Reproduction in organism Question paper
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Gregor Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics. Potato and Bryophyllum plants can reproduce vegetatively through methods like stem cutting and leaf cutting. Mendel's experiments on pea plants showed that traits are inherited in a dominant or recessive manner through his study of traits like seed shape, seed color, plant height and flower position in pea plants.
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Genetics
The document defines key genetics vocabulary terms like genes, alleles, dominant, recessive, genotype, phenotype. It summarizes Mendel's experiments crossing pea plants with different traits like height. His results showed traits are inherited as discrete units (genes) and that some genes are dominant over others. The document provides examples of applying genetics concepts like Punnett squares to determine offspring probabilities from crosses.
Ch 5.1 Mendel's Experiments with Peas
Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to study inheritance of traits from parents to offspring. He found that when true-breeding plants with different traits like purple or white flowers were cross-pollinated, the offspring all exhibited one trait or the other, not a blend. Subsequent generations from these hybrid crosses produced offspring in a 3:1 ratio of the dominant to recessive trait. Mendel concluded that inherited traits are determined by discrete factors, now known as genes, which are passed from parents to offspring.
Heredity: Mendel's experiments
Gregor Mendel conducted experiments crossing true-breeding pea plants that differed in traits like height. In the F1 generation, all offspring exhibited the dominant trait of tall plants. In the F2 generation, approximately 3/4 of offspring were tall (dominant) while 1/4 were short (recessive). Mendel realized each trait was determined by inherited factors, now called genes, that are transmitted from parents to offspring.
Gregor Mendel's Experiment and Monohybrid Cross
Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants between 1856-1863. He found that when he crossed a tall pea plant with a short pea plant, all the offspring were tall. When he allowed these offspring to self-fertilize, their offspring showed a 3:1 ratio of tall to short plants. Mendel's experiments demonstrated that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units (now known as genes) that can be dominant or recessive. His work established the foundations of classical genetics.
genetics
This document discusses genetics and Mendelian inheritance. It provides background on genetics concepts like DNA, genes, chromosomes, and heredity. It then summarizes Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants, which demonstrated that traits are inherited as distinct units (genes) that segregate and assort independently during reproduction. Mendel showed that the inheritance of traits follows predictable statistical patterns, laying the foundation for the field of genetics.
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This document provides a history of the development of genetics as a science, describing important figures such as Mendel, Darwin, Sutton, Watson, and Crick and their contributions. It also outlines major branches of genetics like cytogenetics, molecular genetics, classical genetics, and population genetics. Methods of genetic study discussed include pedigree analysis, karyotyping, planned experimental breeding, and twin studies. The document concludes by covering some applications of genetics in fields like agriculture, medicine, forensics, industry, and genetic engineering.
Genetics and inheritance
This document summarizes key concepts in genetics and inheritance, including Mendel's experiments with pea plants, his laws of segregation and independent assortment, genetic crosses, and degrees of dominance. It discusses how Mendel used pea plants to discover the basic principles of heredity, including that alleles segregate independently and each organism inherits one allele for each trait from each parent. The summary also outlines the concepts of complete, incomplete, and codominance.
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Genetics
The document defines key genetics vocabulary terms like genes, alleles, dominant, recessive, genotype, phenotype. It summarizes Mendel's experiments crossing pea plants with different traits like height. His results showed traits are inherited as discrete units (genes) and that some genes are dominant over others. The document provides examples of applying genetics concepts like Punnett squares to determine offspring probabilities from crosses.
Ch 5.1 Mendel's Experiments with Peas
Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to study inheritance of traits from parents to offspring. He found that when true-breeding plants with different traits like purple or white flowers were cross-pollinated, the offspring all exhibited one trait or the other, not a blend. Subsequent generations from these hybrid crosses produced offspring in a 3:1 ratio of the dominant to recessive trait. Mendel concluded that inherited traits are determined by discrete factors, now known as genes, which are passed from parents to offspring.
Heredity: Mendel's experiments
Gregor Mendel conducted experiments crossing true-breeding pea plants that differed in traits like height. In the F1 generation, all offspring exhibited the dominant trait of tall plants. In the F2 generation, approximately 3/4 of offspring were tall (dominant) while 1/4 were short (recessive). Mendel realized each trait was determined by inherited factors, now called genes, that are transmitted from parents to offspring.
