This document discusses reproductive health and birth control. It begins by defining reproductive health and listing some common problems like limited sexual education, early marriages, and illiteracy. It then outlines strategies to improve reproductive health such as family planning programs, sexual education, and ensuring women's safety. The document proceeds to discuss various birth control methods, categorizing them as natural, barrier, intrauterine devices, chemical, injections/implants, and surgical. It provides details on specific birth control options within each category.

1. REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH AWARENESS
CL ASS XII
CHAPTER - 4
P R E S E N TAT I O N B Y
A N I TA M I S H R A
B I R L A B A L I K A V I D YA P E E T H , P I L A N I
R A J A S T H A N

2. WHAT IS REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
A total Well being of all the aspects of Reproduction-
Physical, Social, Behavioral, emotional is called Reproductive
Health.
PROBLEMS
• Limited knowledge on Personal hygiene and hygiene of
reproductive organs, leading to Sexually transmitted
diseases and Pelvic infection diseases.
• Early marriages leading to high infant mortality and
maternal mortality rate.
• Illiteracy leading to population explosion hence economic
crisis and lack of medical facilities.
• People have several myths and misconception regarding

3. STRATEGIES ADOPTED TO ENSURE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
• Family Planning and Reproductive and Child Health
Programs.
• Creating awareness through Print and Audio Visual media.
• Encouraging Sex education to dispel myths and
misconception regarding the reproductive and sex related
issues.
• Proper information related to reproductive organs,
adolescence related changes, Health and hygiene of
reproductive organs, safe sexual practices, different STD’s
etc.
• Educating the masses about different methods of Birth
control, Maternal and infant care, post natal care,

4. STRATEGIES ADOPTED TO ENSURE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
• Awareness regarding Sex abuse, Sex related Crimes.
• Awareness regarding the Laws enforced to ensure
women safety and security.
• Awareness regarding ban on sex determination
tests during pregnancy.
• Awareness about STD’s the methods of prevention
of STD’s.

5. BIRTH CONTROL
FEATURES OF AN IDEAL CONTRACEPTIVE
• User Friendly
• Easily Available
• Effective & reversible
• Least side effects
• Non interfering with sexual desires.

6. BIRTH CONTROL
Natural Contraceptive Measures
• Periodic Abstinence- A woman should avoid having
unprotected intercourse on days 10-17th of her
Menstrual cycle.
• Lactational Amenorrhea- Prolonged lactation as it
leads to cessation of Ovulation hence no pregnancy

7. BIRTH CONTROL
Barrier Method of Contraception
Prevention of meeting of Sperms & Ova by use of Barriers
• Condoms- rubber and latex sheath to cover Penis in
males or Vagina in Females.
• Diaphragm, Cervical Caps & Vaults- Rubber
barriers inserted in Female vagina.
• Spermicidal Jellies, Foams & Creams

8. BIRTH CONTROL
Intra Uterine Devices(IUD’s)
Devices inserted by Medical professionals in Female reproductive tract
for contraception.
• Non medicated IUD’s- It increases sperm
phagocytosis in female reproductive tract. For eg
Loop.
• Copper releasing IUD’s- It increases sperm
phagocytosis & Cu ions reduce sperm motility. For eg.
Cu T
• Hormone releasing IUD’s- they make uterus
unsuitable for fertilization, cervix hostile for sperm

9. BIRTH CONTROL

10. BIRTH CONTROL
Chemical Method
Oral Contraceptives-
• Hormonal preparations of progestogens or Progestogen-
estrogen combination.
• They inhibit ovulation & implantation & alters cervical
mucus.
• Pills have high contraceptive value with low side effects
• For eg. - Saheli prepared at Central Drug Research Institute
at Lucknow, India.

11. BIRTH CONTROL
Injection & implants
• Hormonal preparations of progestogens or Progestogen-
estrogen combination is used to prepare injections for
females and implants under the skin.
• Their mechanism of action is similar to that of pills but they
are effective for long durations.

12. BIRTH CONTROL
Surgical Method
It is a terminal & permanent method of contraception.
Vasectomy- In males small part of Vas deferens is blocked by
incision or tying is called vasectomy.

13. BIRTH CONTROL
Surgical Method
It is a terminal & permanent method of contraception.
Tubectomy- In females small part of Fallopian tube is
blocked by incision or tying is called tubectomy.

14. THANK
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