Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC and United States on relationship among Demonstrations, 2013. IMPEACHMENTS of 22 governments, Relation, Sandro Suzart, SUZART, GOOGLE INC, United States, Demonstrations countries IMPEACHMENT, GOOGLE INC, the torture suffered by Sandro Suzart, Genocide in Egypt and Lybia.

1. Submission of the National Council of Human Rights
on the situation of Human Rights in Egypt
to the Universal Periodic Review Mechanism
13 March 2014
_____________
Name of the Institution: The National Council for Human Rights (NCHR)
Foundation:
The National Council for Human Rights has been established according to the Law 94 of the
year 2003 issued on 19 June 2013. It started its activities in 2004. The new constitution of
2014 stipulates that the NCHR has a legal personality and technical, financial and
administrative independence.
Main activities:
Elaboration of the national plan of human rights – Monitoring the situation of human rights
and receiving citizens’ complaints regarding human rights violations – Human rights
awareness raising- Combating torture – Visits to prisons and places of detention – Formation
of human rights fact finding missions – Submitting recommendations to the Government
aiming at promoting the human rights situation – Women rights , child rights and the rights of
disabled persons – Notifying the General Prosecution of the violations of human rights -
Intervening in the judicial case in support of the defendant upon his request (according to the
new constitution of 2014).
Address: 69 Giza St. – Giza – Great Cairo
Telephone: (+ 2-02) 37624850 - (+ 2-02) 37624851
Fax: (+ 2-02 ) 37624852
e-mail: nchr@nchr.org.eg
Website: www.nchregypt.org
NCHR Branches: Beni-Sueif – Sohag - Kafr El-Sheikh – Port-Said – Ismailiya
Committee in charge of the Universal Periodic Review:
A committee in charge of the Universal Periodic Review has been established in the NCHR
since 2009 in order to follow up the human rights situation in Egypt as well as the
implementation by the Government of the relating recommendations and the preparation of
the NCHR submission to the UPR.
The actual Committee is chaired by Ms. Mona Zulficar member of the NCHR Council.

2. Submission
Of the National Council for Human Rights
To the Universal Periodic Review Mechanism
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• The National Council for Human Rights (NCHR), prior to preparing this report, had
held several meetings with civil society organizations which were selected by taking
into consideration their geographic representation and diversity of the fields of their
activities with the view of having consultations on the NCHR program on citizenship
and human rights and to follow up the implementation of the 140 recommendations
accepted by Egypt in June 2010 out of a total of 165 recommendations. The report
records developments in the human rights situation during the period 2010-2014 and
how far these recommendations as well as the recommendations issued by the NCHR in
its program for citizenship and human rights were implemented.
First: Legal and Constitutional Framework
• Egypt has witnessed very important developments since the outbreak of the revolution
on January 25th
, 2011 when the Egyptian people took the streets calling for bread,
freedom, social justice and human dignity. Peaceful demonstrations and sit-ins
continued until they toppled former President Mubarak on the 11th
of February 2011.
• The situation continued to be too much confused and critical in the first year of the
transitional period during the Military Council’s rule. This period witnessed violations
of human rights due to excessive use of force by security forces against demonstrators
and the repeated clashes between demonstrators and sit-ins on the one hand and security
forces on the other hand which caused the death and injury of hundreds.
• During the rule of former President Morsi from June 2012 to the end of June 2013, this
situation persisted. Human rights violations took another turn where the former
president exceeded his constitutional powers and violated the principle of separation of
powers by issuing a constitutional declaration in November 2012 immunizing his
decrees against any revision including the judiciary rulings.
• The authorities did not intervene to prevent demonstrators from extremist Islamists
groups who surrounded the Supreme Constitutional Court, terrified its judges,
surrounded the Media Production City, and intimidated its media persons. In addition
there were the incidents of the Presidential Palace “El Ittehadeya” in December 2012 for
which the former president and some of his supporters were referred for trial on charges
of inciting the killing and torturing of peaceful demonstrators in sit-ins. The 2012
Constitution pushed the State of Law toward a religious State, opened the door for

