Jessian Muñoz, a graduate student at New Jersey Medical School, gave a seminar discussing cancer stem cells and their role in brain tumors. Cancer stem cells may be the primary cause of brain tumors, as chemotherapy often fails to target these cells specifically. The seminar addressed how cancer stem cells can reemerge after treatment and explained the discovery of microRNAs' involvement in cancer signaling. Jessian's presentation demonstrated how scientific understanding advances and how personal goals can change during one's studies.
The document discusses two studies on the causes of cancer at the chromosomal and DNA level. The first study found that dramatic structural changes to chromosomes could not be explained by standard models of DNA damage and were a major cause of cancer proliferation. The second study discovered the overexpression of repetitive satellite DNA sequences in common tumor cells that are normally found in heterochromatin and centromeres. Understanding the molecular causes of diseases like cancer will enable early diagnosis, new therapeutic targets, and improved treatment strategies.
Jessian Muñoz was the speaker at the first seminar, discussing his recent study on the relationship between brain tumors, microRNAs, and stem cells. During his presentation, he explained in detail his experience conducting the experiment and defined scientific terms. After the seminar, he discussed an article on glioblastoma multiforme and recent findings in human cancer and mouse models. Brain tumors can affect many people in the future. Because of the relationship between stem cells and cancer cells, there may be new ways to conduct cancer treatments.
The document discusses recent discoveries related to DNA and stem cells that are allowing for new therapeutic approaches to cancer management. Specifically, it discusses how discoveries of the protein MutL, which helps repair DNA errors, and how mutations in genes encoding DNA repair proteins can lead to cancers. It also discusses how researchers have identified a new stem cell signaling pathway that may help lower tumor risks in stem cell therapies by reducing formation of teratomas during stem cell differentiation.
Cell differentiation therapy and epigenetic links in adult stem cell fate decisions were proposed as novel strategies for treating aggressive skin cancer and osteoporosis. Differentiating skin cancer cells was suggested to decrease their ability to divide, while understanding epigenetic regulation of adult stem cell differentiation could enable new osteoporosis treatments. Molecular biology advances have provided insights into new therapies and improved treatments for diseases by preventing drug resistance and allowing for faster cures through prevention of mutations across generations.
The document discusses several studies related to lung cancer and DNA. It summarizes that mouse models show similarities to human lung cancer, allowing scientists to study disease progression. Researchers identified a gene called NF-Iβ associated with lung cancer. A separate study found specific DNA breakage characteristics in cancer cells. This molecular-level analysis improves understanding of cancer development and susceptibility.
The document discusses several studies related to lung cancer and DNA. It summarizes that mouse models show similarities to human lung cancer, allowing scientists to study disease progression. Researchers identified a gene called NF-Iβ associated with lung cancer. A separate study found specific DNA breakage characteristics in cancer cells. This molecular-level analysis improves understanding of cancer development and susceptibility.
The document discusses several studies related to lung cancer and DNA. It summarizes that mouse models show similarities to human lung cancer, allowing scientists to study disease progression. Researchers identified a gene called NF-Iβ associated with lung cancer. A separate study found specific DNA breakage characteristics in cancer cells. This molecular-level analysis improves understanding of cancer development and susceptibility.
Jessian Muñoz, a graduate student at New Jersey Medical School, gave a seminar discussing cancer stem cells and their role in brain tumors. Cancer stem cells may be the primary cause of brain tumors, as chemotherapy often fails to target these cells specifically. The seminar addressed how cancer stem cells can reemerge after treatment and explained the discovery of microRNAs' involvement in cancer signaling. Jessian's presentation demonstrated how scientific understanding advances and how personal goals can change during one's studies.
The document discusses two studies on the causes of cancer at the chromosomal and DNA level. The first study found that dramatic structural changes to chromosomes could not be explained by standard models of DNA damage and were a major cause of cancer proliferation. The second study discovered the overexpression of repetitive satellite DNA sequences in common tumor cells that are normally found in heterochromatin and centromeres. Understanding the molecular causes of diseases like cancer will enable early diagnosis, new therapeutic targets, and improved treatment strategies.
Jessian Muñoz was the speaker at the first seminar, discussing his recent study on the relationship between brain tumors, microRNAs, and stem cells. During his presentation, he explained in detail his experience conducting the experiment and defined scientific terms. After the seminar, he discussed an article on glioblastoma multiforme and recent findings in human cancer and mouse models. Brain tumors can affect many people in the future. Because of the relationship between stem cells and cancer cells, there may be new ways to conduct cancer treatments.
The document discusses recent discoveries related to DNA and stem cells that are allowing for new therapeutic approaches to cancer management. Specifically, it discusses how discoveries of the protein MutL, which helps repair DNA errors, and how mutations in genes encoding DNA repair proteins can lead to cancers. It also discusses how researchers have identified a new stem cell signaling pathway that may help lower tumor risks in stem cell therapies by reducing formation of teratomas during stem cell differentiation.
Cell differentiation therapy and epigenetic links in adult stem cell fate decisions were proposed as novel strategies for treating aggressive skin cancer and osteoporosis. Differentiating skin cancer cells was suggested to decrease their ability to divide, while understanding epigenetic regulation of adult stem cell differentiation could enable new osteoporosis treatments. Molecular biology advances have provided insights into new therapies and improved treatments for diseases by preventing drug resistance and allowing for faster cures through prevention of mutations across generations.
