What Does Sound Contribute to Movies Chapter 8Learning Ob.docxphilipnelson29183
What Does Sound Contribute to Movies? Chapter 8
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
• Describe how sound contributes to the overall impact of films.
• Trace the history of sound from the Silent Era through talkies.
• Describe the basic types of sound recording and playback technology used for films, past
and present.
• Explain how dialogue, sound effects, and music work individually and together in a film’s
soundtrack, and understand the difference between a score and a soundtrack.
• Identify and appreciate how various sound production techniques contribute to what you
experience in a finished film.
8.1 What Does Sound Contribute to Movies?
At the beginning of Star Wars: Episode IV—A New Hope, we don’t see Darth Vader, Luke
Skywalker, Han Solo, or any of the other soon-to-be-iconic characters. No, instead, we see words.
The backstory about the Empire and the resistance scrolls up the screen, telling us that we’re
watching a story set “a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away.” It sounds like a rather dull start for
what would become the most lucrative series of films in movie history. But it’s not. Instead, it’s
exciting, making us anticipate what we’re about to see (that is certainly the case the first time we
see it). It’s not the visuals, certainly. What is it, then?
It is the music. John Williams’s stirring score (the background music) grabs us by the collar
and forces us to sit up in our seats; it demands our attention, drawing us in from practically the
first note. Try watching the opening of Star Wars with the sound turned down, and you will be
startled. Williams’s score is our introduction to the film, and it is a magnetic one.
Once the film starts, it’s not just the music that thrills us. The sound effects are also essential to
our enjoyment of Star Wars—the mechanical, menacing breathing of Darth Vader; the electronic
hum of the light sabers; the roar of the enormous space ships; even the silence of space. The same
applies to the dialogue, which includes any num-
ber of memorable lines and helps to advance the
plot, explain relationships, and establish charac-
terizations. In fact, the personality of robot C3PO
comes just as much from the dialogue and its
delivery as from the movements of the actor in
the distinctive costume.
As hard as it may be to fathom, movies were once
silent, at least in the case of having no recorded
dialogue or sound effects. There was always,
however, a musical accompaniment to help inter-
pret the moods for the audience, just as today’s
movies often rely upon evocative music scores
to intensify dramatic impact. But instead of
being pre-recorded, the music was played live at
each showing in the theater. Many of these so-
called “silent” films are without question great—
Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton are among
Courtesy Everett Collection
▲▲ Silent films such as Sherlock Jr. were accompanied by
live music. .
What Does Sound Contribute to Movies Chapter 8Learning Ob.docxphilipnelson29183
What Does Sound Contribute to Movies? Chapter 8
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
• Describe how sound contributes to the overall impact of films.
• Trace the history of sound from the Silent Era through talkies.
• Describe the basic types of sound recording and playback technology used for films, past
and present.
• Explain how dialogue, sound effects, and music work individually and together in a film’s
soundtrack, and understand the difference between a score and a soundtrack.
• Identify and appreciate how various sound production techniques contribute to what you
experience in a finished film.
8.1 What Does Sound Contribute to Movies?
At the beginning of Star Wars: Episode IV—A New Hope, we don’t see Darth Vader, Luke
Skywalker, Han Solo, or any of the other soon-to-be-iconic characters. No, instead, we see words.
The backstory about the Empire and the resistance scrolls up the screen, telling us that we’re
watching a story set “a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away.” It sounds like a rather dull start for
what would become the most lucrative series of films in movie history. But it’s not. Instead, it’s
exciting, making us anticipate what we’re about to see (that is certainly the case the first time we
see it). It’s not the visuals, certainly. What is it, then?
It is the music. John Williams’s stirring score (the background music) grabs us by the collar
and forces us to sit up in our seats; it demands our attention, drawing us in from practically the
first note. Try watching the opening of Star Wars with the sound turned down, and you will be
startled. Williams’s score is our introduction to the film, and it is a magnetic one.
