Nchr egypt upr20_egy_Relation Sandro Suzart SUZART GOOGLE INC United S...Sandro Suzart
relationship between Sandro Suzart SUZART GOOGLE INC and United States on Demonstrations 2013 and Impeachments of 22 governments Relation, Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC, United States on Demonstrations countries IMPEACHMENT GOOGLE INC
Nchr egypt upr20_egy_Relation Sandro Suzart SUZART GOOGLE INC United S...Sandro Suzart
relationship between Sandro Suzart SUZART GOOGLE INC and United States on Demonstrations 2013 and Impeachments of 22 governments Relation, Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC, United States on Demonstrations countries IMPEACHMENT GOOGLE INC
The right to health, particularly for in relation to vulnerable groupsFEANTSA
Presentation by Cezary Wlodarczyk, Council of Europe at a FEANTSA conference on "The Right to Health is a Human Right: Ensuring Access to Health for People who are Homeless", 2006
A comparative exploration of LGBT politics in Central Asian countries, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, and the role of international players in LGBT politics.
A Review of the History and Theories Surrounding the Concept of Children’s Ri...AkashSharma618775
Children’s rights as set out in national and international instruments outline the fundamental obligations
of society that are essential in meeting the needs of children. In Nigeria, the policies on the rights of children and
young persons have been guided by the principles set out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, as well as those in the Child’s Rights Act of
2003. Despite this, there are still challenges to the protection of children’s rights. Using a doctrinal methodology,
the paper examines the history of the development of children’s rights before discussing some of the theories and
approaches to children’s rights. The paper considers that the concept of children’s rights has been appreciated in
Nigeria, as children are recognised as an important part of the society. However, there are differences from the
western concept of children’s rights as well as societal issues which may lead to challenges in the acceptance and
implementation of internationally recognised standards. Ultimately, to make children’s rights a reality, the existing
theories need to be merged with the unique cultural norms in Nigeria.
The World Survey on the Role of Women in Development, presented to the Second Committee of the General Assembly at its fifty-ninth session (A/59/287), addresses key issues related to women and international migration. A summary of its main findings is presented below.
Withdraw Anti-LGBTI bill - Amnesty International to GhanaKweku Zurek
Amnesty International has urged the Ghanaian Parliament and government to immediately withdraw the proposed Promotion of Proper Human Sexual Rights and Ghanaian Family Values Bill 2021 from consideration.
Community Policing and National Security A Study of Selected Local Government...ijtsrd
The rising crime rate, especially violent crime involving terrorism, armed robbery, Fulani herdsmen attack, banditry, ritual murders, political assassinations, ethnic and religious violence, kidnapping, pipe line vandalism, election violence are becoming very serious problem to the Nigerian society. Aristotle Isaac Jacobs "Community Policing and National Security: A Study of Selected Local Government Areas in Bayelsa State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38204.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/38204/community-policing-and-national-security-a-study-of-selected-local-government-areas-in-bayelsa-state-nigeria/aristotle-isaac-jacobs
INTRODUCTION
- Since the founding of Egyptian coordination of rights and freedoms in the first of August in 2014, it has been monitoring all violations of the Egyptian citizen, in social, economic and political rights in an impartial, away from any affiliation or bias, because human rights now in Egypt has become a thorny and complicated issue to a large extent. It is difficult to understand the optimal, because the size of the violations exceeded. The quantity and quality - all the conclusions and expectations.
- This phenomenon deserve to stop, because what there are in Egypt of a significant deterioration in human rights file, which exceeded all violations carried out by the previous regimes.
- The desire of some parties to the current authority in the suppression of its opponents, violation of the Egyptian citizen's rights and the violation of rights in natural life and human dignity.
- In the face of this phenomenon, the coordination must take position subjected to the violated rights of citizens and what is a waste of all their rights and freedoms constitutional and legal, guaranteed by the Constitution, laws and treaties ratified by Egypt, trying hard to educate Egyptian society of their rights, to get awareness community with deep and vigilant towards his rights, which got lost in the absences practices existing authority, and assist in the installation of a culture of human rights in the mentality and heart and conscience Egyptian society, which is the cornerstone of building and primary Nations progress and growth toward a bright future, to become a part of the culture of the community.
"And we have certainly honored the children of Adam and carried them on the land and sea and provided for them of the good things and preferred them over much of what We have created, with [definite] preference."
"States must promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems".
