cells or tissues that have been manipulated to change their biological characteristics or cells or tissues not intended to be used for the same essential/original functions in the body.
Know about Cell Therapy from The Point of Standardization, Scale, and Industr...Bennie George
In general, cell therapy includes tumor cell immunotherapy and stem cell therapy. There are two cell sources for cell therapy, one from the patient itself and the other from the allogeneic tissue.
https://www.creative-bioarray.com/products/cytokines-growth-factors-17.htm
The Complete Guide to Know about Cell Therapy from The Point of Standardizati...Bennie George
Cell therapy refers to the transplantation or input of normal or bioengineered human cells into a patient's body and newly-imported cells can replace damaged cells or involve a stronger immune killing function, so as to achieve the purpose of treating diseases. Cell therapy has shown higher application value in the treatment of cancer, hematological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease etc.
https://www.creative-bioarray.com/oncology.htm
Know about Cell Therapy from The Point of Standardization, Scale, and Industr...Bennie George
In general, cell therapy includes tumor cell immunotherapy and stem cell therapy. There are two cell sources for cell therapy, one from the patient itself and the other from the allogeneic tissue.
https://www.creative-bioarray.com/products/cytokines-growth-factors-17.htm
The Complete Guide to Know about Cell Therapy from The Point of Standardizati...Bennie George
Cell therapy refers to the transplantation or input of normal or bioengineered human cells into a patient's body and newly-imported cells can replace damaged cells or involve a stronger immune killing function, so as to achieve the purpose of treating diseases. Cell therapy has shown higher application value in the treatment of cancer, hematological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease etc.
https://www.creative-bioarray.com/oncology.htm
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins or glyco-proteins binding selectively without the involvement of enzymes, Gene responsible for expression lection found in chromosome 10q11.2-q21
Found in plnats grains, legume, soy bean, kidney bean
Lectins recognize tumor marker which play important role for diagnosing tumor cell, screening tumour and able to detect subtle neoplastic changes
Role of cancer stem cells in cancer therapyniper hyd
Cancer is one of the leading cause of death, till to date there is no perfect treatment due to its stem cell relapse which is not responding to conventional therapies like chemo, radio, surgery. so we should target the cancer stem cell with novel targets like nano, and immunotherapies.
In this slide, You will get to learn abut Gene Therapy and different types of gene therapy. Various method of Gene Therapy and Advantage & Disadvantage and Recent advances in Gene Therapy.
Chimeric Antigen Receptors (paper with corresponding power point)Kevin B Hugins
Gene therapy was first conceptualized to alter debilitating fates of genetic diseases. Gene therapy technology can help introduce new functional DNA to replace mutated genes. The idea first arose in 1972 when Friedmann and Roblin authored a paper, “Gene therapy for human genetic disease?”, demonstrating that exogenous DNA can be taken up by mammalian cells (1). They proposed that the same procedure could be done on humans to correct genetic defects by introducing therapeutic DNA. Currently, genetic modification of T lymphocytes has been the major area of research for treating malignant tumors. This technique seeks to create chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in T cells by genetically modifying them in vitro and reintroduce them back into blood circulation. The T cells are unique to every patient and the chimeric antigen receptors are unique to the tumor that it is targeting.
The field of organ transplantation has made remarkable progress in a short period of time.
Transplantation has evolved to become the treatment of choice for end-stage organ failure resulting from almost any of a wide variety of causes .
ROLE OF IMMUNE CELLS IN CANCER AND TARGETING IMMUNE CELLS FOR CANCER THERAPYSIVASWAROOP YARASI
Cancer immunotherapy is a therapy used to treat cancer patients that involves or uses components of the immune system. Some cancer immunotherapies consist of antibodies that bind to, and inhibit the function of, proteins expressed by cancer cells. Other cancer immunotherapies include vaccines and T cell infusions.
Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules and responsible for almost all cellular functions .Protein homeostasis (or proteostasis) is state of a balanced proteome, , depends on an extensive network of different types molecular chaperones, proteolytic systems (e.g. proteosome, autophagy) and their regulators. The dysfunction in proteostasis, leading to formation of misfolded proteins or the accumulation of protein aggregates which leads to many diseases e.g. sickle cell anaemia ; neurodegenerative diseases. Also The chaperon dysfunction leads to diseases called chaperonopathy e.g. Neurodegenerative diseases, cancers. .The pharmacological intervention to treat proteostasis dysfunction diseases are pharmacological chaperones, chemical chaperon, Heat shock transcription factor-1 activator; chaperon inhibitors,proteosome inhibitors and autophagy enhancers (activators).