3. discrimination against women, children and non-Muslims, limited rights and freedoms
and violated the independence of the judiciary.
• This situation led to the eruption of another wave of revolution on June 30th
, 2013
coupled with peaceful demonstrations as an expression of a popular sweeping will
backed by the armed forces which previously supported the 25th
of January revolution to
avert civil war. This wave led to the disposing of former President Morsi. The President
of the Higher Constitutional Court took over as interim president. A map for the future
was put in place defining the constitutional targets for the transitional period, namely:
amending the 2012 Constitution and holding presidential and parliamentary elections.
A referendum on the amended constitution was held on 14th
and 15th
January 2014. The
presidential election process starts in March 2013 to be followed by the parliamentary
elections.
• Consequent upon that, reactions from former President Morsi supporters in the form of
non-peaceful demonstrations and sit-ins, as well as violence against policemen and
police establishments took place where fire arms and weapons were used. Furthermore,
they disrupted public utilities and burned a large number of churches and annexed
buildings as well as houses and shops of Copts. Terrorist attacks raged also in Sinai
especially after dispersing “Rabaa” and “El Nahda” squares.
• The National Council for Human Rights formed 73 fact-finding missions to investigate
human rights violations since June 2010. They issued reports including the report on the
so-called “Camel battle”, Maspero incidents and the latest about the break-up of Rabaa
sit-in which was organized by the Muslim brotherhood. The NCHR report, released on
3/5/2014, states that the assembly continued for 48 days and was dispersed on 14/8/2013
by security forces who enforced the public prosecution decision. The assembly started
peacefully but was soon joined by armed individuals with fire arms which stripped it of
its peaceful nature. The report documented the disproportionate use of heavy fire by
security forces during the break-up of the assembly and its negligence for not giving the
sit-ins an enough time notice and not securing a safe passage. On the other hand the
report documented that leaders of the assembly committed crimes of torture, - killed 11
citizens and-violated the rights of the residents of Rabaa area, specially their rights to
safe living, housing and freedom of movement. The storming and the clashes between
the security forces and the armed individuals resulted in the killing of 632 persons
including 8 policemen. The NCHR is about to issue three fact-finding reports on
incidents of church burning, Kerdassah, and the vehicle deporting detainees.
• The National Council for Human Rights is of the view that the Constitution of 2014 is
advanced over previous constitutions as it emphasized the State’s commitment to
respect human rights and freedoms without any discrimination and to observe principles
of citizenship, democracy and rule of law. It also stipulates the State’s commitment to

4. achieve equality between men and women in all constitutional rights and to set up a
commission to guarantee equal opportunities among citizens without discrimination.
The constitution also underlines the protection of the rights of children, youths, aged,
the persons with disabilities, the poor and the marginalized, as well as fighting and
criminalizing torture, incitement of hatred and human trafficking. It provides clauses
guaranteeing the respect of rights and freedoms among which articles 92, 97, 93, 99 and
guarantees to apply social justice especially in education, health and housing.
• This requires the amendment of legislations or issuing new ones and -developing and
implementing policies in compliance with the new constitution.
• The new constitution states that the National Council for Human Rights enjoys
technical, financial and administrative independence and that the National Council for
Human Rights views will be sounded in respect to the draft laws relevant to its field.
The NCHR may report to the prosecution any violation of rights and freedoms and to
intervene in the civil law suit joining the defendant upon his request.
• The NCHR calls for speedy issuing of a package of legislations, especially amendments
relevant to crimes of torture, a commission for equal opportunities and non-
discrimination, freedom of press and media, building and restoration of churches,
transitional justice, independent election commission, freedom of syndicates, as well as
amending the law on non-governmental organizations, and also amending the law on
organizing demonstrations issued in November 2013 and the law establishing the
NCHR to be in compliance with the new constitution.
• It also calls on the government to promptly provide security in its comprehensive
concept, to emphasize the rule of law and respect of human rights, to improve the social
and economic conditions of the citizens, limit unemployment, and promote freedoms
including freedom of opinion and expression, as well as freedom of syndicates, apply
the minimum wage- and pension and develop shanty areas.
Second: Civil and Political Rights:
• Several legislations were issued and measures were taken to promote basic human rights
including the decree of law no 126 of 2011 issued on 15/10/2011 which amended the
penal code by devoting a whole separate chapter for crimes of “misdemeanors related to
religions and fighting discrimination” and adding a new article (161bis) which
criminalizes discrimination against citizens on basis of sex, origin, language-, color,
religion or creed. The law no 64 of 2010 on fighting human trafficking was also issued.
The national strategy for combating human trafficking was adopted. The law no 106 for
2013 issued on November 13, 2013 to fight corruption and conflict of interests of public