World Conference on Human Rights in 1993 – Vienna
The "Egyptian coordination of rights and freedoms" deployment of their reports (half-year), issued respectively from the first to tenth of current August, for the first half of the year 2015, and was pleased that released today a comprehensive complex report in accordance with the next methodology.
ECRF – Cairo: August 2015
Law Enforcement, a challenge in cases of child abuse.Nilendra Kumar
Any meaningful action to reduce the cases of child abuse would come about only with effective law enforcement and award suitable punishment to the offenders. This policy has different dimensions that require a serious effort.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. It has been rightly proclaimed in the American declaration of independence that “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Created with certain unalienable rights….” Similarly, Indian Constitution has ensured and enshrined Fundamental rights for all citizens irrespective of caste, creed, religion, color, sex or nationality. These basic rights, commonly known as human rights, are recognized the world over as basic rights with which every individual is born.
Nchr egypt upRelation between Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC, United...Sandro Santana
Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC and United States on relationship among Demonstrations, 2013. IMPEACHMENTS of 22 governments, Relation, Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC, United States, Demonstrations countries IMPEACHMENT, GOOGLE INC, the torture suffered by Sandro Suzart, Genocide in Egypt and Lybia.
The right to health, particularly for in relation to vulnerable groupsFEANTSA
Presentation by Cezary Wlodarczyk, Council of Europe at a FEANTSA conference on "The Right to Health is a Human Right: Ensuring Access to Health for People who are Homeless", 2006
A comparative exploration of LGBT politics in Central Asian countries, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, and the role of international players in LGBT politics.
A Review of the History and Theories Surrounding the Concept of Children’s Ri...AkashSharma618775
Children’s rights as set out in national and international instruments outline the fundamental obligations
of society that are essential in meeting the needs of children. In Nigeria, the policies on the rights of children and
young persons have been guided by the principles set out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, as well as those in the Child’s Rights Act of
2003. Despite this, there are still challenges to the protection of children’s rights. Using a doctrinal methodology,
the paper examines the history of the development of children’s rights before discussing some of the theories and
approaches to children’s rights. The paper considers that the concept of children’s rights has been appreciated in
Nigeria, as children are recognised as an important part of the society. However, there are differences from the
western concept of children’s rights as well as societal issues which may lead to challenges in the acceptance and
implementation of internationally recognised standards. Ultimately, to make children’s rights a reality, the existing
theories need to be merged with the unique cultural norms in Nigeria.
The World Survey on the Role of Women in Development, presented to the Second Committee of the General Assembly at its fifty-ninth session (A/59/287), addresses key issues related to women and international migration. A summary of its main findings is presented below.
Withdraw Anti-LGBTI bill - Amnesty International to GhanaKweku Zurek
Amnesty International has urged the Ghanaian Parliament and government to immediately withdraw the proposed Promotion of Proper Human Sexual Rights and Ghanaian Family Values Bill 2021 from consideration.
Community Policing and National Security A Study of Selected Local Government...ijtsrd
The rising crime rate, especially violent crime involving terrorism, armed robbery, Fulani herdsmen attack, banditry, ritual murders, political assassinations, ethnic and religious violence, kidnapping, pipe line vandalism, election violence are becoming very serious problem to the Nigerian society. Aristotle Isaac Jacobs "Community Policing and National Security: A Study of Selected Local Government Areas in Bayelsa State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38204.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/38204/community-policing-and-national-security-a-study-of-selected-local-government-areas-in-bayelsa-state-nigeria/aristotle-isaac-jacobs
INTRODUCTION
- Since the founding of Egyptian coordination of rights and freedoms in the first of August in 2014, it has been monitoring all violations of the Egyptian citizen, in social, economic and political rights in an impartial, away from any affiliation or bias, because human rights now in Egypt has become a thorny and complicated issue to a large extent. It is difficult to understand the optimal, because the size of the violations exceeded. The quantity and quality - all the conclusions and expectations.
- This phenomenon deserve to stop, because what there are in Egypt of a significant deterioration in human rights file, which exceeded all violations carried out by the previous regimes.
- The desire of some parties to the current authority in the suppression of its opponents, violation of the Egyptian citizen's rights and the violation of rights in natural life and human dignity.
- In the face of this phenomenon, the coordination must take position subjected to the violated rights of citizens and what is a waste of all their rights and freedoms constitutional and legal, guaranteed by the Constitution, laws and treaties ratified by Egypt, trying hard to educate Egyptian society of their rights, to get awareness community with deep and vigilant towards his rights, which got lost in the absences practices existing authority, and assist in the installation of a culture of human rights in the mentality and heart and conscience Egyptian society, which is the cornerstone of building and primary Nations progress and growth toward a bright future, to become a part of the culture of the community.