The document discusses several studies related to lung cancer and DNA. It summarizes that mouse models show similarities to human lung cancer, allowing scientists to study disease progression. Researchers identified a gene called NF-Iβ associated with lung cancer. A separate study found specific DNA breakage characteristics in cancer cells. This molecular-level analysis improves understanding of cancer development and susceptibility.
The document discusses several studies related to lung cancer and DNA. It summarizes that mouse models show similarities to human lung cancer, allowing scientists to study disease progression. Researchers identified a gene called NF-Iβ associated with lung cancer. A separate study found specific DNA breakage characteristics in cancer cells. This molecular-level analysis improves understanding of cancer development and susceptibility.
The document discusses several studies related to lung cancer and DNA. It summarizes that mouse models show similarities to human lung cancer, allowing scientists to study disease progression. Researchers identified a gene called NF-Iβ associated with lung cancer. A separate study found specific DNA breakage characteristics in cancer cells. This molecular-level analysis improves understanding of cancer development and susceptibility.
The central-dogma-oh-genetic-informationDaniel Madrid
The central dogma of genetics describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins. Two articles discuss cancer-causing mechanisms related to this dogma. One found that the enzyme APOBEC3G can induce mutations during DNA replication that lead to cancer. The other identified that cancer cells rely on the protein SMARCAL1 to resolve replication stress and maintain telomere length through the ALT pathway. Further research is needed to identify targets of these carcinogenic processes to develop new treatment strategies.
This presentation contain information about molecular biology and laboratory technics, specially alternative splicing.
all of them to try to explain cancer etiology, give on the molecular bases.
Medical genetics is a branch of human genetics confined to studying structure and function of the genetic material in health and disease states of human beings.
This document outlines a study on soft tissue tumors conducted by Dr. Shameera Begum at the Department of Pathology. The study aims to analyze approximately 150 soft tissue tumor cases over 5 years to understand the clinicopathological profile, incidence of benign vs malignant tumors, age/sex/site distribution, histopathological patterns, and use of immunohistochemistry. Both retrospective and prospective approaches will be used involving case file review, H&E staining, and special stains/immunohistochemistry where needed. Statistical analysis will be performed and ethical protocols followed to anonymize patient identities and obtain consent.
Dissertation topics on cellular basics of cancer and therapeutics - PubricaPubrica
• Researching cancer and its therapeutics is an important tool for cancer studies and medical writing services.
• The important topics to be covered while writing a thesis for cancer and its therapeutics are discussed in scientific medical writing.
• Pubrica is here to help with the easy scientific medical writingabout cancer research and its therapeutics.
Full Information: https://bit.ly/3llZgmV
Reference: https://pubrica.com/services/physician-writing-services/
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Scientists have discovered seven new DNA regions that are linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer. A study of prostate cancer patients found variants in these DNA regions that are associated with carcinogenesis. This discovery may help explain the 25% risk of familial prostate cancer. Identifying the specific genes and DNA regions involved in prostate cancer risk could allow for new prevention techniques.
This master's degree in molecular oncology provides students with rigorous cancer studies and the latest oncology therapies. The program takes a multidisciplinary approach to understanding tumor disease at the molecular level, including the genetic origins of cancer, basic research methodology, clinical oncology practice, tumor gene expression patterns, and molecularly targeted therapies. The online program includes 300 hours of video classes, optional intensive laboratory training, a research project and tutoring, and upon completion awards a Master in Molecular Oncology degree.
Dawoud Dar worked as a research technician at the University of Sheffield Medical School in Dr. Spencer J. Collis' neuro-oncological lab studying glioblastoma under the supervision of Ola Rominiyi. The lab used various 2D and 3D models to test novel combination drug therapies targeting multiple DNA damage response pathways to inhibit glioblastoma tumor growth and treatment resistance, including drugs like Ouabain and Curcumin with and without radiotherapy. Dar helped present the lab's research at the Society of Neuro-Oncology conference and gained skills in various laboratory techniques, scientific writing, problem solving, and teamwork during the placement.
The document discusses DNA replication and the role of the APOBEC protein. It summarizes that DNA replication is the process where one DNA molecule makes two identical copies of itself. It then explains that the APOBEC protein normally protects against viruses but can also cause mutations during DNA replication, potentially leading to cancer. The student notes it is important to understand these mechanisms to research ways to prevent cancer. A second section discusses how cancer cells can maintain telomere length to continue replicating, and researchers have identified the protein SMARCAL1 as playing a key role in this alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway used by some cancer cells. Understanding this pathway could lead to new targeted cancer therapies.
The document discusses DNA replication and how it can go awry. It normally faithfully copies DNA but the APOBEC protein, which normally protects against viruses, can instead cause mutations by interfering with replication. This can lead to cancer. Researchers identified that the protein SMARCAL1 is key to alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), a pathway cancer cells use to maintain telomere length and bypass growth arrest. Understanding these replication and repair pathways could lead to new targeted cancer therapies.
The Evolution of In Situ Genetic Technologyasclepiuspdfs
In situ genetic technology was historically developed and mainly focused on detection purpose, allowing specific nucleic acid sequences to be visualized in morphologically preserved tissue sections. With the synergy of genetics and immunohistochemistry, in situ detection can correlate microscopic topological information with gene activity at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels in specific tissues. Furthermore, its resolution allows spatial distribution of nucleic acid products to be revealed in a heterogeneous cell population. The newest member to the franchise of in situ genetic technology is a direct-on-specimen enrichment methodology specifically for cell-free DNA liquid biopsy. Contrary to in situ detection, this in-well in situ innovation tackles the very first sample preparation step to reduce material loss, thereby improving overall sensitivity. Genomic nucleic acids purified from specimens have been proven to be time consuming and suffered from damages and losses; the evolution of in situ genetic technology offers a powerful tool for precision functional genomics, enabling cross-check between in vitro and in vivo findings. It further opens the door to ultimate genetic engineering in situ.