5. functions personnel. As for terminating the state of emergency, the Egyptian
government announced the termination on 14/11/2013 of the law on the state of
emergency in accordance with article 27 of the constitutional declaration issued on
8/7/2013 by the interim president. Moreover, article 154 of the 2014 constitution put an
end to the misuse of declaring the state of emergency to limit the rights and freedoms of
citizens which - was repeatedly opposed to by the NCHR since its inception. The article
stipulate-s that the president - declares the state of emergency for a period not exceeding
three months after sounding the cabinet’s view and securing the approval of the majority
of the House of Representatives members. It can only be extended for a similar period
with the approval of two-thirds of the House of Representatives.
• The NCHR demands the following from the government:
• Fighting torture: The NCHR reiterates its request for amending the penal code (law),
and the criminal procedure code regarding the crime of torture to be in line with the
2014 Constitution which criminalizes torture in all its forms and shapes and fights
getting away with punishment. The NCHR also calls for taking precautionary
measures against torture in jails and places of detention.
• Right to freedom and personal safety: The NCHR demands the immediate release of
those who are not found to be involved in a crime punishable by law, especially after
the 25th
January 2014. The Public Prosecution did set free a number of detained
students in response to complaints received by the NCHR. The NCHR also calls for
amendment of the criminal procedure code to be consistent with the 2014 constitution
in protecting personal freedom and acknowledging the right to direct claim in cases of
attacks on personal freedom or citizens’ privacy or torture. The code should enclose
guarantees of rights and freedoms according to the Constitution of 2014.
• Rights of prisoners and detainees: The NCHR calls for the amendment of prisons’ law
396 to be consistent with the 2014 constitution and international standards, especially
regarding places of detention, nutrition, health care and rehabilitation of prisoners.
• Right of assembly and peaceful demonstration: This right was violated by security
forces during the period covered by this report. In November 2013 a decree - law no
107 of 2013 was issued regulating the right to public meetings, rallies and peaceful
demonstrations. However, it did not account for all the reservations expressed by the
NCHR on the draft law. The Egyptian human rights organizations also rejected this
draft law believing that it restricts peaceful demonstrations. The NCHR calls for
amending the law according to its proposals to be consistent with the new constitution
and human rights international standards.

6. • Right to freedom of belief and practice of religious rites: The 2014 Constitution
emphasizes that freedom of belief is absolute. According to the same constitution,
freedoms to practice religious rites and build places of worship for heavenly religions
are guaranteed. However, while the constitution does not ban the practice of religious
rites, by other non-heavenly religious believers, in special places, this text may be
misused in discrimination against them.
• Right to just and fair trial: The NCHR calls for amending the pleading law and the
penal procedure law to promote fair and prompt trial and for avoiding slow litigation.
It also calls for increasing the number of judges and technical assistance and services
provided to judges. It also demands to speed up a legislative amendment to define
crimes of direct attack on military establishments and military personnel during the
performance of their duties. These are the crimes stipulated in the 2014 Constitution
for trying civilians before military Court, as an exception to the original rule which is
trying civilians before their natural judge. The NCHR demands that this be applied
only at times of war and mobilization and armed conflicts in accordance with
international standards. The NCHR demands as well for issuing a law for combatting
terrorism to protect the nation and citizens without infringing on the citizens’ rights
and freedoms.
• Freedom to form political parties: Following the January 25th
revolution, the number
of political parties exceeded seventy. The NCHR demands amending the law
regulating the political parties in accordance with the 2014 Constitution which
emphasizes the right to form political parties by notification and encloses guarantees
against using them for sectarian strife or discrimination against citizens. It also
stipulates that it is not allowed to practice any political activities or set up political
parties on religious basis or distinction on basis of sex, origin, sectarian or
geographical basis. Also, no political parties practicing anti-democratic activities or
underground, or military or semi-military activities are allowed.
• Right to form - associations and organizations: The period from 2010-2014 witnessed
the trial of a number of representatives of Egyptian and international human rights
organizations following the storming of their premises by security forces. The NCHR
demands issuing a new law according to the 2014 Constitution which affirms the
right to form non-governmental organizations by notification and the right to practice
freely their activities without interference by administrative authorities. The law also
stresses that these organizations and their board of directors or trustees cannot be
dissolved except by a judicial ruling. Representatives of the NCHR joined the
Committee formed by the Ministry of Social Solidarity last December 2013 to prepare
a new draft law in line with the constitution.