"And we have certainly honored the children of Adam and carried them on the land and sea and provided for them of the good things and preferred them over much of what We have created, with [definite] preference."
"States must promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems".
World Conference on Human Rights in 1993 – Vienna
The "Egyptian coordination of rights and freedoms" deployment of their reports (half-year), issued respectively from the first to tenth of current August, for the first half of the year 2015, and was pleased that released today a comprehensive complex report in accordance with the next methodology.
ECRF – Cairo: August 2015
Law Enforcement, a challenge in cases of child abuse.Nilendra Kumar
Any meaningful action to reduce the cases of child abuse would come about only with effective law enforcement and award suitable punishment to the offenders. This policy has different dimensions that require a serious effort.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. It has been rightly proclaimed in the American declaration of independence that “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Created with certain unalienable rights….” Similarly, Indian Constitution has ensured and enshrined Fundamental rights for all citizens irrespective of caste, creed, religion, color, sex or nationality. These basic rights, commonly known as human rights, are recognized the world over as basic rights with which every individual is born.
Nchr egypt upRelation between Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC, United...Sandro Santana
Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC and United States on relationship among Demonstrations, 2013. IMPEACHMENTS of 22 governments, Relation, Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC, United States, Demonstrations countries IMPEACHMENT, GOOGLE INC, the torture suffered by Sandro Suzart, Genocide in Egypt and Lybia.
Deadly but Preventable Attacks: Killings and Enforced Disappearances of Those...Amnesty India
3,500 human rights defenders have been killed worldwide since 1998
281 HRDs killed globally in 2016—a significant increase from 156 defenders killed in 2015 and 136 in 2014
48 journalists killed worldwide in 2016 according to the Committee to Protect Journalists
India among deadliest countries for defenders of rights related to land, environment
Executive Summary
This report is being issued while there are still 98 girls and women in custody and arbitrary detention by the security authorities, for different periods and times, in addition to the 4 cases of compulsory disappearance that haven't been found yet. Besides the 3 cases of extrajudicial killings. We monitored also the sentencing to death of the whole family of the Pilgrim Samia Shanan, the report also monitored the presentation of women and girls to military trials. According to the report Cairo occupies the largest number in cases of arrest by 51 detained.
-Among the monitored of the detainees who have been detained at different times and then went out; there are 62 detained so far in 2015 alone. In this report you read about...
Executive Summary
Second: The introduction to the report
Third: report methodology
Fourth: Attached laws and provisions
Fifth: arbitrary arrest and detention (98 cases to date)
1. Division, according to the governorates
2. Division according to the periods of detention
3. Violations related to detention
a- home arrest
b- Editors journalists' arrest
c- The arrest of minors
Sixth: Compulsory disappearances
1-4 cases of compulsory disappearances to date
2. " Israa Altaweel" a suffering model...
Seventh: the sentences issued during the study period
1. The first execution of an entire family
2. Military trials against women
Eighth: extrajudicial killings
- 3 cases during the study period
Ninth: Recommendations
The widespread of violent extremism and terrorist attacks undermined societal stability and world peace. Additionally, it deepened the expansion of intercontinental crimes, money laundering and other illegal acts that have a crucial impact on global politics and economy. Thus, tackling this phenomenon within a legal and judicial framework is important for preserving human rights and societal peace, in addition to guaranteeing the right to a fair trial. The establishment of a comprehensive and fair judicial and legal system will help protect young people from joining radical terrorist organizations and strengthen the efforts to reintegrate these young people into their societies. Thus, this policy brief will discuss the post-revolutionary Tunisian context and its association with the phenomenon of violent extremism and will examine the new Tunisian Constitution and the new anti-terrorism law. Furthermore, this policy brief will also focus on the importance of reforming the Tunisian legal and judicial system in order to protect human rights and guarantee the rights and freedoms to all people, for that they are the foundation of the Tunisian revolution. Finally, there will be a series of recommendations directed at politicians and Tunisian legislators.
Author: Omar Wesleti
About 60 participants from around 20 Myanmar and international businesses, as well as LGBT+ rights groups, trade union rights, international organisations, experts and lawyers discussed attended a workshop on 28/29 August at the Rose Garden Hotel, Yangon to discuss how businesses can support LGBT+ equality in Myanmar.