Use of Simulation- based Training for Cancer Education among Nigerian Cliniciansasclepiuspdfs
Background: Among the many limitations of cancer control in Nigeria are lower awareness/competence and poorer training of health-care professionals (HCP). These manifest as deficiencies in advocacy, screening/diagnostic practices, and patient management. Medical simulation (MS) using models is an effective approach for sustainably improving the competence of HCP, especially regarding clinical breast examination (CBE), pelvic examination (PE), and digital rectal examination (DRE). The study evaluates the effect of MS during a Nigerian training course focusing on CBE, PE, and DRE. It answers the question: What is the immediate outcome of MS-based training, as well as the perspectives of HCP on the use of MS for cancer education? Methods: Participants included a convenience sample of Nigerian physicians and nurses who attended the American Society of Clinical Oncology-sponsored Multidisciplinary Cancer Management Course. The intervention was MS using high-fidelity models. The models demonstrated normal anatomic and common pathologic features of the breast, cervical, and prostate. Participants cycled through MS stations (i.e., CBE, PE, and DRE). Pre- and post-training surveys with comments evaluating self-reported comfort levels were the basis for comparison. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Chi-square, and thematic analysis. Results: A total of 51 participants completed course evaluation forms (physicians - 35 and nurses - 16), with an average number of years in practice as 8 (±5.2) years. Pre-training survey showed non-significant differences in practices patterns; 71% (22/35) of physicians rarely performed PE (P=0.92), and 93% (14/16) of nurses rarely performed DRE (P=0.07). According to some participants, “the use of simulation is quite commendable as it gives room for improvement before using a human; it is the best method of learning I have ever enjoyed.” Conclusion: MS-based training significantly improved the comfort levels of participants regarding CBE and PE, as well as their likelihood to perform CBE, PE, and DRE. Participants recommend widespread use of MS for continuing medical education and undergraduate training.
The document discusses two recent scientific discoveries:
1) Researchers at the University of Edinburgh discovered a protein complex called Ska that helps stabilize cell division and the distribution of genetic material between daughter cells. Disruptions to this process could lead to cancer, offering new insights into cancer development.
2) A team at the University of California, Davis found that new genes can arise from ancestral non-coding DNA sequences, which is occurring at a high rate across animals and plants. Random mutations can cause non-coding DNA to be transcribed, forming new genes over time through selection. Understanding how genomes change could inform future therapies.
The Meunier laboratory at the Queensland Brain Institute had a productive year in 2013. They were awarded two grants to fund their research into neuronal communication and survival. In 2013, the laboratory published eight papers investigating topics like the role of myosin VI in neuroexocytosis and the regulation of neuroexocytosis by Munc18-1. They also demonstrated that inhibition of PIKfyve activity leads to neuronal cell death by disrupting autophagy, implicating this pathway in neurodegenerative diseases. The laboratory continued to study vesicular trafficking and collaborated with other researchers on projects involving neurotoxin transport in neurons and dynamin inhibitors.
Human Molecular Genetics is a textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students that provides an integrated approach to the molecular aspects of human genetics. The fourth edition has been completely updated with new key concepts at the beginning of each chapter and annotated further reading to help navigate the wealth of information. Genomic technologies have been integrated throughout and next generation sequencing is included. Coverage of topics like cell biology, studying gene function and structure, and epigenetics have also been expanded.
This document summarizes research being conducted by Fanny Casado and her team on translational research of biomedical devices in Peru. The research includes:
1) Developing an advanced in vitro platform to study broiler chicken intestinal health and model coccidiosis, a parasitic disease affecting poultry.
2) Designing cost-effective wound dressings to promote chronic wound healing using endogenous growth factors.
3) Improving processing of cow intestines to supply safe raw materials for resorbable surgical sutures.
4) Creating an ultrasound-based tool to identify risk of diabetic foot ulcers in the Peruvian population.
This document summarizes a research study that aimed to identify biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through profiling of cerebrospinal fluid from ALS patients and control subjects. The study utilized surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry to analyze cerebrospinal fluid samples. Three potential biomarkers - transthyretin, cystatin C, and carboxy-terminal fragment of neuroendocrine protein 7B2 - were identified, and two were validated as biomarkers that distinguished ALS patients from control subjects.
The central-dogma-oh-genetic-informationDaniel Madrid
The central dogma of genetics describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins. Two articles discuss cancer-causing mechanisms related to this dogma. One found that the enzyme APOBEC3G can induce mutations during DNA replication that lead to cancer. The other identified that cancer cells rely on the protein SMARCAL1 to resolve replication stress and maintain telomere length through the ALT pathway. Further research is needed to identify targets of these carcinogenic processes to develop new treatment strategies.
This presentation contain information about molecular biology and laboratory technics, specially alternative splicing.
all of them to try to explain cancer etiology, give on the molecular bases.
Medical genetics is a branch of human genetics confined to studying structure and function of the genetic material in health and disease states of human beings.
