Report for BMI and BMR

FIRST LEGACY
BMI & BMR Calculator
 BMI (Body Mass Index) calculator is important
for human as they can measure body shape
based on individual’s mass and height.
 BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) is the rate
of energy expenditure by humans at rest, and is
measured in kJ per hour per kg body mass

FIRST LEGACY
BMI and BMR Calculator
2
Report Outline
No. Contents Pages
1. Introduction
- Company History
- Background of program
- Idea
- Target User
3-6
2. Objectives 7-8
3. Organization Chart 9
4. Task allocation 10
5. Problem statement 11
6. Design of Program
- Flow Chart
- User Manual
- Source Code for BMI and BMR Calculator
- Sample (Console Screenshot)
13-32
7. Implementation 33
8. Advantages and Limitations 34
9. Future Works 35
10. Conclusion 36

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INTRODUCTION
Company History
Our company was lead by Prof Tan Sri Hafizd Zulhasni Bin Ismail Sainny. He was
graduated from Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) in 2001. He was a holder of Master
Degree In Computer Science (Programming). He had 7 years working experience in big
company related to programming. Then, he decided to run a company that focused on
computer programming projects in Sarawak. The company had been named “First Legacy”
company. This company consists of 10 workers that are expertise in different aspects. There
are 3 departments in “First Legacy” company. Firstly, Department of Marketing consists of
three people which are degree holder in Business studies. Next, the Administration
Department also consists of three experienced workers who are Degree Holder of Human
Resource from UNIMAS to ensure the management flows well. The third department is
Programmer Department which has four software engineers that undergoes special interview
also have a Degree from UNIMAS. The interview has been designed to ensure that this new
established company is able to cope with important projects.
Our company had collaborated with Medical Department UNIMAS. We were asked to
develop a BMI and BMR calculator for usage of UNIMAS students especially. The Medical
Department of UNIMAS wants to ensure that each of UNIMAS students can have and
maintain their ideal BMI and BMR range. Thus, the Medical Department of UNIMAS had
asked our company personally to develop a new BMI and BMR calculator for their students to
use. Our CEO agreed with the collaboration to develop a new BMI and BMR calculator made
personally for them in order to make our company a successful company.
Firstly, our company representative, Prof Tan Sri Hafizd Zulhasni Bin Ismail Sainny,
the CEO of First Legacy Company make a deal with the Medical Department of UNIMAS so
that the process to develop a BMI and BMR calculator for them will run smoothly and legal.
Then this project is lead by our Senior Programmer who is the Manager of the ICT
Department, Nurul Mirza Afiqah Binti Tajudin. She has to lead the team that consists of
experts from Department of Programming, Department of Administration and Department of
Marketing. All of the departments will then do their job based on their expertise area in the
company to ensure that the project that we obtained could be finished before the due date.

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Background of System
BMI (Body Mass Index) and BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) calculator is quite
important for human as they can measure body shape based on individual’s age, mass, height
and activity level. The general formula used in calculating body mass index is
BMI=
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝑘𝑔)
(ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡(𝑚))2. This shows that BMI is important to determine the body fat percentage
among ratios of height and weight. This program is developed through computer
programming. Computer programming is a process that started from original formulation of a
computing problem to executable programs. The reason for doing programming in this project
is to find a sequence of instructions that will be performing as a specific task will be given.
Our idea is to develop BMI (Body Mass Index) and BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)
calculator by using Microsoft Visual Studio. We used the C++ code to develop this program.
The program will benefit the user as they can monitor their fat percentage and their daily
calories requirement. In other words, for BMI, the progress of their ratio between mass and
height can be checked consistently. As for the BMR calculator, the factors that should be
taken into consideration are age, height, weight and their daily life especially in exercising.
This program can be used by both genders, either male or female. There is no difference in
calculating the BMI for genders. However, there is a slight difference in calculating the BMR
for male and female. In order to overcome this problem, our group has improvised the
programs so that we can develop a better BMI and BMR calculator. This program is suitable
to be used by wide range of ages. Thus, children and also older people are encouraged to use
this calculator.
Thus, this BMI and BMR calculator is suitable to be used for many categories of
people such that from obese people up to athlete. This program can be easily implemented in
many fields and not only focusing on medical field instead, but this BMI and BMR calculator
can be used for sport purpose. It is also convenient to be used in home scale.