Read more: https://www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/news/lgbt-equality.html
The HC has defined sexual harassment include: disturbing women and children through letters, e-mails, SMS, posters, writings on walls, benches, chairs, tables, notice boards and threatening or pressing them to make sexual relations are sexual harassment and torture etc. Rape, sexual provocation, envious or intentional propaganda against women and children, and showing such films, digital images, paintings, cartoons, leaflets, posters and still photographs are also considered as indirect sexual harassment and torture.
This presentation explores whether SORNA laws are making us safer, 2) examines the negative effects on sex offenders, family and friends, and 3) takes a cursory look at the constitutionality of the laws.
MFA report “The Most Resonant Human Rights Violations in Certain Countries 2013”Sapiens Belarus
This is the second report on the most resonant human rights violations in certain countries issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It was written on the basis of various sources, like the results of Human Rights Council’s UPRs, observations of the HRC’s special thematic procedures and the UN treaty bodies, information of international, regional, and national governmental and non-governmental organizations, as well as data collected from open sources by the diplomatic missions of Belarus.
Since the end of the Cold War the issue of human rights has unquestionably come into increased global prominence. What is more, the international community has in recent years elevated human rights to the level of importance at the United Nations that only the issues of peace, security and development heretofore enjoyed.
At the same time no other issue on the international agenda appears currently to be as polarizing as human rights. Indeed, international relations have been increasingly viewed and conducted today through the prism of human rights.
This happens because some countries, relying on their own political and economic clout, have come to assume the mantle of human rights «high moral» advocates. What follows from this stance is that they make political and economic relationships with other states contingent on the issue of human rights. For all intents and purposes, the whole world has to cater to those «high moral» proponents lest the former lose the latter’s goodwill. Yet, it is clear to everyone, and the report has been tasked to demonstrate this, that by declaring their approaches universal, the «high moralists», however, act in a selective manner and forget about their own principled stance wherever and whenever they find it necessary. What is worse, in an attempt to arrogate the right to spell out the only true recipe of successful development, they ignore the objective reality of historical experience, as well as mental and economic peculiar features inherent to other countries.
Appreciating those specific features of historic experience of each other is the first, and perhaps, the only way to treat the issue of human rights in a non-confrontational and unbiased manner. I did my best to articulate such a vision in an article titled Human Rights: What and Who Made Them Divide the World?, which was published by Russia in Global Affairs in June 2013. There is a genuinely hope that all of us will ultimately come to embrace the above approach, because in a world of ever-rising global threats and challenges countries have no such luxury as to divert attention from them by engaging in policies aimed at «remaking» each other in someone’s own image.
Overview of our GNI report, downloadable from http://globalnetworkinitiative.org/news/new-report-outlines-recommendations-governments-companies-and-others-how-protect-free
Similar to Report on Major Violations of Individual Liberties in 2017 (20)
S'organiser et se réunir sont des droits constitutionnels.
Non à la criminalisation des activités citoyennes : politiques, associatives et syndicales !
Libérez les détenus d’opinion et les journalistes !
A l’occasion de la Consultation tripartite « Société civile-Tunisie-UE » coorganisée ce matin par le ministère des affaires étrangères Tunisien et la délégation de l’UE en Tunisie en vue du Sous comité « Droits de l’Homme, Démocratie et Etat de droit » qui se tiendra le 26 Janvier 2021,
EuroMed Droit, sur la base des recommandations faites par ses membres et ses partenaires, publie une Note sur l’Etat des lieux des droits humains en Tunisie.
دليل إجرائي حول الآليات القضائيّة لتطبيق القانون الأساسي المتعلّق بالقضاء عل...EuroMed Rights - Tunisia
الدليل الإجرائي حول الآليات القضائية لتطبيق القانون الأساسي المتعلق بالقضاء على العنف ضد المرأة الذي أعدته القاضيتان الفاضلتان السيدة ثريا بويحيى السيدة عائشة بلحسن
Projet
Dialogue Tripartite
« Société civile-TN-UE »
« Mobilisation de la société civile pour le suivi des relations entre la Tunisie et l’Union européenne »
A deep and comprehensive free trade agreement (DCFTA) is currently being negotiated between Tunisia and the European Union (EU). It aims to increase trade between Tunisia and the EU, and is said to be better adapted to the democratic transition and economic reconstruction of Tunisia. However, it seems such an agreement would only deepen the trade openness approach begun with the Association Agreement (AA). Negotiated with the Ben Ali dictatorship, it had been criticized by both trade unions and employers at the time.
