Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions.
The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver).
A commonly applied definition of tissue engineering, as stated by Langer and Vacanti is “An interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve [Biological tissue] function or a whole organ”
TISSUE DEVELOPMENT WITH TISSUE ENGINEERING APPROACHFelix Obi
Tissue Engineering is the development and practice of combining scaffolds, cells, and suitable biochemical factors (regulatory factors or Signals) into functional tissues. The goal of tissue engineering is to assemble functional constructs that restore, maintain, or improve damaged tissues or whole organs.
Cells are the building blocks of tissue, and tissues are the basic unit of function in the body. Generally, groups of cells make and secrete their own support structures, called extracellular matrix. This matrix, or scaffold, does more than just support the cells; it also acts as a relay station for various signaling molecules. Thus, cells receive messages from many sources that become available from the local environment. Each signal can start a chain of responses that determine what happens to the cell. By understanding how individual cells respond to signals, interact with their environment, and organize into tissues and organisms, Tissue Engineers are now able to manipulate these processes to amend damaged tissues or even create new ones.
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions.
The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver).
A commonly applied definition of tissue engineering, as stated by Langer and Vacanti is “An interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve [Biological tissue] function or a whole organ”
TISSUE DEVELOPMENT WITH TISSUE ENGINEERING APPROACHFelix Obi
Tissue Engineering is the development and practice of combining scaffolds, cells, and suitable biochemical factors (regulatory factors or Signals) into functional tissues. The goal of tissue engineering is to assemble functional constructs that restore, maintain, or improve damaged tissues or whole organs.
Cells are the building blocks of tissue, and tissues are the basic unit of function in the body. Generally, groups of cells make and secrete their own support structures, called extracellular matrix. This matrix, or scaffold, does more than just support the cells; it also acts as a relay station for various signaling molecules. Thus, cells receive messages from many sources that become available from the local environment. Each signal can start a chain of responses that determine what happens to the cell. By understanding how individual cells respond to signals, interact with their environment, and organize into tissues and organisms, Tissue Engineers are now able to manipulate these processes to amend damaged tissues or even create new ones.
Characterization of effective mechanical strength of chitosan porous tissue s...ijbesjournal
Tissue engineering can be understand as the development of functional substitute to replace missing or malfunctioning human tissue and organs by using biodegradable or non-biodegradable biomaterials such
as scaffolds to direct specific cell types to organize into three dimensional structures and perform
differentiated function of targeted tissue. The important factors to be considered in designing of
microstructure and there structure material were type of bio-material porosity, pore size, and pore
structure with respect to nutrient supply for transplanted and regenerated cells. Performance of various
functions of the tissue structure depends on porous scaffold microstructures with dimensions of specific
porosity, pore size, characteristics that influence the behaviorand development of the incorporated cells.
Finite element Methods (FEM) and Computer Aided Design (CAD) combines with manufacturing
technologies such as Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) helpful to allow virtual design and fabrication,
characterization and production of porous scaffold optimized for tissue replacement with appropriate pore
size and proper dimension. In this paper we found that with the increase in the porosity of tissue
scaffolds(PCL, HAP, PGAL & Chitosan) their effective mechanical strength decreases by performing the
modeling & simulation with CAD & FEM package (Pro/E & ANSYS respectively) and validating the results with in vitro fabrication of Chitosan scaffold by performing in vivo mechanical testing.
3D Bio-printing of cells, tissue and organs. Bioprinting (also known as 3D bioprinting) is combination of 3D printing with biomaterials to replicate parts that imitate natural tissues, bones, and blood vessels in the body. It is mainly used in connection with drug research and most recently as cell scaffolds to help repair damaged ligaments and joints.
The definition of tissue engineering, according to International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), is “to use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials, and suitable biochemical and physiochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions
The void between preclinical testing and clinical trials of drugs reveals a crucial roadblock to efficient drug discovery. This plan defines an apporach to bioengineer structurally representative human tissues in vitro using the power of outstanding international academic collaborations.
collaboration
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine Suman Nandy
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological tissues. Tissue engineering involves the use of a scaffold for the formation of new viable tissue for a medical purpose.
Curso sobre biofabricação de tecidos do Núcleo de Tecnologias Tridimensionais (NT3D) do Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer. Os assuntos abordados incluem os seguintes tópicos:
•Conceitos da bioimpressão e biofabricação de tecidos;
•Engenharia tecidual;
•Tecnologias envolvidas;
•O papel da tecnologia da informação na bioimpressão de tecidos;
•Projetos desenvolvidos no Brasil e no mundo sobre bioimpressão de tecidos.
Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules and responsible for almost all cellular functions .Protein homeostasis (or proteostasis) is state of a balanced proteome, , depends on an extensive network of different types molecular chaperones, proteolytic systems (e.g. proteosome, autophagy) and their regulators. The dysfunction in proteostasis, leading to formation of misfolded proteins or the accumulation of protein aggregates which leads to many diseases e.g. sickle cell anaemia ; neurodegenerative diseases. Also The chaperon dysfunction leads to diseases called chaperonopathy e.g. Neurodegenerative diseases, cancers. .The pharmacological intervention to treat proteostasis dysfunction diseases are pharmacological chaperones, chemical chaperon, Heat shock transcription factor-1 activator; chaperon inhibitors,proteosome inhibitors and autophagy enhancers (activators).
Characterization of effective mechanical strength of chitosan porous tissue s...ijbesjournal
Tissue engineering can be understand as the development of functional substitute to replace missing or malfunctioning human tissue and organs by using biodegradable or non-biodegradable biomaterials such
as scaffolds to direct specific cell types to organize into three dimensional structures and perform
differentiated function of targeted tissue. The important factors to be considered in designing of
microstructure and there structure material were type of bio-material porosity, pore size, and pore
structure with respect to nutrient supply for transplanted and regenerated cells. Performance of various
functions of the tissue structure depends on porous scaffold microstructures with dimensions of specific
porosity, pore size, characteristics that influence the behaviorand development of the incorporated cells.
Finite element Methods (FEM) and Computer Aided Design (CAD) combines with manufacturing
technologies such as Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) helpful to allow virtual design and fabrication,
characterization and production of porous scaffold optimized for tissue replacement with appropriate pore
size and proper dimension. In this paper we found that with the increase in the porosity of tissue
scaffolds(PCL, HAP, PGAL & Chitosan) their effective mechanical strength decreases by performing the
modeling & simulation with CAD & FEM package (Pro/E & ANSYS respectively) and validating the results with in vitro fabrication of Chitosan scaffold by performing in vivo mechanical testing.
3D Bio-printing of cells, tissue and organs. Bioprinting (also known as 3D bioprinting) is combination of 3D printing with biomaterials to replicate parts that imitate natural tissues, bones, and blood vessels in the body. It is mainly used in connection with drug research and most recently as cell scaffolds to help repair damaged ligaments and joints.
The definition of tissue engineering, according to International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), is “to use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials, and suitable biochemical and physiochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions
The void between preclinical testing and clinical trials of drugs reveals a crucial roadblock to efficient drug discovery. This plan defines an apporach to bioengineer structurally representative human tissues in vitro using the power of outstanding international academic collaborations.
collaboration
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine Suman Nandy
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological tissues. Tissue engineering involves the use of a scaffold for the formation of new viable tissue for a medical purpose.
Curso sobre biofabricação de tecidos do Núcleo de Tecnologias Tridimensionais (NT3D) do Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer. Os assuntos abordados incluem os seguintes tópicos:
•Conceitos da bioimpressão e biofabricação de tecidos;
•Engenharia tecidual;
•Tecnologias envolvidas;
•O papel da tecnologia da informação na bioimpressão de tecidos;
•Projetos desenvolvidos no Brasil e no mundo sobre bioimpressão de tecidos.
Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules and responsible for almost all cellular functions .Protein homeostasis (or proteostasis) is state of a balanced proteome, , depends on an extensive network of different types molecular chaperones, proteolytic systems (e.g. proteosome, autophagy) and their regulators. The dysfunction in proteostasis, leading to formation of misfolded proteins or the accumulation of protein aggregates which leads to many diseases e.g. sickle cell anaemia ; neurodegenerative diseases. Also The chaperon dysfunction leads to diseases called chaperonopathy e.g. Neurodegenerative diseases, cancers. .The pharmacological intervention to treat proteostasis dysfunction diseases are pharmacological chaperones, chemical chaperon, Heat shock transcription factor-1 activator; chaperon inhibitors,proteosome inhibitors and autophagy enhancers (activators).
Microbiata
A main player in immunityThe microbiome is an environmental factor in intricate symbiotic relationship with its hosts' immune system, potentially shaping:
anticancer immunity,
autoimmunity, and
transplant responses
Daptomycin is a semi-synthetic cyclic lipopeptide bactericidal antibiotic with outstanding activity against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive organisms including drug-resistant staphylococcai, Enterococcus spp. and Streptococci Spp
Microbiome: The genes and genomes of the microbiota, as well as the products of the microbiota and the host environment” [the collective genomes of the micro-organisms in a particular environment. Although the composition of the gut microbiota varies between individuals, the community in each individual is relatively stable over time.