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins or glyco-proteins binding selectively without the involvement of enzymes, Gene responsible for expression lection found in chromosome 10q11.2-q21
Found in plnats grains, legume, soy bean, kidney bean
Lectins recognize tumor marker which play important role for diagnosing tumor cell, screening tumour and able to detect subtle neoplastic changes
Role of cancer stem cells in cancer therapyniper hyd
Cancer is one of the leading cause of death, till to date there is no perfect treatment due to its stem cell relapse which is not responding to conventional therapies like chemo, radio, surgery. so we should target the cancer stem cell with novel targets like nano, and immunotherapies.
In this slide, You will get to learn abut Gene Therapy and different types of gene therapy. Various method of Gene Therapy and Advantage & Disadvantage and Recent advances in Gene Therapy.
Chimeric Antigen Receptors (paper with corresponding power point)Kevin B Hugins
Gene therapy was first conceptualized to alter debilitating fates of genetic diseases. Gene therapy technology can help introduce new functional DNA to replace mutated genes. The idea first arose in 1972 when Friedmann and Roblin authored a paper, “Gene therapy for human genetic disease?”, demonstrating that exogenous DNA can be taken up by mammalian cells (1). They proposed that the same procedure could be done on humans to correct genetic defects by introducing therapeutic DNA. Currently, genetic modification of T lymphocytes has been the major area of research for treating malignant tumors. This technique seeks to create chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in T cells by genetically modifying them in vitro and reintroduce them back into blood circulation. The T cells are unique to every patient and the chimeric antigen receptors are unique to the tumor that it is targeting.
The field of organ transplantation has made remarkable progress in a short period of time.
Transplantation has evolved to become the treatment of choice for end-stage organ failure resulting from almost any of a wide variety of causes .
ROLE OF IMMUNE CELLS IN CANCER AND TARGETING IMMUNE CELLS FOR CANCER THERAPYSIVASWAROOP YARASI
Cancer immunotherapy is a therapy used to treat cancer patients that involves or uses components of the immune system. Some cancer immunotherapies consist of antibodies that bind to, and inhibit the function of, proteins expressed by cancer cells. Other cancer immunotherapies include vaccines and T cell infusions.
Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules and responsible for almost all cellular functions .Protein homeostasis (or proteostasis) is state of a balanced proteome, , depends on an extensive network of different types molecular chaperones, proteolytic systems (e.g. proteosome, autophagy) and their regulators. The dysfunction in proteostasis, leading to formation of misfolded proteins or the accumulation of protein aggregates which leads to many diseases e.g. sickle cell anaemia ; neurodegenerative diseases. Also The chaperon dysfunction leads to diseases called chaperonopathy e.g. Neurodegenerative diseases, cancers. .The pharmacological intervention to treat proteostasis dysfunction diseases are pharmacological chaperones, chemical chaperon, Heat shock transcription factor-1 activator; chaperon inhibitors,proteosome inhibitors and autophagy enhancers (activators).
Microbiata
A main player in immunityThe microbiome is an environmental factor in intricate symbiotic relationship with its hosts' immune system, potentially shaping:
anticancer immunity,
autoimmunity, and
transplant responses
Daptomycin is a semi-synthetic cyclic lipopeptide bactericidal antibiotic with outstanding activity against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive organisms including drug-resistant staphylococcai, Enterococcus spp. and Streptococci Spp
Microbiome: The genes and genomes of the microbiota, as well as the products of the microbiota and the host environment” [the collective genomes of the micro-organisms in a particular environment. Although the composition of the gut microbiota varies between individuals, the community in each individual is relatively stable over time.
Microbiota: the community of micro-organisms themselves
Microbiome: The genes and genomes of the microbiota, as well as the products of the microbiota and the host environment” [the collective genomes of the micro-organisms in a particular environment. Although the composition of the gut microbiota varies between individuals, the community in each individual is relatively stable over time
genes addiion\deeion\ediionthat lead to a therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic effect
Plasmid DNA
•Viral vectors
•Genetically engineered micro-organisms
•Human gene-editing technology
•Patient-derived cellular gene therapy products
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
2. Advanced therapeutic medicinal products (ATMPs).
Product category Definition Examples
Gene-therapy
medicinal product
(GTMP)
Contain genes that lead to a therapeutic, prophylactic or
diagnostic effect. They work by inserting ‘recombinant’ genes into
the body, usually to treat a variety of diseases, including genetic
disorders, cancer or long-term diseases.