تجري المفاوضات حاليا حول اتفاقية التبادل الحر الشامل والمعمق بين تونس والاتحاد الاوروبي التي تهدف الى تكثيف
المبادلات التجارية بين الطرفين. وقد اعتمد الاتحاد الأوروبي في تقديم هذه الاتفاقية مقاربة ملائمة لسياق الانتقال
الديمقراطي وإعادة البناء الاقتصادي الذي تعيشه الجمهورية التونسية رغم أنها في الحقيقة لا تهدف إلا لمزيد توسيع نطاق الانفتاح التجاري الذي اقترح في اتفاقية
الشراكة السابق المفاوضة حولها في ظل النظام الديكتاتوري خلال فترة حكم بنعلي والتي انتُقدت حينذاك من طرف كل من النقابات وأرباب الأعمال
Un Accord de libre-échange complet et approfondi (ALECA) est aujourd’hui en négociation entre la Tunisie et l’Union européenne (UE). Il vise à accroitre les échanges commerciaux entre la Tunisie et l’UE. Ce que l’UE présente comme une approche adaptée au nouveau contexte de transition démocratique et de reconstruction économique de la Tunisie ne fait en réalité qu’approfondir l’ouverture commerciale déjà présente dans l’Accord d’association (AA), négocié avec la dictature de Ben Ali, et qui avait été critiqué à l’époque à la fois par les syndicats et le patronat
Rapport sur les principales violations des libertés individuelles en 2017EuroMed Rights - Tunisia
Etat des libertés individuelles 2017 :
Les violations continuent et s’intensifient…
Rapport préparé par Le Collectif Civil pour les Libertés Individuelles
What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Report on Major Violations of Individual Liberties in 2017
1. With the support of :
Civil Coalition
For Individual Liberties
2017 State of Individual Liberties:
Continuous and Intensifying Violations
Report on Major Violations of Individual Liberties in 2017
2.
3. Civil Coalition
For Individual Liberties
2017 State of Individual Liberties:
Continuous and Intensifying Violations
Report on Major Violations of Individual Liberties in 2017
4.
5. 1
2017 State of Individual Liberties:
Continuous and Intensifying Violations
Report on Major Violations of Individual Liberties in 2017
Four years have elapsed since the promulgation of the Constitution on
January 27th, 2014, which clearly enshrined freedom of conscience
(Article 6), the equality for all and every individual before the law
without discrimination (Article 21), the guarantee by the State of
individual and public liberties and rights (Article 21), the guarantee of
human dignity and physical integrity (Article 22), the protection of
privacy, inviolability of the home, confidentiality of correspondence,
communications and personal data (Article 23).
Authorities continue to arrest, convict and imprison Tunisian and non-
Tunisian men and women based on unconstitutional and therefore
obsolete police and judicial practices and legal texts. Fundamental
liberties continue to be challenged by concepts, automatisms and
considerations stemming from the dictatorship which claimed the right
to invade the privacy of individuals, by incriminating undefined acts such
as good morals, infringement to decency or homosexuality. These
invasive practices continue to violate human dignity and physical
integrity of individuals, opening the door to searches, the seizing of
means of communication, and the practice of the so-called examinations
of shame: anal test, virginity test, urine analysis... Hundreds, and even
thousands of people, especially young people, are arrested and judged
following such examinations. These practices, which have become
“legal”, encourage people to interfere with the lives of others, to resort
to denunciation, control, stigmatization, harassment and to physical and
psychological violence against people whose only crime is to claim their
right to be different. This threatens individual liberties as much as the
cohesion of the social construct and the effectiveness of the recently
concluded pact (The 2014 constitution).
In this context, and since its creation on January 19th, 2016, the Civil
Coalition for Individual Liberties CCLI (The Collectif Civil pour les Libertés
Individuelles, which brought together 36 CSOs working for the defense
of human rights and in particular individual liberties, has been a force for
observing, alerting and acting to denounce serious human rights abuses
and violations. CCLI has been speaking out against abuses and violations
6. 2
and fighting for the enforcement of constitutionally protected rights and
liberties based on equality, and without discrimination on the grounds of
"birth, gender, sexual orientation, opinion, religion, social condition,
health or other."