Gregor Mendel's Experiment and Monohybrid Cross
Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants between 1856-1863. He found that when he crossed a tall pea plant with a short pea plant, all the offspring were tall. When he allowed these offspring to self-fertilize, their offspring showed a 3:1 ratio of tall to short plants. Mendel's experiments demonstrated that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units (now known as genes) that can be dominant or recessive. His work established the foundations of classical genetics.
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This document discusses genetics and Mendelian inheritance. It provides background on genetics concepts like DNA, genes, chromosomes, and heredity. It then summarizes Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants, which demonstrated that traits are inherited as distinct units (genes) that segregate and assort independently during reproduction. Mendel showed that the inheritance of traits follows predictable statistical patterns, laying the foundation for the field of genetics.
Population genetics-hardy weinberg equilibrium and non random matting
HWE- introduction, properties, criteria,problems and signification.
introduction, types and significant of non random matting.
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This document provides a history of the development of genetics as a science, describing important figures such as Mendel, Darwin, Sutton, Watson, and Crick and their contributions. It also outlines major branches of genetics like cytogenetics, molecular genetics, classical genetics, and population genetics. Methods of genetic study discussed include pedigree analysis, karyotyping, planned experimental breeding, and twin studies. The document concludes by covering some applications of genetics in fields like agriculture, medicine, forensics, industry, and genetic engineering.
Genetics and inheritance
This document summarizes key concepts in genetics and inheritance, including Mendel's experiments with pea plants, his laws of segregation and independent assortment, genetic crosses, and degrees of dominance. It discusses how Mendel used pea plants to discover the basic principles of heredity, including that alleles segregate independently and each organism inherits one allele for each trait from each parent. The summary also outlines the concepts of complete, incomplete, and codominance.
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This document provides an overview of genetics and Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants. It summarizes Mendel's work, including that he conducted monohybrid crosses using pea plants with distinct traits like seed shape, color, and size. Through his careful experiments and quantitative analysis, Mendel discovered the laws of inheritance and developed an understanding of dominant and recessive traits. His work laid the foundations for modern genetics although it was not widely recognized until many decades later.
Patterns of inheritance mendelian inheritance
1. Mendel conducted breeding experiments with pea plants over seven years to test his particulate hypothesis of inheritance. He found that traits are passed from parents to offspring as distinct factors, now called genes.
2. Mendel discovered that traits can be dominant or recessive, and that alleles segregate independently during gamete formation according to his laws of inheritance.
3. Mendel's work established the foundations of classical genetics and showed that heredity follows predictable statistical patterns. His principles help explain the inheritance of human traits and disorders like cystic fibrosis.
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This document summarizes key concepts in genetics, including:
1) Mendel conducted experiments breeding pea plants and discovered dominant and recessive traits, laying the foundations for modern genetics. His laws of segregation and independent assortment explained inheritance patterns.
2) Genes contain alleles that code for traits. Dominant alleles mask recessives. Genotype is an organism's genetic makeup, while phenotype is the observable trait.
3) Probabilities of inheritance can be determined using Punnett squares to combine parental alleles and predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes in monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. Test crosses identify unknown genotypes.
Genetics and inheritance
This document provides an overview of genetics and inheritance concepts taught in Campbell & Reece's chapters 14 and 15. It summarizes Mendel's experiments with pea plants which established the basic principles of heredity, including dominant and recessive traits, genotypes and phenotypes, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. It also covers sex determination, sex-linked inheritance, degrees of dominance, and polygenic inheritance. Mendel's work laid the foundation for genetics as a scientific field.
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It is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about the lesson or topic: Mendelian Inheritance. It also talks about the definition, history and the laws included in the Mendelian Inheritance or Mendelian Genetics.
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توضیح وراثت به طور کلی و گسترده در دهه 1800، و به طور مشخص فرضیه "مخلوط شدن" مورد پسند دانشمندان و زیست شناسان عصر خود بود. براساس این ایده، مواد ژنتیکی توسط والدین و درست همان طور که رنگ های آبی و زرد برای تبدیل شدن به رنگ سبز ترکیب میشوند، مخلوط میشدند. البته این فرضیه توضیح نمیداد که چگونه صفات پس از کنار رفتن یک نسل دوباره در نسل بعدی ظاهر میشوند. یک گزینه جایگزین برای مدل مخلوط شدن مواد ژنتیکی، فرضیه وراثت "ذرات معلق" است یا همان ایده ژن. در این مدل، والدین واحدهای موروثی به نام ژنها را که هویت جداگانه خود را در فرزندان حفظ می کنند، منتقل میکنند. گریگور مندل راهبی بود كه سازوكار ذرهای این نوع وارثت را با استفاده از گیاه نخود فرنگی به اثبات رساند.