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IDEA
Our general idea is to create the BMI and BMR calculator. Hence, we use several
formulas to get the right calculations. Not many people realized that this calculator will
definitely be a big help to those who want to diet. Besides, this BMI and BMR calculator will
definitely be a big help if it could be done since this is the first time and we are trying to
create a simple yet useful calculator for everyone. Judging from everyone opinions, we try to
make it as a user friendly application. We take as much time as possible to create this so that
this calculator works perfectly when it is going to be used by our clients. This application was
tried several times by our workers to ensure the management that it is working perfectly fine.

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TARGET USER
Overall, we targeted the students of UNIMAS and staffs to use this program from 18
years old and above. Besides that, we also hope that their family could use this program as
well. This is because we think the more people use this program the better it is as they could
ensure that this program works perfectly fine. However, if we see that there are people who
wanted this program to be globalized, we will not hesitate to let everyone used it. Based on
our target, we want to create as many healthy global citizens as possible. Hence, we will try
our best to develop and improve this calculator from time to time.
Other than that, we hope that this program could be one of the most helpful programs
in improving people’s life. This shows that we want as many people as possible to use it.
Starting from at the age of 18 to 50 especially could use this calculator without facing a
problem. This is because the BMI for kids especially is hard to determine as they keep
growing.

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OBJECTIVES
The objectives of our team in the company are as following:
1. To manage the IT department as well as possible.
2. To increase the awareness of overweight and obesity as a major public health threat.
3. To increase the proportion of persons who know the health risks (hypertension, insulin
resistance, etc.) and diseases (i.e., diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis,
asthma, and disability) associated with overweight and obesity.
4. To increase early recognition of overweight and/or excessive weight gain.
5. To increase the proportion of adults who know their own weight status (based on
BMI) and their children's weight status (based on gender-specific BMI-for-age
percentile).
6. To increase understanding and use of BMI and BMR by the general population
7. To increase the proportion of pregnant of woman who gains the optimal recommended
amount of weight (as defined by Institute of Medicine (IOM) Guidelines) based on a
woman's pre-pregnant weight during their pregnancies.
8. To increase awareness and knowledge about healthy eating.
9. To increase the proportion of persons counseled about the benefits of eating healthy
and using food appropriately.
10. To use social marketing strategies to increase the knowledge and awareness of the
benefits of healthy food choices that are culturally-appropriate and tailored to specific
populations, particularly low-income groups, minorities and those at increased risk of
obesity.
11. To increase the proportion of persons aged 2 years and older who consume at least
three daily servings of vegetables, with at least one-third being dark green or orange
vegetables and at least 2 servings per day of fruits

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12. To increase lifelong physical activity.
13. To increase the proportion of adolescents and adults aware of current physical activity
guidelines and recommendations.
14. To increase the number (proportion) of healthcare providers who use effective
methods to encourage patients to increase physical activity levels
15. To increase the proportion of worksites offering employer-sponsored physical activity
and fitness programs
16. To increase and maintain effective public health responses to the obesity epidemic.
17. To expand surveillance and program evaluation to prevent overweight and obesity.

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9
ORGANIZATION CHART
ICT Department of First Legacy Company
Department of Programmer
En Muhammad Tauffiq bin
Khirham
Puan Dayangku Shahrina
Binti Awang Kok Omar
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
Prof Tan Sri Hafizd Zulhasni Bin Ismail Sainny
ICT Department
Manager of ICT Department (Senior Programmer)
Dato’ Seri Nurul Mirza Afiqah Binti Tajudin
Department of Administration
Ir Muhammad Firdaus bin
Khoirunnizam
En Mohammad Zul Akmal bin
Johan
Department of Marketing
Prof. Madya Nurazizah binti
Yaman
Cik Amanina binti Abdul
Rahman
Manager Department of
Administration.
Datuk Amirul Hazizie bin
Hamdan
Programmer
Datuk Jacqueline Teo
Marketing
Datin Nur Fatmadewi binti
Dollah Chek

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TASK ALLOCATION
Team Person In Charge Task
Presentation  Nur Fatmadewi binti Dollah Chek
 Nurazizah binti Yaman
 Amanina binti Abdul Rahman
 Hafizd Zulhasni bin Ismail Sainny
 Making short introduction
 Making PowerPoint
 Managing the presentation of
team member
Editorial  Amirul Hazizie bin Hamdan
 Muhammad Firdaus bin
Khoirunnizam
 Mohammad Zul Akmal bin Johan
 Making screenshots
 Designing
Programming  Nurul Mirza Afiqah Binti Tajudin
 Muhammad Tauffiq bin Khirham
 Dayangku Shahrina Binti Awang
Kok Omar
 Jacqueline Teo
 Creating the system using
Microsoft Visual
 Managing the system