•Plasmid DNA
•Viral vectors
•Genetically engineered micro-organisms
•Human gene-editing technology
•Patient-derived cellular gene therapy products
Somatic- cell
therapy medicinal
product (SCTMP)
Contain cells or tissues that have been manipulated to change
their biological characteristics or cells or tissues not intended to
be used for the same essential/original functions in the body.
•Products containing or consisting of animal cells or tissues
•Other autologous and allogeneic cells therapies
•Xenogeneic living cells
•Stem cells and stem cell-derived products
Tissue-engineered
product
(TEP)/tissue
regeneration.
Contain cells or tissues that have been modified so they can be
used to repair, regenerate or replace human tissue.
•Products containing or consisting of animal cells or tissues
•Products might also contain additional
•substances, such as cellular products, biomolecules,
biomaterials, chemical substances, scaffolds or matrices
•Products for cartilage or cardiac defects, among others
•Stem cells and stem cells-derived products
British Journal of Cancer (Br J Cancer) ISSN 1532-1827 (online)
3. CELL THERAPY
The global cell therapy market is segmented -
1) By Technique: Stem Cell Therapy, Cell Vaccine, Adoptive Cell Transfer (ACT), Fibroblast Cell
Therapy, Chondrocyte Cell Therapy
2) By Therapy Type: Allogeneic Therapies, Autologous Therapies
3) By Application: Oncology, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Orthopedic, Wound Healing, Others
4.
5. Various types of cell therapies in clinical trials.
Cell therapies in the clinic
Bioengineering & Transla Med, Volume: 6, Issue: 2, First published: 11 February 2021, DOI: (10.1002/btm2.10214)
9. introducing a receptor that has high affinity
for a tumor antigen,
-Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) Therapy
-Engineered T Cell Receptor (TCR) Therapy
-Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell
Therapy(CARs are modified receptors that
recognise whole proteins on the surface of
cancer cells
-Natural Killer (NK) Cell Therapy
10. T cell therapy
through
engineered T cells
A. Typically, the T cell recognizes the tumor cell via its T cell
receptor (TCR) that binds the MHC/peptide complex (MHC/p) on
the tumor cell . Recognition through the TCR activates the T cell
via the CD3 chain, which leads to T cell activation and release of
preformed cytotoxic molecules (granzyme and perforin)
, inducing tumor cell death by apoptosis
B. TCR engineering
involves introduction of
an exogenous high-
avidity TCR which will be
used by the T cell to kill
tumor cells. At that time,
the T cell bears two
different TCR molecules.
C. CAR engineering
involves the introduction
of an antibody that will
bind the tumor cell
through a cell surface
protein and not through
the MHC/p complex. The
antibody is linked to the
CD3 chain, allowing T cell
activation and target cell
killing.
11. Characteristics of TCR-T and TCR-like CAR-T cells.
(tumor)
works even in the
absence or down-
regulation of costimul-
atory signals from
target cells
15. Cancer immunotherapy
• T cell and Nk cell adoptive transfer (eg. TILS)
• Vaccines
– Antigen/peptide pulsed autologous dendritic cells (live)
– Modified tumor cells (killed)
• Therapeutic immune ablation/reconstitution (stem cells)
• Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-therapy: CAR-T, CAR-NK, CAR-
monocyte/macrophage (autologous and allogeneic, including iPSC-
derived CAR-cells)
• (Checkpoint inhibitor therapy – activation of subject’s immune cells)
16. Dendritic Cell vaccine therapy
Types
of
Immune-
Cell
Therapy
αβT-cell Therapy
have high ability of
cellular cytotoxicity
γδT-cell Therapy
17. Concerns of cell-based cancer immunotherapies
Short-term risks
• Contamination (IBC)
• Overly robust target response – cytokine storm, tumor lysis syndrome
• These can lead to off target damage
• Graft versus host disease
• Specificity – off target response
• Failure of cells to work as expected
N.B. Combination products may pose additional risks.
Long-term risks
• Treatment failure
• Autoimmunity
N.B. Most clinical trials do not indemnify subjects beyond the duration of the
trial and autoimmunity, autoimmune damage can be lifelong
24. Exosomes,(extracellular vesicles) as natural nano-scale particles, have various advantages in comparison with other
engineered nanoparticles Exosomes are secreted by MSCs and have the same therapeutic potential as their parent cells.
MSCs and their exosomes combined with biomaterials can also be more effective in promoting the regeneration of tissues
25. A large number of studies show that EVs released by stem cells have repair functions similar to
stem cells
26. The main advantages can be summarized as follows.
•First, exosomes are the mediators of stem cell paracrine action. They participate in the
transmission of information between cells and are considered to be the main mechanism of
disease treatment.