The explanation of heredity most widely in favor during the 1800s was the “blending” hypothesis, the idea that genetic material contributed by the two parents, mixes just as blue and yellow paints blend to make green. The blending hypothesis failed to explain how traits can reappear after they’ve skipped a generation. An alternative to the blending model is a “particulate” hypothesis of inheritance: the gene idea. In this model, parents pass on discrete heritable units—genes— that retain their separate identities in offspring. Gregor Mendel was the monk who documented a particulate mechanism for this form of inheritance using pea plants.
Credit seminar aru
Mendelian inheritance and its implications in plant breeding. Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants between 1854-1863 and established the laws of inheritance: the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment. His work laid the foundation for genetics but was overlooked until the early 1900s. Mendel's laws explain inheritance of traits from parents to offspring and allow plant breeders to select for desirable traits through hybridization and breeding new varieties. Deviations from Mendelian inheritance such as incomplete dominance, overdominance, and linkage were later discovered. Mendel's principles remain central to genetics and plant breeding research and techniques.
Presentation on fundamental genetics
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http://biodeluna.wordpress.com/
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The document discusses 5 patterns of human inheritance: complete dominance, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, sex-linked traits, and polygenic traits. It provides examples for each pattern including Mendelian genetics (BB, Bb, bb), blending of traits in flowers, expression of both parental alleles in horses, traits on the X/Y chromosomes, and traits influenced by multiple gene pairs like hair/eye color. The document also describes how karyotypes and pedigree charts are used to study inheritance in families by examining chromosomes and mapping genetic traits through generations.
Genetika mendel
Gregor Mendel conducted genetics experiments with pea plants between 1856-1863. He found that when he cross-pollinated pea plants with different traits, such as seed color, the first generation offspring (F1) always exhibited one trait, such as yellow seeds. However, in the second generation (F2), the traits separated in a ratio of 3:1, with three plants exhibiting one trait (yellow seeds) and one plant exhibiting the other trait (green seeds). From these results, Mendel concluded that 1) traits are determined by discrete inherited factors (now called genes), 2) individuals inherit one factor from each parent, and 3) traits may not appear but can still be passed to offspring
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The document discusses autosomal dominant inheritance. It explains that with autosomal dominant inheritance, if a woman has a mutated gene causing a disease and passes that gene onto her child, the child will have the disease even if the father contributes a healthy gene, because the mutated gene is dominant. The child has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene from the mother and developing the disease.
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This document discusses genetics and inheritance of genetic diseases. It covers Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants which laid the foundations of genetics, including genes, alleles, dominant and recessive traits. It also discusses chromosomes, genetic crosses, sex-linked inheritance and examples of genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy. The role of mutations in causing genetic diseases as well as the process of genetic counseling is summarized.
Inheritance
The document discusses genetics and patterns of inheritance. It defines genetics as the study of heredity and how traits are passed from parents to offspring through mechanisms like meiosis and fertilization. It also defines heredity, variation, and mutation. The document then discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants in the 1860s, where he studied inheritance of traits like seed shape, pod shape, and flower color. His experiments led to the formulation of Mendel's laws of inheritance - the law of dominance, the law of segregation, and the law of independent assortment.
Genetics
Gregor Mendel studied traits in garden peas and established the principles of heredity through quantitative experiments. He found that traits like seed shape, color, and flower position were inherited based on dominant and recessive alleles. Mendel's work laid the foundation for genetics and showed that heritable traits are passed from parents to offspring via discrete units now known as genes. Genetics further studies how heredity works, including patterns of inheritance, mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, and genetic testing techniques like amniocentesis.
Genealogy DNA
Reading this presentation you will find out the two (2) important types of genealogy DNA test. How genealogy DNA testing identify if persons are related to each other or not. How genealogy DNA plays important role in solving parental issues, person's family history or child biological links.
