The document covers various aspects of information retrieval, including search engines, effective search techniques, and resources for finding research materials and health information. It highlights platforms like Google Scholar and Research4Life, while also discussing the importance of using correct search strings and Boolean operators. Additionally, it introduces ethical considerations related to computer and information technology and examines the implications of computing practices on society.

1. CHAPTER SEVEN
Information Retrieval
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2. Examples of what you can find:
 Information on specific health topics
 Learning materials
 Updates and news
 Free full-text books
 Research tools
 An up to date resurces on E-Resource
and much more…
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3. Search Engine
 A program that searches documents
/information for specified keywords and
returns a list of documents where the
keywords were found.
Examples
Google www.google.com
Google Scholar (more academic)
 www.scholar.google.com
yahoo www.yahoo.com
Gmail www.gmail.com
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4. Good searches require attention to:-
 Spelling
 Truncation (using * and ? For some characters)
 Boolean operators (AND/OR)
 Search string
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5. The Google search engine
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 This is the Google search engine.
 Type your query into the Google Search box and
click on the Google Search button.
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6. Search string and Boolean operators
communit* AND child* AND (survival OR
mortality)
Is NOT the same as
(communit* AND child* AND survival) OR
mortality
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7. Other search engine functions
 Phrase or proximity searching: “…” or (…)
allows you to search for an exact phrase
E.g. “information literacy”
E.g. prevention and (malaria parasite)
 Truncation/wildcards: *
allows you to search alternative spellings
E.g. child* for child OR childs OR children
E.g. parasite* for parasite OR parasites
 Alternate spellings: ?
can be used to substitute for characters anywhere in a
word
E.g. wom?n would search for “woman” and “women”
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8. Finding books & e-books
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9. Medicalstudent.com has some excellent
research-related books
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10. Amazon is the world’s largest online bookstore
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11. Research4Life
 Research4Life is a public-private partnership of the WHO,
FAO, UNEP, Cornell and Yale Universities and the
International Association of Scientific, Technical & Medical
Publishers.
 Research4Life is the collective name for three programs –
HINARI, AGORA and OARE.
 It provides developing countries with free or low cost access
to academic and professional peer-reviewed content online.
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12. Research 4Life
http://www.reserach4life.org/
Access User name : ETH142
Password: 649J37
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13. Assignment
• Search the following research articles and download
 Routine Health Information System Utilization and Its Associated Factors
among Healthcare Professionals in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia
https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5507122
 Sustainability of One WASH Facilities in the Rural Settings of North Shoa
Zone, Amhara Region, North East Ethiopia, 2020
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1711389
 Utilization of Personal Protective Equipment and Associated Factors among
Large-Scale Factory Workers in Debre-Berhan Town, Amhara Region, Ethiopia,
2021 https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8439076
 Non-Fatal Occupational Injury Prevalence and Associated Factors in an
Integrated Large-Scale Textile Industry in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063688
 Spatial distribution of health-risky road traffic noise pollution in Dessie City,
North East Ethiopia https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270589
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14. Health Information Resources
Health Databases
– PubMed
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
– Source Bibliographic Database: International
Health and Disability
http://www.asksource.info/index.html
– Global Index Medicus
http://www.who.int/ghl/medicus/en/
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15. Other Sources of Health Information
Health Organizations Resources
– Governmental agencies
• U.S. National Institutes of Health
http://www.nih.gov/
• U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/
– Inter-governmental agencies
• WHO http://www.who.int/en/
• WHO: Western Pacific Region http://www.wpro.who.int/
– Non-governmental agencies
• Popline http://db.jhuccp.org/ics-wpd/popweb/
• SatelLife http://www.satellife.org/
• Family Health International http://www.fhi.org/en/index.htm 15
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16. Searching within the NLM website
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This is the National Library of Medicine
(NLM) database. It includes many resources
besides PubMed. You can Search the site from
the Search Box.
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17. e-journals sources
• http://www.pubmedcentral.com/
• http://www.biomedcentral.com
• http://www.freemedicaljournals.com/
• http://bmj.com/
• http://www.doaj.org/
• http://dmoz.org/Health/Medicine/Journals/
• http://www.inasp.org.uk/ajol/index.html
further resources:
• http://www.healthnet.org/essential-links/fulltext-e-journals.html
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18. E-book sources
• http://www.FreeBooks4Doctors.com/fb/special.htm
• http://www.hesperian.org/publications_download.php
• http://www.medicalstudent.com/#MedicalTextbooks
Further resources
• http://www.healthnet.org/essential-links/fulltext-e-books.html
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19. CHAPTER EIGHT
COMPUTER AND INFORMATION ETHICS
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20. Computer and Information Ethics
 refers to the study of ethical principles and moral values
that pertain to the use of computers, information
technology, and the digital domain.
 It involves examining the ethical dilemmas and
considerations that arise in the creation, dissemination,
and utilization of computer-based systems, software, data,
and information.
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21.  The field of Computer and Information Ethics explores
the ethical implications of various aspects of computing,
including
 privacy,
 data protection,
 cybersecurity,
 intellectual property,
 computer crime,
 social media, and the impact of technology on
society.
 It seeks to address questions about what is morally
right or wrong in relation to the use, development, and
management of computer systems and information.
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