7. • Freedom of opinion and expression: The presidential decree issued in July 2012
annulled protective custody in press crimes. Another presidential decree was issued in
August 2013 amending the penal code by annulling the imprisonment penalty in
crimes of offending the president. The 2014 Constitution also confirms the annulment
of the imprisonment penalty in crimes committed due to publication or publicity
including that of artistic or literary or intellectual overt production, while the
penalties regarding the crimes related to instigating violence, or discrimination
between citizens or defaming or slandering the reputation of individuals are
determined by the law . The constitution also provides guarantees to limit judicial
claims against writers and thinkers and to guarantee freedom of information. The
NCHR demands the prompt issuing of legislations necessary to consolidate freedom
of circulation of information, freedom of opinion and expression according to the
Constitution and take therein the necessary measures to observe these freedoms.
• Free and fair elections: Several legislative amendments were issued to guarantee free
and fair elections following the 25th
January revolution including the right to elect
with the ID, updating the election tables, allowing Egyptian expatriates to practice
their right to election and participate in referendums outside Egypt, as well as
acknowledging the right of local and international non-governmental organizations to
monitor the elections. Local and foreign human rights organizations and international
bodies did supervise elections as well as referendums on the 2012 and 2014
constitutions. The NCHR also demands for amending laws regulating the practice of
political rights, elections of the House of Representatives in order to ensure women’s
representation with not less than one-third in accordance with international standards,
and appropriate representation of youths, Christians, persons with disabilities,
Egyptians abroad, workers and farmers according to the new constitution. It also
demands the issuing of a law establishing the independent electoral authority and the
formation of its structural body. The NCHR also demands, until the establishment of
this authority, to provide an effective mechanism ensuring law enforcement to counter
all violations in all phases of the election process and to respond to complaints
referred to it by the civil society organizations especially those related to religious
discrimination and the use of places of worship and money to influence voters.
• Rights of Egyptian expatriates: The government has set up an authority for the
wellbeing of Egyptian expatriates, but it has to enact its role in protecting the rights of
Egyptians working abroad and guarantee their constitutional right to election.
• Rights of refugees: The NCHR calls on the government to protect the rights of
refugees, to revise Egypt’s reservations on the 1951 Refugee Convention, to issue the
necessary relevant legislations and to provide guarantees for treating refugees on
human rights basis.

8. Third: The Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
• The NCHR continues to record increased rates of poverty and low rate of economic
growth since January 2011 as a result of the circumstances of the transitional period
which impacted negatively on the economic, social and cultural rights.
• The government has taken several measures such as the minimum and maximum wages
decision in September 2013 which increased the minimum wage while limiting the
maximum wage of government employees to be 30 times the minimum wage which is
contrary to the ILO standards. The government also started implementing a program for
social housing for low income groups, and the construction of new cities and villages in
the desert hinterland to limit the erosion of the agricultural land. The government
continued implementing projects for developing shanty areas, raising pensions,
expanding social security network and selling basic goods at reduced prices in
consumers’ societies. The government has prepared a draft law for syndicates’
freedoms consistent with the 2014 Constitution and the ILO conventions.
• However, the government’s efforts are still insufficient. It should increase fighting
poverty projects, increase job opportunities, provide high quality education in the public
education institutions to qualify graduates for the job market. It should also promote
good quality health care, overcome illiteracy according to a time table, and put an end to
the problem of shanty areas which according to some estimates hold more than 15
million persons. Furthermore, it should provide safe public transportation, healthy
houses for the poor and develop the in –kind subsidy system to ensure it reaches those
entitled to it.
• The 2014 Constitution guarantees these rights- as it states commitment to guarantee
equal opportunities, fair distribution of development growth returns, and the right of
each citizen to healthy and sufficient food and clean water. It also guarantees a
percentage of government expenditure on health care of not less than 3% of the GDP
while providing guarantees for quality, accessibility, comprehensive health insurance,
and rights of the aged to a proper pension and a decent life.
The Constitution also stipulates the right to education specifying its goals among which
underlining the concepts of citizenship, tolerance and non-discrimination. It extends
compulsory and free education until the end of the secondary stage in the public
education institutions. It also allocates a percentage of not less than 4% of the GDP for
education and not less than 2% of the GDP for university education, and not less than 1%
for scientific research and the commitment to develop a comprehensive plan to overcome
alphabetical and digital illiteracy.
• Rights of women:

9. The National Council for Women prepared a draft law in 2013 to combat violence against
women which the NCHR demands to be promptly issued. It also prepared a draft law for
women’s political participation to be formulated within the social economic and political
policies and programs to be adopted by the government bodies. The State applied a
gender approach planning to narrow the gender gap. However, this gap is still wide,
especially in the field of illiteracy and school dropouts, poverty, and unemployment,
occupation of higher posts and in the judiciary and parliamentary representation as well
as representation in the constitution drafting committees.
• The 2014 Constitution provides for the principles of equality and equal opportunities
among citizens. It also stipulates the State’s obligation to achieve equality between
women and men regarding all constitutional rights and undertake arrangements for a
proper women’s representation in legislative assemblies and to ensure women’s right to
public jobs, higher administrative posts and appointment in judiciary bodies without any
discrimination. The Constitution also stipulates the State’s commitment to protect
women against all sorts of violence, to offer care and protection to female bread-
winners, the aged and most needy, and allocate one quarter of the seats of local councils
for women.
22. Children’s rights: The NCHR notes, despite the government’s efforts to guarantee
children’s rights specially providing free and increased number of snacks for school
children and despite the National Council for Childhood & Motherhood plan and
projects to protect children against violence and school dropouts, the increased number
of dropouts and increased rate of dwarfism. It also records the suffering of street
children who, according to some estimates, reach more than 2 million children. It also
notes the phenomenon of political exploitation of children, child’s labor which deprives
children from education plus exposing them to health hazards and violence in addition
to the continuance of female circumcision. The NCHR calls for a comprehensive
strategy to face these major problems with more effective methods. The Constitution of
2014 was fair to children stipulating the child’s right to a name and identity papers,
health and family care, basic nutrition and the State’s guarantee for the rights of the
children with disabilities, rehabilitating them and integrating them into society. It also
stipulates commitment to protect the child against all forms of violence, sexual
exploitation and trade, to ban child’s labor before completing elementary school and
ban employing him in risk-related jobs.
23. Rights of Persons with Disabilities: The National Council for Persons with Disabilities
was established in April 2012, to ensure their rights. Its role should be effective. The
NCHR has also established a unit for persons with disabilities in 2012.The NCHR urges
the Government to issue legislation and take appropriate measures to put the provisions
of the 2014 Constitution in place regarding the political, economic and social rights of
persons with disabilities.

10. Fourth: Dissemination of Human Rights
24. The government pays attention to the dissemination of human rights. It holds training
programs for police officers and policemen, as well as for judges and members of the
Public Prosecution.
25. The Ministry of Education implements a human rights program within the school
curriculum and another program to promote human rights and equality between students
of both genders, and also the Ministry of Culture holds cultural activities on citizenship
and children’s rights and holds symposiums for women.
26. On its part, the NCHR pursues its activities aiming at raising awareness of human rights
through educational training programs and seminars organized for different categories of
the society. It also organizes contests on information related to human rights through
radio services in addition of organizing training courses in favor of civil society
organizations on election monitoring.
27. The NCHR also demands the Government to continue its efforts to disseminate human
rights in addition to adopting creative policies using the media, drama, mosques,
churches and clubs.
Fifth: International Commitment and Optional Pledges
28. The NCHR welcomes the government’s invitation to special rapporteurs on violence
against women, on truth and justice, on compensations and guarantees against repetition
of human rights violations, on children trafficking and the independent expert on the
impact of foreign debts and other financial liabilities on human rights. The NCHR calls
on the government to respond to the requests of the Special Rapporteur on combating
torture and the Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression, as well as the
Special Rapporteur to the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental
freedoms while countering terrorism.
29. The NCHR also calls on the government to submit reports to the treaty bodies concerned
with following up the implementation of international conventions on human rights.
30. The NCHR demands the following:
• To access the optional protocols annexed to regional and international conventions
such as the optional protocol of the Convention on Anti-Torture (2002) and the
optional protocol of the International Covenant of social, economic and cultural
rights.
• To withdraw reservations on international conventions such as the reservations on
articles 2 and 16 of the Convention on Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination
against Women (CEDAW), especially after adopting the 2014 Constitution.
• To access to the international, regional, Arab and African Conventions which
contribute to promote and protect human rights, among which the International
Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
(2006), the protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the
Rights of Women in Africa (2003), the African Tribunal for Human Rights and
Peoples.

11. • The NCHR calls on the Egyptian government and the Office of the UN High
Commissioner for Human Rights to accelerate the signature of the agreement of
the Regional Head -quarters of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
Office in Cairo.
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