Microbiota: the community of micro-organisms themselves
Microbiome: The genes and genomes of the microbiota, as well as the products of the microbiota and the host environment” [the collective genomes of the micro-organisms in a particular environment. Although the composition of the gut microbiota varies between individuals, the community in each individual is relatively stable over time
genes addiion\deeion\ediionthat lead to a therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic effect
Plasmid DNA
•Viral vectors
•Genetically engineered micro-organisms
•Human gene-editing technology
•Patient-derived cellular gene therapy products
cells or tissues that have been manipulated to change their biological characteristics or cells or tissues not intended to be used for the same essential/original functions in the body.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. Schematic diagram of the scaffold structure fabricated from graphene oxide and
nanofibers for the differentiation of neural stem cells
3. Schematic illustration of synergistic photo thermal/gene therapy for breast cancer. J-ACP:
surface-modified gold NP and J-ACP/p53: DNA containing surface-modified gold NP
8. Nature Protocols volume 11, pages1775–1781 (2016)
Tissue engineering by self-assembly
(TESA) is a novel approach that
relies on the cell's ability to produce
natural extracellular matrix TESA can
be used to produce structures that
have physiological strength and are
not recognized as foreign in vivo.
9.
10.
11. Different types of cell culture formats
June 2020Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 8 DOI:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00692
12. Cell-based tissue engineering therapies.
Regenerative Medicine volume 6, Article number: 18 (2021)
<5% of the injected cells
persist at the site of injection
in the first day(s) after
transplantation a survival
rate of as low as 1%
-three-dimensional (3D) tissue
analogue -,cytocompatible,
biodegradable and mechanically
stable natural or synthetic with a fully
interconnected porous network for
efficient transport and exchange of
O2, nutrients and metabolitess
development of living tissue by using only cells,
and depending on the cells create the matrix
and architecture.the self-organization of cells
without the use of external forces (e.g. scaffold-
free bioprinting and cell sheet, non-adherent
substrates are applied to allow cells to perform
all events with minimal interference, such as
spheroid creation) biomimetic tissues with
the potential for clinical applications
lower critical solution
temperature” (LCST)
16. Parameter 3D cell culture (organoid) Animal model
Cost Low Expensive
Immunogenic
response
Incorporation of immunogenic
components under research
occurs in normal animal
models however immuno-
deficient models lack such
responses
Vascularization Not present Reflect to in vivo
Ethical concerns No ethical issues because no animal
testing is required. Only the use of
animal serum raises concerns for animal
welfare and human biosafety
Ethical concerns required to be
addressed
Experimental
complexity
Less complex Higher organisms are used
therefore high complexity
Human in vivo
imitation
Imitate the source tissue or organ Does not imitate due to
variation at the genetic level
Genetic expression Reflective to humans Differ from humans
Cell
microenvironment
Lack microenvironment, therefore,
scaffolds used
Present naturally
Reproducibility Low since scaffolds are used Not satisfactory
17. A) Traditional single-layer scaffold-free systems require high cell numbers and prolonged culture periods to produce barely
3D tissue equivalents (A).
B) Due to the absence of sufficient ECM, cell necrosis and delamination frequently occur in multi-layer scaffold-free systems
(B).
Limitations of scaffold-free tissue engineering.
19. Classification of dECM scaffolds
(a1) Organ/Tissue-derived dECM as a decellularized scaffold for
tissue engineering. Human-derived organs/tissues undergo
decellularization progress to obtain dECM scaffolds. Then cells
are extracted, expanded and then seeded onto the dECM
scaffolds to generate recellularized grafts for organ/tissue
bioengineering
(a2) Cell-derived dECM as a decellularized scaffold for tissue
engineering. Cell-deposited extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes
decellularization progress to obtain dECM scaffolds. Cells from
other sources are recellularized onto the dECM scaffolds to
generate bioengineered grafts for tissue engineering.
(a) Recellularized stem cells and their classification.
23. Tissue engineering by self-assembly (TESA) is a novel approach that relies
on the cell's ability to produce natural extracellular matrix resulting in tissue that better
recapitulates biochemical and biomechanical properties of native tissue . TESA can be
used to produce structures that have physiological strength and are not recognized as
foreign in vivo.
24.
25. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 31 July 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2018.00105
Diagram illustrating the processes which fuels bone tissue engineering
27. Generation of disease models using CRISPR Cas9 knockout tools
June 2020Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 8 DOI:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00692