This document outlines a study on soft tissue tumors conducted by Dr. Shameera Begum at the Department of Pathology. The study aims to analyze approximately 150 soft tissue tumor cases over 5 years to understand the clinicopathological profile, incidence of benign vs malignant tumors, age/sex/site distribution, histopathological patterns, and use of immunohistochemistry. Both retrospective and prospective approaches will be used involving case file review, H&E staining, and special stains/immunohistochemistry where needed. Statistical analysis will be performed and ethical protocols followed to anonymize patient identities and obtain consent.
Dissertation topics on cellular basics of cancer and therapeutics - PubricaPubrica
• Researching cancer and its therapeutics is an important tool for cancer studies and medical writing services.
• The important topics to be covered while writing a thesis for cancer and its therapeutics are discussed in scientific medical writing.
• Pubrica is here to help with the easy scientific medical writingabout cancer research and its therapeutics.
Full Information: https://bit.ly/3llZgmV
Reference: https://pubrica.com/services/physician-writing-services/
Why Pubrica?
When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free, always on Time, outstanding customer support, written to Standard, Unlimited Revisions support and High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us :
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44- 74248 10299
Scientists have discovered seven new DNA regions that are linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer. A study of prostate cancer patients found variants in these DNA regions that are associated with carcinogenesis. This discovery may help explain the 25% risk of familial prostate cancer. Identifying the specific genes and DNA regions involved in prostate cancer risk could allow for new prevention techniques.
This master's degree in molecular oncology provides students with rigorous cancer studies and the latest oncology therapies. The program takes a multidisciplinary approach to understanding tumor disease at the molecular level, including the genetic origins of cancer, basic research methodology, clinical oncology practice, tumor gene expression patterns, and molecularly targeted therapies. The online program includes 300 hours of video classes, optional intensive laboratory training, a research project and tutoring, and upon completion awards a Master in Molecular Oncology degree.
Dawoud Dar worked as a research technician at the University of Sheffield Medical School in Dr. Spencer J. Collis' neuro-oncological lab studying glioblastoma under the supervision of Ola Rominiyi. The lab used various 2D and 3D models to test novel combination drug therapies targeting multiple DNA damage response pathways to inhibit glioblastoma tumor growth and treatment resistance, including drugs like Ouabain and Curcumin with and without radiotherapy. Dar helped present the lab's research at the Society of Neuro-Oncology conference and gained skills in various laboratory techniques, scientific writing, problem solving, and teamwork during the placement.
The document discusses DNA replication and the role of the APOBEC protein. It summarizes that DNA replication is the process where one DNA molecule makes two identical copies of itself. It then explains that the APOBEC protein normally protects against viruses but can also cause mutations during DNA replication, potentially leading to cancer. The student notes it is important to understand these mechanisms to research ways to prevent cancer. A second section discusses how cancer cells can maintain telomere length to continue replicating, and researchers have identified the protein SMARCAL1 as playing a key role in this alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway used by some cancer cells. Understanding this pathway could lead to new targeted cancer therapies.
The document discusses DNA replication and how it can go awry. It normally faithfully copies DNA but the APOBEC protein, which normally protects against viruses, can instead cause mutations by interfering with replication. This can lead to cancer. Researchers identified that the protein SMARCAL1 is key to alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), a pathway cancer cells use to maintain telomere length and bypass growth arrest. Understanding these replication and repair pathways could lead to new targeted cancer therapies.
The Evolution of In Situ Genetic Technologyasclepiuspdfs
In situ genetic technology was historically developed and mainly focused on detection purpose, allowing specific nucleic acid sequences to be visualized in morphologically preserved tissue sections. With the synergy of genetics and immunohistochemistry, in situ detection can correlate microscopic topological information with gene activity at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels in specific tissues. Furthermore, its resolution allows spatial distribution of nucleic acid products to be revealed in a heterogeneous cell population. The newest member to the franchise of in situ genetic technology is a direct-on-specimen enrichment methodology specifically for cell-free DNA liquid biopsy. Contrary to in situ detection, this in-well in situ innovation tackles the very first sample preparation step to reduce material loss, thereby improving overall sensitivity. Genomic nucleic acids purified from specimens have been proven to be time consuming and suffered from damages and losses; the evolution of in situ genetic technology offers a powerful tool for precision functional genomics, enabling cross-check between in vitro and in vivo findings. It further opens the door to ultimate genetic engineering in situ.
Use of Simulation- based Training for Cancer Education among Nigerian Cliniciansasclepiuspdfs
Background: Among the many limitations of cancer control in Nigeria are lower awareness/competence and poorer training of health-care professionals (HCP). These manifest as deficiencies in advocacy, screening/diagnostic practices, and patient management. Medical simulation (MS) using models is an effective approach for sustainably improving the competence of HCP, especially regarding clinical breast examination (CBE), pelvic examination (PE), and digital rectal examination (DRE). The study evaluates the effect of MS during a Nigerian training course focusing on CBE, PE, and DRE. It answers the question: What is the immediate outcome of MS-based training, as well as the perspectives of HCP on the use of MS for cancer education? Methods: Participants included a convenience sample of Nigerian physicians and nurses who attended the American Society of Clinical Oncology-sponsored Multidisciplinary Cancer Management Course. The intervention was MS using high-fidelity models. The models demonstrated normal anatomic and common pathologic features of the breast, cervical, and prostate. Participants cycled through MS stations (i.e., CBE, PE, and DRE). Pre- and post-training surveys with comments evaluating self-reported comfort levels were the basis for comparison. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Chi-square, and thematic analysis. Results: A total of 51 participants completed course evaluation forms (physicians - 35 and nurses - 16), with an average number of years in practice as 8 (±5.2) years. Pre-training survey showed non-significant differences in practices patterns; 71% (22/35) of physicians rarely performed PE (P=0.92), and 93% (14/16) of nurses rarely performed DRE (P=0.07). According to some participants, “the use of simulation is quite commendable as it gives room for improvement before using a human; it is the best method of learning I have ever enjoyed.” Conclusion: MS-based training significantly improved the comfort levels of participants regarding CBE and PE, as well as their likelihood to perform CBE, PE, and DRE. Participants recommend widespread use of MS for continuing medical education and undergraduate training.