During the year 2017 CCLI conducted campaigns and actions aimed at
making individual liberties and free choice the fundamental principles
driving community life: the campaign to repeal the circular banning the
marriage of Tunisian women with non-Muslims, the campaign for the
revision of the law on drugs, the campaign to end impunity for rape and
forced marriage of minors, actions to prohibit the use of anal and
virginity tests. CCLI played a very active role in the universal periodic
review of Tunisia before the Human Rights Council, with the submission
of numerous shadow reports, including one – and for the first time-
dedicated to the situation of the LGBTQI ++ individuals.
CCLI intends to make 2018 the year of individual liberties and will
engage the Committee of Individual Liberties and Equality (COLIB), the
Assembly of the Representatives of the People, the Government, in
particular, the ministries of the interior and justice, and the media
through several actions including argument development and judicial
cases evidence-based advocacy.
Synthesis of major violations
In its 2017 report, CCLI submits the evidence covering a sub set of
violations of human rights across the following areas:
• Violations of liberties on the grounds of protection of decency and
good morals,
• Violations of the rights of minor girls forced into marriage with
adults with whom they had allegedly consensual sexual relations,
• Violations on the basis of sexual orientation and gender
expression,
• Violations of the right of Tunisian women to freely choose their
spouses
• Violations related to freedom of conscience.
The full English report will include a non-exhaustive list of violations,
which were collected by the respective CSOs under CCLI. Such examples
have been summarized as follows:
7. 3
1-1 Violations on the grounds of offense to decency and good morals
(Penal Code articles 226 and 226 bis)
The concepts of “decency”, “good morals” and “public morality” are
vague and of indefinite nature, but can constitute criminal offenses and
are widely used to arrest, prosecute and punish Tunisian and non
Tunisian citizens of both sexes.
In 2017, a large number of cases of violations were documented out of
information from digital press and reports from various member
associations of CCLI. The number of reported cases is believed to be
underestimated. The cases occurred in the hands or supervision of
public authorities and set a precedent for citizens of all wakes to self
appoint themselves up as guardians of decency and morality.
Furthermore, zealous citizens, preachers, leaders of political parties have
perpetrated similar violations in the form of non pacific demonstrations,
the closing down of shops, the impediment of public access,
denunciations etc.
Instances of violations on the grounds of 226 and 226 bis have
provoked specifically:
- Relentless harassment of women and LGBTQI ++ community (cases
reported in Nabeul, Hammam Sousse, Tataouine, Soukra, Tunis)
- Closing down of alcoholic beverage shops-
Although the sale and consumption of alcohol are legal in Tunisia,
stigmatization is common (cases reported in El Jem, Msaken, Metline,
Djerba).
- Hunting Down non-fasters (“fattaras”) during the month of Ramadan
(in Ariana, Bizerte, Sfax, Beja)
- Case of a DJ mixing western music with the call to prayer that resulted
in suing the night club managers
- Arrest of a French man and a Tunisian woman found together sitting in
a car parked away from the main driveway. This famous case called the
“fatal kiss” led to a jail sentence for the two concerned persons.
Setting a precedent with a dangerous procedure: Illegal/non consented
filming of arrested Individuals
The broadcasting of videos of arrested citizens during detention illegally
filmed by police officers using their mobile phones and egged on by their
8. 4
unions set extremely dangerous precedents. They constitute illegal
practices that the judges must consider as nullifying all the judicial
proceedings (cases of the two women arrested in Nabeul in January, the
university teacher in Tunis, the kiss case).
These cases of violation are in conflict with the following Constitution
articles: the right to moral and physical integrity and dignity of the
person (Article 23); equality of all persons before the law without
discrimination (Article 21); the right to privacy, the inviolability of the
home and the confidentiality of communication (Article 24).
1- 2 Violation of the rights of the child: forced marriage of the girl child
(Article 5 of the Code of Personal Statute and Article 227 bis of the
Penal Code)
Under this jurisdiction girls are married to their rapist, with their family’s
agreement and the judge’s ruling.
The year 2017 was characterized by an increase in the number of
minors’ marriage family requests, and most importantly by the increase
of the number of authorizations granted to those requests.
Cases reported in 2017 include the forced marriage of the 13 year old
girl in El Kef and 104 marriages of minors in Mahdia alone. The El Kef
case played a decisive role in the repeal and replacement of Article 227
bis of the Penal Code, in the framework of the Law on the Eradication of
Violence against Women, adopted on August 11th
, 2017.
