus and Engineering Village 2

88. Outline Sources for finding info on RE in Singapore How to construct a search statement Find newspapers articles for selected topic Factiva LexisNexis Academic Find journal articles for selected topic Expanded Academic ASAP (aka EAI) Business Source Premier Managing your list of references: EndNote Subject Guide Getting Help

89. DEMO

90. 6. How to search databases 9. How to use EndNote/EndNote Web/WizFolio

91. Useful Material tab: E.g. Importing References-EN After Clicking on 9. How to use EndNote/EndNote Web/WizFolio

92. After Clicking on Importing References-EN Databases Listing Factiva and EAI are in this list

93. Instructions for Factiva

94. Instructions for EAI

95. If you have any questions, please: Email us at [email_address] Call us at 6516 2028 Come and see us at the Information Desk, 5 th floor, Central Library

96. To Remember Databases that Cover Newspapers Journals/Magazines Factiva Lexisnexis Search WORLD-WIDE newpapers if you are looking for major cases or RE Include Singapore* as keyword Limit to Singapore newspapers once you have identified a specific research topic Omit Singapore* in your search statements Exanded Academic Index Business Source Premier Software that Manages List of References: EndNote

97. Constructing Search Statements Topic: How to plan a wedding (plan organi s e organi z e) (wedding “ big day ” ) “ ” words next to each other OR AND OR OR

98. Thank you! Feedback Forms