The document discusses two recent scientific discoveries:
1) Researchers at the University of Edinburgh discovered a protein complex called Ska that helps stabilize cell division and the distribution of genetic material between daughter cells. Disruptions to this process could lead to cancer, offering new insights into cancer development.
2) A team at the University of California, Davis found that new genes can arise from ancestral non-coding DNA sequences, which is occurring at a high rate across animals and plants. Random mutations can cause non-coding DNA to be transcribed, forming new genes over time through selection. Understanding how genomes change could inform future therapies.
The Meunier laboratory at the Queensland Brain Institute had a productive year in 2013. They were awarded two grants to fund their research into neuronal communication and survival. In 2013, the laboratory published eight papers investigating topics like the role of myosin VI in neuroexocytosis and the regulation of neuroexocytosis by Munc18-1. They also demonstrated that inhibition of PIKfyve activity leads to neuronal cell death by disrupting autophagy, implicating this pathway in neurodegenerative diseases. The laboratory continued to study vesicular trafficking and collaborated with other researchers on projects involving neurotoxin transport in neurons and dynamin inhibitors.
Human Molecular Genetics is a textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students that provides an integrated approach to the molecular aspects of human genetics. The fourth edition has been completely updated with new key concepts at the beginning of each chapter and annotated further reading to help navigate the wealth of information. Genomic technologies have been integrated throughout and next generation sequencing is included. Coverage of topics like cell biology, studying gene function and structure, and epigenetics have also been expanded.
This document summarizes research being conducted by Fanny Casado and her team on translational research of biomedical devices in Peru. The research includes:
1) Developing an advanced in vitro platform to study broiler chicken intestinal health and model coccidiosis, a parasitic disease affecting poultry.
2) Designing cost-effective wound dressings to promote chronic wound healing using endogenous growth factors.
3) Improving processing of cow intestines to supply safe raw materials for resorbable surgical sutures.
4) Creating an ultrasound-based tool to identify risk of diabetic foot ulcers in the Peruvian population.
This document summarizes a research study that aimed to identify biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through profiling of cerebrospinal fluid from ALS patients and control subjects. The study utilized surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry to analyze cerebrospinal fluid samples. Three potential biomarkers - transthyretin, cystatin C, and carboxy-terminal fragment of neuroendocrine protein 7B2 - were identified, and two were validated as biomarkers that distinguished ALS patients from control subjects.
This document contains 3 website URLs. The URLs are for the Romanian Wikipedia website, an Romanian cultural website called Observator Cultural, and a Romanian business and finance website called Wall-Street.
This document provides an overview of data access points on the lanacion.com website, including the last 3 blog posts, a highlights slider, news app, articles tagged with "Nacion Data", an open data catalog, a bus subsidies microsite, data visualizations tagged as "dataviz", a Twitter widget, Facebook page, and contact information as well as a video player and playlist.
1) A student attended a seminar given by an MD/PhD student about cancer stem cells in brain tumors.
2) The speaker explained that brain tumors like glioblastoma multiforme contain rare stem-like cancer cells that are resistant to chemotherapy and radiation.
3) These "cancer stem cells" are thought to be responsible for tumor metastasis and recurrence, so studying them could help improve brain tumor treatment.
It Is Time to Reevaluate the Management of Patients With Brain MetastasesApple Samsung
This document discusses 5 common misconceptions that clinicians have regarding treatment of patients with brain metastases. It summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Tossif Ghodiwala aimed at reevaluating the management of these patients. The 5 misconceptions are: 1) all tumor histologies are the same, 2) number of lesions matters most rather than total tumor volume, 3) micrometastases are always present, 4) whole brain radiation is always harmful, and 5) most metastases cause obvious symptoms. For each misconception, the document provides the current evidence and perspective that these views are outdated and that a more personalized approach is needed.
The document discusses recent discoveries in DNA and stem cells that are enabling new cancer treatments. It describes how the protein MutL helps repair DNA errors, and how this relates to hereditary cancers. It also discusses how stem cell research is helping understand tumor risk from stem cell therapies by identifying pathways for stem cell self-propagation and differentiation. The discoveries provide opportunities to develop targeted cancer therapies and better understand genetic diseases and stem cell behavior.
This document discusses three main topics:
1) Pericytes, not glial cells, are the primary cell type that forms scar tissue after spinal cord injuries. In the absence of pericytes, lesions do not scar over properly.
2) Increased rigidity of cancer cells activates proteins associated with cancer growth and metastasis. Applying mechanical forces to cells mimics this effect.
3) Discovering the role of pericytes and cell rigidity may help scientists develop new treatments for spinal cord injuries and cancer respectively.