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11
PROBLEM STATEMENT
When we first started this project, we realize that we will face a lot of problems such
as understanding C++ code. As there are several ways to create the program, we are not able
to differentiate the C code and C++ code. Other than that we also realized that it will take to
create this program. We are afraid that we could not make it on time.
Among the problems of BMI is that it can't count for weight that comes from muscle
instead of fat. Athletes and naturally muscular people will not get accurate BMI scores, nor
will apparently slender individuals who carry excess body fat around their waists. As an
individual measurement, BMI is not as helpful as body fat percentage tests.
A measurement based on height will also be affected by age and gender. According to
the BMI charts, a score of less than 18.5 indicates that a person is underweight. Scores
between 18.5 and 24.9 are normal. A score of 25 and above indicates that a person is
overweight, and a score of 30 or more indicates obesity. In university, there are a lot of people
which have the same height and body shape but different ages, so we cannot consider if the
person of a young man is obesity.
BMI and BMR have limitations. Because it is not a measure of body fatness, very
muscular individuals often fall into the overweight category when they are not overly fat.
Additionally, BMI may place individuals who have lost muscle into the healthy weight
category. Measuring BMI for very short people or pregnant women is not appropriate. It is
believed that excessive abdominal fat is more health threatening than hip or thigh fat. A
woman with a waist circumference greater than 35 inches and a man with a waist
circumference of greater than 40 inches may be at an increased risk for developing high blood
pressure, stroke and heart disease.
BMI and BMR measurement does not provide any information regarding where body
fat is stored. When two people with exactly the same BMI and BMR can have very different
patterns of body fat distribution and thus very different risk of cardiovascular disease and risk
of developing two types of diabetes such as Subcutaneous Obesity and Visceral obesity.

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DESIGN OF PROGRAM

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Flow Chart
Rough Ideas

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YES
YES
NO
NO
Are you Pre-
University students?
Insert Matrix Number
Gender
Insert age
Insert height in cm
Insert weight in kg
Choose Activity Level
Result
Insert new value
Insert Identity Card
End

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More Detailed Flow Chart

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A=5
A=4
A=3
A=2
A=1
A=5
A=4
A=3
A=2
A=1
others
others
2
1
2=Female 1=Male
No
Yes
Pre-university students?
Matric index
I.C. index
Print“You are
neither UNIMAS
students nor
Malaysian.”
Gender?
Age
Height,h (cm)
Weight,w (kg)
bmr=447.593+(9
.247*w)+(3.098*
h)-(4.330*age)
bmr=88.362+(13
.397*w)+(4.799*
h)-(5.677*age)
BMI=w/(h/100)2
calories = bmr*1.2
calories = bmr*1.375
calories = bmr*1.55
calories = bmr*1.9
Print BMI
and body
conditions
calories = bmr*1.2
calories = bmr*1.55
calories = bmr*1.9
Print BMR and
Calories
Print BMR and
Calories
Insert new
values
Print value
inserted for
gender is
invalid.
*note:A isactivity
Activity?
Print “The
value inserted
is invalid.”
Print “The
value inserted
is invalid.”

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User Manual
1. First, debug the code.
2. Identify whether you are UNIMAS pre-university student.
3. If you choose NO, you will need to enter your identity card index.
4. If you choose YES, you will need to enter your matric index.

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5. Then, you will need to specify your gender.
6. Next, you are required to insert your age, height (cm) and weight (kg).

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7. After that, you have to choose your activity level.

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8. Then, the BMI and BMR will be printed out. You will also be asked whether you want
to input new values.

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9. If you choose YES, the following will show again, starting from the identification of
pre-university student.
10. If choose NO, the following will be printed out.