•Second, exosomes can be combined with existing, newly developed compositions or methods
and designed as carrier particles containing specific ingredients. In addition, they can be
engineered to target specific cells or tissues.
•Third, exosomes have autonomous targeting capabilities and can home to the lesion tissue,
which is conducive to constructing them into drug carriers.
All these characteristics facilitate exosomes to be the ideal natural material for the development
of nanomedicine (Mathieu et al., 2019). Compared with cell therapy, it is safer and has no
potential tumorigenicity of stem cells. It is the best alternative to cell-free therapy at present.
•achieve similar effects to synthetic nanoscale carriers (such as liposomes, nanoparticles),
but also have cell-based biological structures and functions.
• exosomes can provide natural biocompatibility; higher chemical stability; longer
distance intercellular communication; and inherent intercellular communication, fusion,
and delivery capabilities.
•exosomes have the ability to selectively fuse cells and target specific tissues as well as to
penetrate tight tissue structures, such as the blood–brain barrier
28. Nicholas J. Leeper. Circulation. Stem Cell Therapy for
Vascular Regeneration, Volume: 122, Issue: 5,
Pages: 517-526, DOI: (
Umbilical cord blood is a
viable alternative to
transplantation of bone
marrow and includes multiple
stem cell types such as MSC
and endothelial progenitor
cells. Recently cord blood was
isolated from pluripotent
stem cells.
30. Bone and Muscle
Bone Diseases
Joint Disease
Musculoskeletal Disease
Neuromuscular Disease
Brain and Nerves
Brain Diseases
Brain Injury
Central Nervous System
Nervous System Diseases
Neuromuscular Disease
Spinal Cord Injuries
Stroke and Related
Digestive System Disease
All Conditions
Eye Disease All Conditions
Heart and Blood Vessels
Heart Attack
Heart Disease
Myocardial Ischemia
Stroke and Related
Vascular Disease
Infertility All Conditions
Kidney Disease All Conditions
Liver Disease
All Conditions
Lung Diseases
All Conditions
Sexual Dysfunction All Conditions
Skin Disease
All Conditions
Trauma
Brain Injury
Trauma
Wounds and Injuries
Urological Disease All Conditions
Stem Cell Therapies
32. Generation of iPSC-derived
T cells from different
somatic cell sources
Front. Immunol., 28 September 2021 |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.7595
44. Clinically approved cell therapies, grouped by cell type
Abbreviations: Indications: GvHD, Graft versus host disease. Agencies: CDSCO, Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), aka Indian FDA;EMA,
European Medicines Agency; DCGI, Drug Controller General of India; KFDA, Korea Food and Drug Administration; JMHW, Japanese Ministry ofHealth and
Welfare; USFDA, The United States Food and Drug Administration. Notes: BM, bone marrow; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; GM, geneticallymodified; NGM,
nongenetically modified; TAA, tumor-associated antigen.
45. Abbreviations: Indications:
GvHD, Graft versus host
disease. Agencies: CDSCO,
Central Drugs Standard
Control Organization
(CDSCO), aka Indian
FDA;EMA, European
Medicines Agency; DCGI,
Drug Controller General of
India; KFDA, Korea Food
and Drug Administration;
JMHW, Japanese Ministry
ofHealth and Welfare;
USFDA, The United States
Food and Drug
Administration. Notes: BM,
bone marrow; CAR,
chimeric antigen receptor;
GM, geneticallymodified;
NGM, nongenetically
modified; TAA, tumor-
associated antigen.
46. Abbreviations: Indications: GvHD,
Graft versus host disease. Agencies:
CDSCO, Central Drugs Standard
Control Organization (CDSCO), aka
Indian FDA;EMA, European Medicines
Agency; DCGI, Drug Controller
General of India; KFDA, Korea Food
and Drug Administration; JMHW,
Japanese Ministry ofHealth and
Welfare; USFDA, The United States
Food and Drug Administration. Notes:
BM, bone marrow; CAR, chimeric
antigen receptor; GM,
geneticallymodified; NGM,
nongenetically modified; TAA, tumor-
associated antigen.
47. Challenges for adoptive cell therapy (ACT) in solid tumors.
Kedar Kirtane et al. J Immunother Cancer 2021;9:e002723
48. Concerns of stem cell therapies
– Administration site reactions
• The ability of cells to move from placement sites and change into
inappropriate cell types or multiply
– Failure of cells to work as expected (including immune rejection)
– Tumor growth
NB: Only cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells for hematopoietic and
immunologic reconstitution due to disorders of the hematopoietic system that are
inherited, acquired or resulting from myeloablative treatment are FDA approved.