This document discusses three main topics:
1) Pericytes, not glial cells, are the primary cells that form scar tissue after spinal cord injuries. Identifying pericytes could help repair spinal cord damage.
2) Increased stiffness in cancer cells activates proteins associated with cancer growth and metastasis. Manipulating cell stiffness could help stop cancer progression.
3) Applying mechanical force to cells activates cancer-linked proteins, revealing a potential pathway between physical tension and tumor formation. Further study may yield new cancer treatments.
The document discusses two scientific studies. The first study found that a specific stage in the cell cycle (G1 phase) being altered can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer development when telomeres are shortened. The second study discovered that after a heart attack in zebrafish, muscle cells from the undamaged atrium migrated into the damaged ventricle and transformed into ventricular cells, helping regenerate the heart tissue and restore cardiac function.
Stroma Cells May Inhibit the Growth of Pancreatic Cancer TumorsBradley Jobling
A study by Drs. Oberstein and Olive found that certain stromal cells in pancreatic tumors may inhibit, rather than support, cancer growth in the earlier stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. When mice with pancreatic cancer and reduced stromal cells were treated with long-term chemotherapy, their survival decreased similar to results seen in human clinical trials. Further research indicates some stromal cell types can restrain pancreatic tumor development, disproving the common belief that stromal cells mainly promote cancer.
This document summarizes two scientific articles. The first article discusses how the condensin protein folds chromosome arms during cell division in yeast, helping prevent errors. The second article discusses how scientists identified molecular mechanisms behind DNA breakage, a hallmark of cancer cells, finding some DNA regions are more susceptible to damage and cancer results when repair mechanisms fail. The document discusses potential medical applications, like developing new treatments that target these molecules to help prevent genetic disorders and cancers.
Is Cancer a Genetic Disease? | The Cancer Genome Atlas Project ResultsMarkSloan21
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Today we’re going to put the genetic theory of cancer to the test to find out once-and-for-all if cancer is a genetic disease. From studies on frog egg tumor transplants, to cybrids to the cancer genome atlas project, we're going to look deep into the evidence and see what we find.
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The cell and its evolution:
*Stanford researchers produce 12 cell types from human stem cells in days.
*Study uncovers new drug-gene mutation combinations that can kill cancer cells
This document discusses several topics related to cancer research and treatment. It begins by explaining that cancer arises from errors in cell replication that can be caused by environmental or lifestyle factors. It then discusses several studies, including one finding that daily multivitamin supplements may reduce cancer risk in older men, and another showing that ovarian cancer screenings are not effective in reducing mortality. The document also discusses how cancer stem cells can fuel tumor growth and how targeting these cells may lead to more effective treatments. Overall, it presents the complexity of cancers and explores new strategies for research based on a deeper understanding of the disease at the cellular level.
Stem cell research offers potential benefits for treating diseases like cancer, neurological disorders, and skin damage. It may provide cures through cell replacement and regeneration of tissues. However, some argue that using embryonic stem cells is unethical as it involves destroying embryos. While opponents see no moral issue as embryos are just clusters of cells at early stages. Overall stem cell research promises progress but also debates around its application that require ethical guidelines.
The document provides an overview of research projects funded by AXA on cancer and cancer-related topics. It summarizes 23 projects funded for junior researchers and 6 for senior researchers focused on understanding cancer mechanisms, diagnosis, and innovative treatments. The projects cover topics like identifying proteins essential for tumor formation, genomic instability in cancer, barriers to tissue regeneration, metastasis, mechanical forces in tumor growth, and developing targeted drug delivery using nanoparticles. Over €35.9M has been committed to life risks research projects, with over €5M going towards cancer-related research.
Researchers have developed a new method for tracking cell signaling that allows them to determine the origin of intracellular and secreted proteins in multicellular cultures. Scientists have also created a new mouse model that has provided insights into why Duchenne muscular dystrophy is lethal in humans but not mice. The mouse model demonstrates that cardiac complications in DMD patients are due to oxidative stress caused by defects in the dystrophin gene that lead to short telomeres. This discovery could help in developing antioxidant treatments to protect cardiomyocytes and potentially extend the lives of DMD patients.
This presentation reviews the current neurosurgical management of patients with medulloblastoma, including the data on molecular subtyping; uses “medulloblastoma” as a springboard to discuss other topics / tumor cell biology in general; and formulates research questions to further advance neurosurgical basic science.
Metastatic Breast Cancer and The Tumor MicroenvironmentAmandaRussell40
This document summarizes research on how the tumor microenvironment influences metastasis at every step of the metastatic cascade. Key points include: (1) the microenvironment can suppress or promote tumorigenesis; (2) the perivascular niche protects disseminated tumor cells and keeps them dormant; (3) targeting the integrin receptors that mediate tumor cell interactions with the vascular niche can sensitize dormant tumor cells to chemotherapy and prevent metastasis without increasing toxicity.
The Opposing Viewpoint of Stem CellStem cell research explores t.docxoreo10
The Opposing Viewpoint of Stem Cell
Stem cell research explores the nature and growth capabilities of cells essential for ensuring replacement of cells in living organisms (Paddock, 2017). Such cells have an advantage of being manipulated to any type of cells as it is deemed necessary by the scientists based on scarcity or slow rejuvenation process of the natural cells. The general public has largely adopted a reserved approach to stem cell research and therapy despite the positive research and development showcased by leading scientists including;
· Jun Takahashi: he explored the safety and applicability of stem cell therapy in primates in relations to the Parkinson’s disease, recording a major success between the interaction of human cells and animals (Sandoiu). Furthermore, no long-term negative effect was established from the treatment that saw full recovery of the primates.