Genetic applications
Genetic research focuses on cloning and genetic engineering. Cloning involves creating genetically identical offspring from a single organism's cells, which has been done with plants and animals like Dolly the sheep. Genetic engineering transfers genetic material between organisms to create recombinant DNA and introduce new genes, which has been used to develop therapies for disorders like growth hormone deficiency and diabetes. Selective breeding techniques like inbreeding and hybridization are also used to improve plant and animal varieties.
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Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
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This document provides an overview of genetics and Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants. It summarizes Mendel's work, including that he conducted monohybrid crosses using pea plants with distinct traits like seed shape, color, and size. Through his careful experiments and quantitative analysis, Mendel discovered the laws of inheritance and developed an understanding of dominant and recessive traits. His work laid the foundations for modern genetics although it was not widely recognized until many decades later.
Patterns of inheritance mendelian inheritance
1. Mendel conducted breeding experiments with pea plants over seven years to test his particulate hypothesis of inheritance. He found that traits are passed from parents to offspring as distinct factors, now called genes.
2. Mendel discovered that traits can be dominant or recessive, and that alleles segregate independently during gamete formation according to his laws of inheritance.
3. Mendel's work established the foundations of classical genetics and showed that heredity follows predictable statistical patterns. His principles help explain the inheritance of human traits and disorders like cystic fibrosis.
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This document summarizes key concepts in genetics, including:
1) Mendel conducted experiments breeding pea plants and discovered dominant and recessive traits, laying the foundations for modern genetics. His laws of segregation and independent assortment explained inheritance patterns.
2) Genes contain alleles that code for traits. Dominant alleles mask recessives. Genotype is an organism's genetic makeup, while phenotype is the observable trait.
3) Probabilities of inheritance can be determined using Punnett squares to combine parental alleles and predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes in monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. Test crosses identify unknown genotypes.
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This document provides an overview of genetics and inheritance concepts taught in Campbell & Reece's chapters 14 and 15. It summarizes Mendel's experiments with pea plants which established the basic principles of heredity, including dominant and recessive traits, genotypes and phenotypes, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. It also covers sex determination, sex-linked inheritance, degrees of dominance, and polygenic inheritance. Mendel's work laid the foundation for genetics as a scientific field.
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It is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about the lesson or topic: Mendelian Inheritance. It also talks about the definition, history and the laws included in the Mendelian Inheritance or Mendelian Genetics.
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These presentation covers heredity, mendel's brief story, mendel's first experiment, and mendelian law of inheritance.I also included assessment. I hope that I can help you, as much as I was. :D <3
13 - Mendel and the Gene Idea
توضیح وراثت به طور کلی و گسترده در دهه 1800، و به طور مشخص فرضیه "مخلوط شدن" مورد پسند دانشمندان و زیست شناسان عصر خود بود. براساس این ایده، مواد ژنتیکی توسط والدین و درست همان طور که رنگ های آبی و زرد برای تبدیل شدن به رنگ سبز ترکیب میشوند، مخلوط میشدند. البته این فرضیه توضیح نمیداد که چگونه صفات پس از کنار رفتن یک نسل دوباره در نسل بعدی ظاهر میشوند. یک گزینه جایگزین برای مدل مخلوط شدن مواد ژنتیکی، فرضیه وراثت "ذرات معلق" است یا همان ایده ژن. در این مدل، والدین واحدهای موروثی به نام ژنها را که هویت جداگانه خود را در فرزندان حفظ می کنند، منتقل میکنند. گریگور مندل راهبی بود كه سازوكار ذرهای این نوع وارثت را با استفاده از گیاه نخود فرنگی به اثبات رساند.
The explanation of heredity most widely in favor during the 1800s was the “blending” hypothesis, the idea that genetic material contributed by the two parents, mixes just as blue and yellow paints blend to make green. The blending hypothesis failed to explain how traits can reappear after they’ve skipped a generation. An alternative to the blending model is a “particulate” hypothesis of inheritance: the gene idea. In this model, parents pass on discrete heritable units—genes— that retain their separate identities in offspring. Gregor Mendel was the monk who documented a particulate mechanism for this form of inheritance using pea plants.
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Mendelian inheritance and its implications in plant breeding. Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants between 1854-1863 and established the laws of inheritance: the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment. His work laid the foundation for genetics but was overlooked until the early 1900s. Mendel's laws explain inheritance of traits from parents to offspring and allow plant breeders to select for desirable traits through hybridization and breeding new varieties. Deviations from Mendelian inheritance such as incomplete dominance, overdominance, and linkage were later discovered. Mendel's principles remain central to genetics and plant breeding research and techniques.
