1. Requirements validation ensures the requirements document accurately describes the system by checking for completeness, consistency, conformance to standards, and resolving any conflicts or ambiguities. 2. The validation process involves reviewing the final requirements document, then producing a list of any problems found and agreed actions to address them. 3. Reviews are carried out by a group analyzing the requirements in detail, and pre-review checking can reduce costs by identifying basic issues beforehand.

1. 1
Requirements Validation – I
Lectures # 16

2. 2
Today’s Topics
• Requirements validation
• Validation techniques

3. 3
Requirements Engineering Process
Requirements
Elicitation
Requirements
Analysis and
Negotiation
Requirements
Specification
Requirements
Validation
User Needs,
Domain Information,
Existing System
Information, Regulations,
Standards, Etc.
Requirements
Document
Agreed
Requirements

4. 4
Validation Objectives
• Certifies that the requirements document is
an acceptable description of the system to
be implemented
• Checks a requirements document for
– Completeness and consistency
– Conformance to standards
– Requirements conflicts
– Technical errors
– Ambiguous requirements

5. 5
Analysis and Validation
• Analysis works with raw requirements as
elicited from the system stakeholders
– “Have we got the right requirements” is the
key question to be answered at this stage
• Validation works with a final draft of the
requirements document i.e., with
negotiated and agreed requirements
– “Have we got the requirements right” is the
key question to be answered at this stage

6. 6
Validation Inputs and Outputs
Requirements
Validation
Requirements
document
Organizational
knowledge
Organizational
standards
List of problems
Agreed actions

7. 7
Requirements Document
• Should be a complete version of the
document, not an unfinished draft.
Formatted and organized according to
organizational standards

8. 8
Organizational Knowledge
• Knowledge, often implicit, of the
organization which may be used to
judge the realism of the requirements

9. 9
Organizational Standards
• Local standards e.g. for the
organization of the requirements
document

10. 10
List of Problems
• List of discovered problems in the
requirements document

11. 11
Agreed Actions
• List of agreed actions in response to
requirements problems. Some
problems may have several corrective
actions; some problems may have no
associated actions

12. 12
Requirements Reviews
• A group of people read and analyze the
requirements, look for problems, meet
and discuss the problems and agree on
actions to address these problems

13. 13
Requirements Review Process
Plan review Distribute
documents
Prepare for
review
Hold review
meeting
Follow-up
actions
Revise
documents

14. 14
Review Activities - 1
• Plan review
– The review team is selected and a time and
place for the review meeting is chosen
• Distribute documents
– The requirements document is distributed to
the review team members

15. 15
Review Activities - 2
• Prepare for review
– Individual reviewers read the requirements to
find conflicts, omissions, inconsistencies,
deviations from standards and other problems
• Hold review meeting
– Individual comments and problems are
discussed and a set of actions to address the
problems is agreed

16. 16
Review Activities - 3
• Follow-up actions
– The chair of the review checks that the
agreed actions have been carried out
• Revise document
– The requirements document is revised
to reflect the agreed actions. At this
stage, it may be accepted or it may be
re-reviewed

17. 17
Problem Actions
• Requirements clarification
• Missing information
• Requirements conflict
• Unrealistic requirement

18. 18
Requirements Clarification
• The requirement may be badly expressed or
may have accidentally omitted information
which has been collected during
requirements elicitation

19. 19
Missing Information
• Some information is missing from the
requirements document. It is the
responsibility of the requirements
engineers who are revising the
document to discover this information
from system stakeholders

20. 20
Requirements Conflict
• There is a significant conflict between
requirements. The stakeholders involved
must negotiate to resolve the conflict

21. 21
Unrealistic Requirement
• The requirement does not appear to be
implement-able with the technology
available or given other constraints on
the system. Stakeholders must be
consulted to decide how to make the
requirement more realistic

22. 22
Pre-review Checking - 1
• Reviews are expensive because they
involve a number of people spending time
reading and checking the requirements
document

23. 23
Pre-review Checking - 2
• This expense can be reduced by using pre-
review checking where one person checks
the document and looks for straightforward
problems such as missing requirements,
lack of conformance to standards,
typographical errors, etc.
• Document may be returned for correction or
the list of problems distributed to other
reviewers

24. 24
Pre-review Checking Stages
Check
document
structure
Check
document
completeness
Check document
against
standards
Run
automatic
checkers
Requirements
document
Problems
report

25. 25
Review Team Membership
• Reviews should involve a number of
stakeholders drawn from different
backgrounds
– People from different backgrounds bring
different skills and knowledge to the review
– Stakeholders feel involved in the RE process
and develop an understanding of the needs of
other stakeholders
• Review team should always involve at least
a domain expert and an end-user

26. 26
Summary - 1
• Requirements validation should focus on
checking the final draft of the requirements
document for conflicts, omissions and
deviations from standards
• Inputs to the validation process are the
requirements document, organizational
standards and implicit organizational
knowledge. The outputs are a list of
requirements problems and agreed actions
to address these problems

27. 27
Summary - 2
• Reviews involve a group of people making
a detailed analysis of the requirements
• Review costs can be reduced by checking
the requirements before the review for
deviations from organizational standards.
These may result from more serious
requirements problems

28. 28
References
• ‘Requirements Engineering: Processes
and Techniques’ by G. Kotonya and I.
Sommerville, John Wiley & Sons,
1998