· Hai Nguyen, Aileen Anderson and colleagues: carried a similar exercise on injured mice to record tremendous success of the donor cells in a period ranging immediately after the induction process to at most one month (Society for Neuroscience. 2017).
· Scientists from the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute in Los Angeles CA: highlighted the need for stem therapy in replacing aging heart muscles using rats (Paddock, 2017). The induced cells were able to grow and multiply thus repair the heart muscles of the older rats to improve the general body functioning.
Despite the breathtaking discoveries as tested and presented by these scientists, ethical concerns have prevailed to the dismay of an excited global scientists’ fraternity. The general public is cautious in its approach to stem cell therapy from various reasons ranging from the potential to cause cancer to how the media overrates the treatment process that still has critical gaps to full implementation (Begley, 2017). There are two major concerns that arise from the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute research as reported by Paddock. The first concern as perceived by the layman defined as the general public is the fact the findings are based on animals other than human beings. This experiment was purely run on rodent tissue thus raising a legitimate query as to the consistency if replicated in humans. The second concern arises from Paddocks admission that the scientists proposed the need for further research to determine whether the findings are only valid when the donors are young (2017).
Since the same article admits the fact modern day medicine has seen prolonged life with a possibility of the elderly to exceed the children population, such a dependency on young donors may endanger the human species in the long run.
The excitement surrounding Stem Cell Research is magnified through mainstream media that often cares about moving volumes in sales rather than realistically highlight the caution or reservations pronounced by scientists. However, Sharon Begley is exemplary in her revelation of a high-risk gap in research that li ...
The document summarizes a seminar about the relationship between stem cells and brain tumors. The seminar discussed that stem cells are found in bone marrow and can generate mature cells, and that there are different types of aggressive brain tumors. It was explained that cancer stem cells are resistant to chemotherapy and need microRNAs to be killed, as microRNAs can regulate genes involved in cancer and help distinguish cancerous from non-cancerous tissue. The seminar inspired the author by showing scientific progress and the presenter's passion for research.
Juan Carlos Torres Sanchez is seeking research experience in immunology and virology. He has a B.A. from the University of Puerto Rico-Cayey Campus and conducted research as part of the Summer Bridge Program and a high school student research program. His research experience includes participating in a high school student research program and authoring a paper on predicting mutations and strain comparison of Clostridium Tetani's toxin. He has skills in teamwork, organization, responsibility, time efficiency, microscopy techniques, micropipetting, and scientific review paper writing.
This document provides instructions for laboratory writing assignments for the University of Puerto Rico - Cayey RISE Program. Students are asked to write an 8-10 sentence summary paragraph of 160-170 words for each assignment. They must complete an attached template and email it to Dr. Elena Gonzalez for grading using the provided rubric. Within two days, students must email the assignment to the instructor with any corrections. The rubric assesses the purpose and techniques, biological competence, English competence, and critical thinking demonstrated in the summary.
1) The document provides instructions for laboratory writing assignments as part of the RISE Program at the University of Puerto Rico - Cayey. It details the requirements for assignment summaries, including length, formatting, and grading rubric.
2) Three sample laboratory assignment summaries are included as examples. The first summarizes experiments involving column chromatography and SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis to isolate and identify proteins from egg whites. The second describes experiments and a sheep brain dissection in a neurobiology workshop. The third explains in silico structure-based drug design to discover new drugs through computer modeling of protein-drug interactions.
3) The assignments and examples demonstrate techniques used in biomedical research laboratories to
The document provides instructions and templates for laboratory writing assignments as part of the RISE Program at the University of Puerto Rico - Cayey. It details 3 workshops that students participated in to learn various laboratory techniques. The first workshop covered microscopy techniques including bright field, dark field, and phase contrast microscopy as well as photomicrography. The second workshop involved using micropipettes, performing aseptic techniques, and working with bacteria. The third workshop over 3 days taught techniques in DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis, protein separation, and detection of oncogenes and oncoproteins. The document emphasizes that mastery of these laboratory techniques is important for scientific discovery and diagnostic applications in
Bioinformatics, comparative genemics and proteomicsjuancarlosrise
Bioinformatics uses computer tools to analyze genomic DNA sequences and takes a more global perspective in experimental design. Comparative genomics studies the relationship of genome structure and function across species, exploiting similarities and differences to infer evolutionary changes. Proteomics is the large-scale study of protein structure and function, analyzing the complete set of proteins specified by a genome. Together, bioinformatics, comparative genomics, and proteomics have helped gather knowledge about mycobacteriophages and improve disease research.
This document summarizes research into discovering inhibitors for the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2 through in silico methods. The researchers generated pharmacophore models of the S-adenosyl methionine binding site of SETD2 and screened a database of over 150,000 compounds. Top hits with predicted binding energies below -9 kcal/mol were identified, and future work will involve refining models, screening more databases, and testing top compounds in assays. The goal is to identify novel SETD2 inhibitors for potential use in cancer treatment targeting epigenetic changes.
In silico discovery of histone methyltranferase 1juancarlosrise
This study investigated potential inhibitors of the histone methyltransferase SETD2 using in silico methods. Two pharmacophore models were generated and used to screen a database of 150,000 compounds, filtering it to 31,669 potential leads. Molecular docking ranked these by predicted binding energy, identifying 58 compounds with binding energies from -9.7 to -9.0 kcal/mol. Further refinement of the models and testing of top-scoring compounds may reveal inhibitors of histone methylation and cancer progression.