These cases are in violation with the Constitution articles: protection of
physical integrity (Art. 23); Child protection Code (Art. 20 and
subsequent); the right to education (Art. 39); and the Child’s
constitutional right (Art. 47), which stipules that the best interest of the
child overrides interpretation and implementation of the law.
1.3. Violation of the Human Rights of LGBTQI ++ individuals (Penal code
Art. 230)
The Arabic text stipulates that female and male homosexuality
constitute criminal offences and are punishable by a 3 years
imprisonment.
In 2017, Article 230 had devastating effects. The number of convicted
persons, that were documented by the CCLI CSO members, or
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mentioned by the media alone, account for 70 cases. This does not
include cases of persons arrested without trial. Art. 230 opens the door
to all forms of discrimination based on sexual orientation, apparent or
presumed gender expression. It legitimizes discriminatory social
behaviors, stigmatization and violence -reaching public lynching in its
extreme expression- towards people whose appearance and/or
expression does not correspond to “the norm”. It should be noted that
the anal test was defined as torture by the International Committee
Against Torture.
In addition to the several arrests reported, art 230 was used to legitimize
extreme forms of violence:
- Homophobic Murders :
In Gabes, a young man is tortured, burned and murdered; homophobic
homicide in Tunis (Omrane Supérieur); hairdresser was killed in El Kef.
- Public Lynching: the Plight of Transgender People:
A transgender person was lynched in the medina of Kairouan; a
transgender person is abused and beaten in a police station; in Sousse,
two people file complaints for police violence on homophobic grounds.
- Assaults and violence inciting campaigns
In 2017, assaults and violence inciting campaigns related to gender
orientation and expression were carried out assimilating homosexuality
to terrorism.
- And the Medical Examination of Shame Goes On
In response to the recommendation of the Committee of the Human
Rights Council (Geneva in May 2017) following the review of the
submission of Tunisia PRU report, the government head of delegation
rejected the repeal of Penal code Art 230 and the decriminalization of
homosexual relations. It set a four-year period to address the
recommendation to abolish anal tests, stigma, discrimination and
violence against LGBTQI++ persons. Accordingly, judicial police and
judges have continued the practice of anal tests.
These cases are in violation with the Constitution articles: Violation of
human dignity and moral and physical integrity (Art.23); privacy and
confidentiality of correspondence, of personal data and privacy of the
home (Art. 24); equality of all before the law (Art. 21);
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1.4. Violation of the Fundamental Right to Choose One's Spouse
On September 8th, 2017, the Minister of Justice signed a circular
canceling circular 216 of November 5th, 1973, which prohibited Tunisian
women from marrying non-Muslims. The circular was contrary to the
founding principles of the Tunisian Constitution and to the international
agreements duly ratified by Tunisia. In spite of this cancellation, in
practice violations have been recorded during the year 2017.
The non application of the procedure is attributed to:
- Administrative Slowness in the Implementation of the New Circular
- Resistance from the Council of Judicial Officers: the Council refusal to
implement the new circular is a clear impediment to the rule of law
- Ambiguity in the Registration of Marriages Concluded Before
September 8th, 2017. The new circular raises the issue of how to settle
thousands of marriage contracts that were signed prior to September
8th, 2017.
1.5. Violations of the Fundamental Right to Freedom of Conscience
Whereas Article 6 of the Constitution clearly states that "The State
guarantees freedom of conscience and belief...", official practices and
social behavior are not consistent with this fundamental constitutional
provision.
Accordingly, frequent violations of the freedom of conscience took place
in 2017.
-Violations of the Freedom of Conscience by Public Authorities towards
people of non-muslim sunni faith (ex. Bizerte, Beja).
- Violations of the Freedom of Conscience by Religious Leaders: A
number of Imams, especially known for their radicalism convey
messages against people who do not share their religious views.
- Violation of the Freedom of Conscience by the Population
The fanatic speech propagated by some religious leaders and the
interventions by public institutions encourage individuals or groups, to
self-appoint themselves as censors, acting as a religious police. 2017
recorded many cases of interference of individuals in the lives of others
on the basis of freedom of conscience.
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2. Summary of Progress in Terms of Individual Liberties
Progress in the area of individual liberties was achieved, in particular at
the legislative, regulatory and institutional levels and in terms of
mobilization of civil society.
2.1. Legislative and Regulatory Progress
Three achievements characterize the year 2017:
1- The law of August 11th, 2017, on the eradication of violence against
women:
The law holds a clear definition of sexual violence, extended to men, the
spell-out of incest. Sexual consent of the minor victim is no longer
accepted (Article 227 bis). It also contains preventive components,
including education on human rights, non-discrimination and non-
violence and provides for the care and protection of victims.