Presentation on fundamental genetics
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This document provides an overview of the key topics in genetics. It discusses the history and founders of genetics from Darwin's theory of evolution to modern discoveries like the structure of DNA. It outlines the major fields in genetics including transmission genetics, molecular and biochemical genetics, and population genetics. It also provides examples of applications of genetics in agriculture, medicine, forensics, industries, humans, and the environment.
Mendelian Genetics Basics Fernando
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Smart board activity + Mendel´s laws + Genetics Basics Vocabulary.
http://biodeluna.wordpress.com/
Human genetic inheritance patterns
The document discusses 5 patterns of human inheritance: complete dominance, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, sex-linked traits, and polygenic traits. It provides examples for each pattern including Mendelian genetics (BB, Bb, bb), blending of traits in flowers, expression of both parental alleles in horses, traits on the X/Y chromosomes, and traits influenced by multiple gene pairs like hair/eye color. The document also describes how karyotypes and pedigree charts are used to study inheritance in families by examining chromosomes and mapping genetic traits through generations.
Genetika mendel
Gregor Mendel conducted genetics experiments with pea plants between 1856-1863. He found that when he cross-pollinated pea plants with different traits, such as seed color, the first generation offspring (F1) always exhibited one trait, such as yellow seeds. However, in the second generation (F2), the traits separated in a ratio of 3:1, with three plants exhibiting one trait (yellow seeds) and one plant exhibiting the other trait (green seeds). From these results, Mendel concluded that 1) traits are determined by discrete inherited factors (now called genes), 2) individuals inherit one factor from each parent, and 3) traits may not appear but can still be passed to offspring
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The document discusses autosomal dominant inheritance. It explains that with autosomal dominant inheritance, if a woman has a mutated gene causing a disease and passes that gene onto her child, the child will have the disease even if the father contributes a healthy gene, because the mutated gene is dominant. The child has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene from the mother and developing the disease.
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This document discusses genetics and inheritance of genetic diseases. It covers Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants which laid the foundations of genetics, including genes, alleles, dominant and recessive traits. It also discusses chromosomes, genetic crosses, sex-linked inheritance and examples of genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy. The role of mutations in causing genetic diseases as well as the process of genetic counseling is summarized.
Inheritance
The document discusses genetics and patterns of inheritance. It defines genetics as the study of heredity and how traits are passed from parents to offspring through mechanisms like meiosis and fertilization. It also defines heredity, variation, and mutation. The document then discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants in the 1860s, where he studied inheritance of traits like seed shape, pod shape, and flower color. His experiments led to the formulation of Mendel's laws of inheritance - the law of dominance, the law of segregation, and the law of independent assortment.
Genetics
Gregor Mendel studied traits in garden peas and established the principles of heredity through quantitative experiments. He found that traits like seed shape, color, and flower position were inherited based on dominant and recessive alleles. Mendel's work laid the foundation for genetics and showed that heritable traits are passed from parents to offspring via discrete units now known as genes. Genetics further studies how heredity works, including patterns of inheritance, mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, and genetic testing techniques like amniocentesis.
Genealogy DNA
Reading this presentation you will find out the two (2) important types of genealogy DNA test. How genealogy DNA testing identify if persons are related to each other or not. How genealogy DNA plays important role in solving parental issues, person's family history or child biological links.
Genetic applications
Genetic research focuses on cloning and genetic engineering. Cloning involves creating genetically identical offspring from a single organism's cells, which has been done with plants and animals like Dolly the sheep. Genetic engineering transfers genetic material between organisms to create recombinant DNA and introduce new genes, which has been used to develop therapies for disorders like growth hormone deficiency and diabetes. Selective breeding techniques like inbreeding and hybridization are also used to improve plant and animal varieties.
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Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Class 10 human eye notes physics
Handwritten best quality
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Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
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Reproduction in organism Question paper
- 1. 1M Q. Who isknownas Fatherof genetics? Q. Name two plants that are bisexual 2M Q. How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive? 3M Q. How do potato and Bryophyllum plants reproduce vegetatively? Q. What are the different methods of contraception in males and female human beings?