This document summarizes a research article that evaluated cystatin C as a potential biomarker for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The study found that cystatin C concentration decreased in the cerebral spinal fluid but increased in the plasma of ALS patients compared to healthy individuals. Cystatin C levels in cerebral spinal fluid were also found to correlate with patient survival time, demonstrating its potential utility as a prognostic biomarker. The results suggest cystatin C may play a neuroprotective role in ALS and represent an important step towards identifying a biomarker that could aid in early detection and monitoring of the disease.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons and usually results in death within 2-5 years of symptom onset. Researchers used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to analyze cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples from ALS patients and controls to search for biomarkers in early ALS. The study found that NMR spectroscopy, when combined with other analytical techniques, could detect changes in certain CSF metabolite concentrations for ALS patients. However, the mechanisms of ALS are complex and no single biomarker has been identified that could replace regular patient checkups.
This document discusses using proteomics and metabolomics techniques to identify biomarkers for early detection of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). It describes previous proteomics studies that identified three biomarkers in CSF and interest in cystatin C as a diagnostic biomarker. Metabolomics studies using NMR on CSF have also found 17 relevant metabolites and perturbations in glucose metabolism. The conclusion is that proteomics and metabolomics show promise as techniques for early ALS detection but require further validation studies.
Proteomics and metabolomics studies are investigating biomarkers for early detection of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Proteomics identified three biomarkers, including decreased transthyretin and increased cystatin C levels. Metabolomics identified 17 potential biomarkers by analyzing cerebrospinal fluid and found perturbations in glucose metabolism. While these areas of research have advanced biomarker identification, validation of results is still needed. Continued studies may allow biomarkers to be used in routine patient checkups to enable early diagnosis and treatment of ALS.
Leiddy Alvarado gave a seminar about her research using metabolomic techniques like NMR and MS to identify biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer recurrence in patients. Her research has identified eleven potential biomarkers and passed pre-validation testing, giving hope that a simple blood test could predict prognosis without invasive surgery. If fully validated and commercialized, this technique could allow patients to learn their prognosis through a basic blood test instead of surgery or high medical costs. Metabolomic studies may also be useful for detecting biomarkers of other diseases beyond cancer.
The seminar exposed the author to new concepts in proteomics and biomarkers. Biomarkers help trace cancers by identifying sets of proteins encoded in a genome. Mass spectrometry is important for discovering protein biomarkers by analyzing serum and tissue samples. However, proteomics presents challenges in determining which potential biomarkers identified are most likely to be valid, as many may be identified but require further validation stages to identify the ones most effective. It is difficult to reach the final validation stage, requiring perseverance from investigators.
This document compares the Yunque Rainforest and Guanica Dry Forest biomes in Puerto Rico. The Yunque Rainforest receives 200-400 cm of annual precipitation and supports a diversity of broadleaf trees, epiphytes, and 200+ plant species. The Guanica Dry Forest receives 150-200 cm annually with a long dry season, and its plants like button mangroves and acacias have adaptations like thorns and reduced leaves to resist water loss. Methodologies conducted in each forest examined soil properties, temperature, and vegetation differences driven by their distinct climates.
This study aims to demonstrate how glucose levels affect beta cell regeneration in type 1 diabetic rats. Rats will be divided into three groups: non-diabetic controls, and two diabetic groups with induced high or moderate glucose levels. Glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin will be measured over six months. The researchers hypothesize that the group with moderate glucose levels will regenerate 50% of beta cells due to better glucose metabolism and control.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Reflection 1 official
1. Juan Carlos Torres Sánchez 804-11-9230 BIOL 3095 5/18/2012
Seminar 1 on Stem Cells, Discussing the Seminar Presentation
On September 26 and 27, we had a seminar with Jessian Muñoz, a college graduate
student fromNew Jersey Medical School. This experience has opened my mind in
relation to a new aspect of science I did not know quite well, cancer stem cells. How
could cancer stem cells be the primary cause of brain tumors? That question was well
answered by our seminar person of this week, Mr. Jessian Muñoz. Due to his
knowledge, we learned about brain tumors, what the starting point is,and about a new
topic, the microRNA. The microRNA was discovered in the human genome project,
whichdemonstrates how science discoveries have made lots of great advances in
benefits of health care. Dysfunction in microRNA signaling is present in all cancers
that have been studied thus far.
There was also the discussion about cancer stem cells (CSC). Cancer stem cells are
the of brain tumors. The problem that we had before was that with chemotherapy, the
cells that were targeted were the ones around the cancer stem cells so the cancer
would normally spread again. What they are trying to do is to suppress the pathway of
the stem cells so that stem cells will become responsive to chemo and radiotherapy.
They are encountering problems with this procedure also as cancer stem cells are
reappearing after therapy. Finding these cancer stem cells implies that this could be
the cure for cancer. Also, stem cells could be applied to different studies, for example
new knowledge has been provided that giving stem cells to a person with diabetes
could help regenerate their pancreatic beta cells.
Jessian’slifelong goals changed during the course of his studies, he went from
wanting to be a pedriatitian to studying a PhD. This demonstrates how it doesn’t
matter how long it will takeor if I change my goals, as long as I persevere it will be all
2. worth it at the end. I recommendthese types of seminars to anyone who wants to be
more knowledgeable on exciting topics.