However, it still contains obsolete concepts and a number of ambiguities
such as the criminalization of consensual sexual relations between
minors of the same age (between 16 and 18 years old) or with a young
adult. Indeed, the law sets an irrefutable presumption of non-consent
until the age of 16 but sets the age of sexual consent at 18 years old. Any
relationship between 16 and 18 years old falls therefore under the law,
leading to the criminalization of sexual relations between minors.
2- The Repeal of the Circular of November 5th, 1973:
It leaves room for the application of the Constitution articles 21 (on
equality) and 46 (women’s rights protection) and achieves compliance
with the international conventions ratified by Tunisia such as CEDAW
and the Law of August 11th
, 2017 on the eradication of violence against
women.
3- The Ratification of Convention 108 and Protocol 181 of the Council of
Europe:
The ratification is a step further towards the Protection of Individuals
with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data.
4- Minimalist Reform of the Law on Narcotics:
In addition to the 3 achievements the year also recorded a small revision
of the law on narcotics. CCLI played a major advocacy role with the
Assembly of the Representatives of the People. The reform allows the
application of Article 52 of the Penal Code to consumption and
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possession of drugs, and allows judges to assign attenuating
circumstances, and grant a one-time non-execution of the sentence.
2.2. An Institutional Progress: The Committee on Individual Liberties
and Equality
The creation of the Committee on Individual Liberties and Equality
(COLIBE), by the President of the Republic, a multidisciplinary committee
of experts chaired by the Member of Parliament and human rights and
women's rights activist (Bochra Belhaj Hmida) was a major achievement.
Its mission is to assess the state of liberties and gender equality in
Tunisia and to propose reforms to the Head of State before the end of
February 2018. The COLIBE has engaged very effectively with civil
society.
2.3. Strong Momentum of Civil Society
The Role of Civil Society in the Universal Periodic Review (UPR):
UPR gave an opportunity for a strong civil society participation in the
situation analysis and for the development of solid shadow reports on
various subjects (specialized reports), namely on the situation of LGBTQI
++ individuals and on Sexual and Reproductive Rights; it also allowed an
active CSO participation in Geneva during the discussion of the Tunisian
report.
Defended Causes and Achieved Results of CCLI in 2017:
In summary, CCLI developed arguments and advocated with different
public, executive and law making actors leading to results in the
following areas:
- Reform the law related to narcotics
- Repeal the Circular of November 5th
, 1973;
- Repeal of Article 227 bis of the Criminal Code
- The ban on the use of anal testing and the decriminalization of
homosexuality. Special mention of the advocacy and pressure carried
out by CCPI and in particular the Tunisian coalition for the rights of
LGBTQI++ individuals with the National Council of Physicians (CNOM)
and with the Human Rights Council in Geneva to put an end to anal
tests.
- Enforcement of liberties during Ramadan
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3. Challenges and Priorities for 2018
CCLI list of challenges and plan of action for 2018 include:
1- Legislative and regulatory challenges addressed through continuing
advocacy for the repeal of Article 230 of the Penal Code; the revision of
the protection of morality, decency and good morals (Articles 226 et seq.
of the Penal Code); the revision of the Law on Narcotics;
- Ensuring the implementation of the Council of Europe Convention
N°108 on the Protection of Personal Data;
- Ensuring the implementation of the Lanzarote Convention on the
Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse;
- Continuing the identification of circulars threatening individual liberties
and taking legal action against these texts;
2- Institutional Challenges:
- Establishing the Constitutional Court and granting it with the necessary
resources for a proper functioning, to enable it play its full role of
overseeing the constitutionality of laws and protecting individual
liberties.
- Adopting the law on the Human Rights Authority in accordance with
the provisions of the Tunisian Constitution and the Paris Principles.
3-Challenges of Practical Follow-up:
Ensuring the implementation of the measures decided before 2018 and
in particular:
- Effective application of the marriage of a Tunisian woman with a
spouse of her choice, the registration of marriages prior to September
8th, 2017,
- Enforcement of the Law on the Eradication of Violence against Women,
- Effective implementation of the presence of a lawyer with
apprehended individuals from the first hours of arrest;
- Implementation of the recommendations of the United Nations
mechanisms, specifically those adopted by the Committee against
Torture and the Human Rights Committee
- Support to COLIBE work of and its subsequent implementation.