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Research Methodology Citations
- 2. In text citation A citation is a reference to the source of information used in your research. . An in-text citation is a brief notation within the text of your paper or presentation which refers the reader to a fuller notation, or end-of-paper citation, that provides all necessary details about that source of information.
- 3. Types of test in citation In MLA method In APA style
- 4. What are in-text citations in MLA? In MLA, in-text citations are inserted in the body of your research paper to briefly document the source of your information. 1. Direct quotes 2. Paraphrasing
- 5. Paraphrasing When you write information or ideas from a source in your own words, cite the source by adding an in-text citation at the end of the paraphrased portion. Paraphrasing from One Page Include a full in-text citation with the author name and page number (if there is one). For example: Mother-infant attachment became a leading topic of developmental research following the publication of John Bowlby's studies (Hunt 65).
- 6. How do you cite a citation in APA? APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). Example paragraph with in-text citation A few researchers in the linguistics field have developed training programs designed to improve native speakers' ability to understand accented speech (Derwing et al., 2002; Thomas, 2004). References Derwing, T. M., Rossiter, M. J., & Munro, M. J. (2002). Teaching native speakers to listen to foreign-accented speech. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 23(4), 245-259.
- 7. Reference Elements Author Definition of author Format of author Spelling and Capitalization of Author Names Identification of Specialized Roles People No Author Group Authors
- 8. Date DEFINITIONS OF DATE FORMAT OF THE DATE ELEMENT
- 9. Author the identification of specialized author roles, such as editor or director how to handIe group authors and works without an author
- 10. Definition of author In a reference, the author refers broadly to the person(s) or group responsible for a work An author may be • an individual, • multiple people, • a group (institution, goveniment agency, organization; see Section 9.11), or • a combination of people and groups.
- 11. Format of the Author providing the surname first, Use a comma to separate an author's initials from additional author names, even when there are only two authors; use an ampersand (&) before the final author's name: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. Do not use a comma to separate two group authors: American Psychological Association & National Institutes of Health. Use a serial comma before the ampersand (&) with three or more authors
- 12. Spelling and Capitalization of Author Names Write the author's surname exactly as it appears in the published work, including hyphenated surnames (e.g., Santos-García) and two-part surnames (e.g., Velasco Rodríguez; Retain the author's preferred capitalization (e.g., hooks, b., for bell hooks) in both the reference list and the in-text citation.
- 13. Identification of Specialized Roles People in roles other than author who contributed substantially to the creation of a work are recognized for a variety of reference types. In these references, the role is placed in parentheses after the inverted surname and initials. Use the abbreviation "(Ed.)" for one editor and the abbreviation "(Eds.)" for multiple editors. In the case of multiple editors, include the role once. Schulz, O. P. (Ed.). Wong, C. T., & Music, K. (Eds.).
- 14. No Author A work is treated as having no author when its author is unknown or cannot reasonably be determined. ln this case, move the title ofthe work to the author position (followed by a period), before the date of publication
- 15. Group Authors Group authors may include government agencies, associations, nonprofit organizations, businesses, hospitals, task forces, and study groups Spell out the full name of a group author in the reference list entry When numerous layers of government agencies are listed as the author of a work, use the most specific agency as the author in the reference (e.g., use "National Institute of Nursing Research" rather than "U.S. Department?
- 16. Date The following sections describe the definition and format of the date element (Sections 9.13-9.14) and how to handle online works that are updated or reviewe
- 17. Definition of Date In a reference, the date refers to the date of publication. The date may take one of the following forms: year only; year, month, and day (i.e., an exact date); year and month; year and season; or range of dates (e.g., range ofyears, range of exact dates).
- 18. Format of the Date Element Enclose the date of publication in parentheses, followed by a period: (2020). For unpublished, informally published, or in-progress works, provide the year the work was produced (se e Section 10.8). Do not use "in progress" or "submitted for publication" in the date element of a reference. If a work has been accepted for publication but is not yet published, use the term "in press" instead of ayear (see Chapter 10, Example 8). Do not provide a date in the reference until the work has been published.
- 19. If a work is an advance online publication, use the year of the advance online publication in the reference (see Chapter 10, Example 7). If a work includes both an advance online publication date and a final publication date, use the final publication date in the reference. When the date of original publication is approximate, use the abbreviation "ca." (which stands for "circa"; see Chapter 10, Example 36).