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Source code for BMI and BMR calculator
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void main()
{
int gender; //declare variables
float h;
float w;
float bmr;
int repeat;
int age;
int activity;
float calories;
float bmi;
int matric;
int index;
int preu;
printf("Universiti Malaysia Sarawakn"); //our client
printf("UNIIMAS HEALTH DEPARTMENTn");
printf("Body Mass Index and Basal Metabolic Rate Calculatorn"); //title
printf("nCreated by FIRST LEGACY company.n"); //our company
printf("nThis Body Mass Index calculator is to calculate and state the body condition of a
person.nn"); //introduction b.m.i
printf("This Basal Metabolic Rate calculator is to calculate the number of calories nrequired in order
to keep your body functioning when you are at rest which also nknown as your metabolism.nn");
//introduction b.m.r
do
{
printf("nAre you Unimas pre-university student?"); //identification
printf("n1-yes, 2-no");
printf("nI am : ");

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scanf("%d", &preu);
if (preu==1)
{
printf("nPlease insert your matric index : A"); //matric
scanf("%d", &matric); //wait for user input
}
else if (preu==2)
{
printf("nPlease insert your Identity Card index : "); //identity card index
scanf("%d", &index); //wait for user input
}
else
{
printf("nYou are neither a UNIMAS pre-university student nor a Malaysian."); //if not
both
}
printf("nPlease specify your gender.n"); //gender
printf("1-Malen");
printf("2-Femalen");
printf("nI am : ");
scanf("%d", &gender); //wait for user input
printf("nPlease enter your age (years) : "); //age
scanf("%d", &age); //wait for user input
printf("nPlease enter your height (cm) : "); //height
scanf("%f", &h); //wait for user input
printf("nPlease enter your weight (kg) : "); //weight
scanf("%f", &w); //wait for use input

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printf("nPlease choose your activity level.n"); //the activity level is based on one's life
printf("1-I am sedentary (little or no exercise).n");
printf("2-I am lightly active (light exercise or sports 1-3 days per week).n");
printf("3-I am moderately active (moderate exercise or sports 3-5 days per week).n");
printf("4-I am very active (hard exercise or sports 6-7 days per week).n");
printf("5-I am super active (very hard exercise or sports and a physical job or 2 times
training).n");
printf("nI am : ");
scanf("%d", &activity); //wait for user input
bmi=w/((h/100)*(h/100)); //calculate b.m.i
printf("nnYour B.M.I is %.2f kg/m^2nn",bmi); //prints b.m.i
//the condition of body is print.
if (bmi<18.5)
{
printf("You are underweight.n");
printf("You need to eat more.nGood Luck!n");
}
else if (bmi>18.5&&bmi<25)
{
printf("You are healthy.n");
printf("You have lead a good life.nCongratulation!n");
}
else if (bmi>25&&bmi<30)
{
printf("You are slightly overweight.n");
printf("You should start exercise to lose some weight.nGood luck!n");
}
else if (bmi>30)
{
printf("You are overweight.aan");

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25
printf("You need to exercise more.nGood luck!n");
}
else
{
printf("The value inserted is invalid.n");
}
//based on gender, the b.m.r is calculated
if (gender==1) //for male
{
bmr=88.362+(13.397*w)+(4.799*h)-(5.677*age); //formula for b.m.r for male
printf("nYour B.M.R. is %.1f calories a day.n", bmr); //prints b.m.r
//based on activity, the daily calories requirement is calculated.
if (activity==1) //little or no exercise
{
calories = bmr*1.2;
printf("Your daily calories requirement is %.1f calories or kJ.n",calories);
}
else if (activity==2) //light exercise
{
calories = bmr*1.375;
}
else if (activity==3) //moderate exercise
{
}
else if (activity==4) //hard exercise

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26
{
}
else if (activity==5) //very hard exercise
{
calories = bmr*1.9;
}
else
{
printf("The value you inserted for age, height or weight cannot be read.n");
}
}
else if (gender==2) //for female
{
bmr=447.593+(9.247*w)+(3.098*h)-(4.330*age); //formula tor b.m.r for female
printf("nYour B.M.R. is %.1f calories a day.nn", bmr); //prints b.m.r
//based on activity, the daily calories requirement is calculated.
if (activity==1) //little or no exercise
{
calories = bmr*1.2;
}
else if (activity==2) //light exercise
{
}
else if (activity==3) //moderate exercise

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27
{
}
else if (activity==4) //hard exercise
{
}
else if (activity==5) //very hard exercise
{
calories = bmr*1.9;
}
else
{
printf("The value you inserted for age, height or weight cannot be read.n");
}
}
else //gender input other than 1 and 2
{
printf("The value you inserted for gender is invalid.n");
}
printf("Thank you for using this programme.n"); //greetings
printf("nDo you want to input new values?n"); //asking whether to repeat or not
printf("1-yesn");
printf("2-non");
printf("nMy choice : ");
scanf("%d",&repeat); //1 to repeat
}
while (repeat==1); //asking for repetition

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system("PAUSE");
}

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Sample (Console Screenshot)

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IMPLEMENTATION
Before this, many students wanted to know their BMI value and which range they
are. Medical Department of UNIMAS faced problem when dealing with Body Mass Index
(BMI) and Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) calculation. They have to calculate the BMI and
BMR manually. This way cost more time. In order to save time and they can monitor the BMI
and BMR of the UNIMAS students regularly, we agree to help to develop a new simple BMI
and BMR calculator for them.
We develop a BMI and BMR calculator that has been specially designed for both
male and female genders. The calculator is user-friendly as it can be implemented in
UNIMAS. The calculator can be used without help from a doctor. This friendly BMI and
BMR calculator is a simple, quick calculation meant for use in classifying people who are not
physically active and who have an average body composition, and is generally considered a
good indicator of whether you're at a healthy, normal weight for your height. Numerous
research studies have related BMI, especially the degree of overweight, to an increased risk of
developing various diseases as well as premature death. So, due to the hectic schedule as a
University student, most of them don’t have a time to consult doctor to undergo medical
check-up for their BMI and BMR status. The Medical Department will put at least one BMI
and BMR calculator at each faculty and residential colleague so that every students can
monitor their own BMI and BMR status.
To enhance our calculator, we also develop BMR calculator. Basal Metabolic Rate
(BMR) calculator is used to calculate the amount of calories burnt even when the students are
resting. This is important as not all students doing workouts or sport activities. Plus, this helps
student to plan their activity as students also need to concentrate on their studies and other
activities.
The Department of Programming will create a program of BMI and BMR
calculator. After installing this new BMI and BMR calculator our team from Department of
Marketing will demonstrate and explain to our customers about this BMI and BMR
calculator. Finally, a team from Department of Administration will make a report on this new
BMI and BMR calculator on its limitation, advantages and improvement on this new BMI and
BMR calculator. They also will monitor this BMI calculator each 5 months.

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34
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
The system of calculating BMI and BMR in UNIMAS need to be developed so that
students are able to achieve ideal BMI and BMR and in the same time trying to maintain their
figure. Based on our research, we noticed that there are advantages and disadvantages in
developing the project. But, it is a norm that a thing may have its own strength and weakness.
For advantages of the calculator, a student can practice on how to use these BMI and
BMR calculator. The student only needs to put in the value of his or her age, height and
weight. The result obtained is really easy to understand. There are only BMI and BMR values
that printed out on the screen rather than showing complicated calculations. The procedure of
weighing body only needs little effort. Furthermore, it saves time by only standing on
weighing scale.
Apart from that, the calculator still has its own weakness. Take example as athlete
required to calculate his or her BMI. Since the athlete have regular exercise routine, muscle
and skeletal weight of that particular athlete may vary from normal person. Thus, BMI taken
may be not accurate since many internal factors such as water and skeletal height need to be
measured separately by using other test. This will improve the accuracy of data obtained.

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35
FUTURE WORKS
For our future work, we want to create a file where all the data can be stored. The
data that has been mentioned earlier is regarding the record of UNIMAS students and staffs
BMI and BMR especially. By using only identity card index, we hope that we could create so
that people can think that health is very important in one’s life. The creation of this data will
be using Microsoft Access where all the data can be observed and printed. With this simple
creation the UNIMAS Medical Department can have all the data of the students.
Other than that, the data will be a big help for the Medical Department staffs to
monitor the student’s daily life. They will be able to advise them on what they should do to
get an ideal body as well as their daily calories requirement.
As many know, there are a lot of health calculators. With this, we could create a
perfect health calculator. We hope that we can add a lot more calculations in our BMI and
BMR calculator. This will totally be a big help to the students and staffs.

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CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this BMI calculator will give a lot of benefits which consists quick
relation between weight and height for students in UNIMAS. This system is simple and it
would make their works to become easier. The system also saves cost and time. The purpose
of it to make sure that the student can maintain their health and live in healthy life.
Other than that, Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) allow student to measure the energy the student
spend their energy during rest. During student’s leisure time, it is important for student to
calculate their BMR so that they know how much calories that have burned out to estimate
their activities. Definitely, students do not have much time to do some exercise. Thus, with
BMR calculator, it is easier for students to plan their activities to prevent from overtired.
We really hope that this BMI and BMR calculator that we have created will bring
great success to our company. Our company had given our best and great effort to create this
BMI and BMR calculator, so that it would be the best tool that any company could ever have.

Report for BMI and BMR

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