Once the film starts, it’s not just the music that thrills us. The sound effects are also essential to
our enjoyment of Star Wars—the mechanical, menacing breathing of Darth Vader; the electronic
hum of the light sabers; the roar of the enormous space ships; even the silence of space. The same
applies to the dialogue, which includes any num-
ber of memorable lines and helps to advance the
plot, explain relationships, and establish charac-
terizations. In fact, the personality of robot C3PO
comes just as much from the dialogue and its
delivery as from the movements of the actor in
the distinctive costume.
As hard as it may be to fathom, movies were once
silent, at least in the case of having no recorded
dialogue or sound effects. There was always,
however, a musical accompaniment to help inter-
pret the moods for the audience, just as today’s
movies often rely upon evocative music scores
to intensify dramatic impact. But instead of
being pre-recorded, the music was played live at
each showing in the theater. Many of these so-
called “silent” films are without question great—
Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton are among
Courtesy Everett Collection
▲▲ Silent films such as Sherlock Jr. were accompanied by
live music. .
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Hadj Ounis's most notable work is his sculpture titled "Metamorphosis." This piece showcases Ounis's mastery of form and texture, as he seamlessly combines metal and wood to create a dynamic and visually striking composition. The juxtaposition of the two materials creates a sense of tension and harmony, inviting viewers to contemplate the relationship between nature and industry.
2137ad Merindol Colony Interiors where refugee try to build a seemengly norm...luforfor
This are the interiors of the Merindol Colony in 2137ad after the Climate Change Collapse and the Apocalipse Wars. Merindol is a small Colony in the Italian Alps where there are around 4000 humans. The Colony values mainly around meritocracy and selection by effort.
2137ad - Characters that live in Merindol and are at the center of main storiesluforfor
Kurgan is a russian expatriate that is secretly in love with Sonia Contado. Henry is a british soldier that took refuge in Merindol Colony in 2137ad. He is the lover of Sonia Contado.
2. My idea is to create a music video in which I subtly show the severity of pollution and destruction of habitat whilst showing the
beauty of the natural world which is left. I want to have the video coinciding with classical music, I want to use this as I think it
will draw the audience to the shot which could just be glanced at if it were a different, more energetic track. The visuals will be
driven with images of power stations, windfarms, roads and other places where urban architecture is greeted by the natural,
untouched world.
production
3. Existing product 1
Glue- Bicep The song, "Glue" by the group Bicep is notorious for being tranquil,
yet being part of the techno community, which can be calm, however most
are chaotic. The music video for the song, made by Joe Wilson, perfectly
reflects the atmosphere of the track. Still and slow forward moving shots of
the Northern English countryside and some of its industrial urban areas.
My influence for the video comes from its filters so that the image pictured
is very quaint in how saturated the colours are or would be seeing
the same place with the human eye. This is somewhat the exact premise of
my idea, The imagery used is what I am wanting to incorporate into my
own work, though its simplicity makes it seem quite straightforward, and in
a sense it is, compared to many other music videos, in which mass editing
is used to create chaotic and music producer/singer/creator orientated,
whereas DJ's tend to not use anyone's specific voice, or no voice at all like
this song. So this gives freedom to the form in which they present the
video.
4. Weval - Someday
Although I am somewhat ill prepared to take on the task of even slightly
recreating this video, it inspires me in its way of lighting and its relationship
to the beat and melody. I love the filters used on the images, it really
exaggerates the use of colour and creates a visual satisfaction you don’t get
with many music videos in this day and age.
5. Existing product 2 This scene from the movie platoon incorporates one of the most notorious pieces of classical
music and using it in the most emotional way. The piece used, "Adiago for Strings", is highly
regarded due to this scene and its significance has impacted the way films are made. No other
orchestral piece could convey the emotion that is presented in Platoon. Willem Dafoe is being
chased out of enemy lines after being shot by one of his comrades. His last moments were
spent running as fast as he could while being shot down by the Vietnamise soldiers. This is
significant as we as the audience know he could have been safe, the other characters are left in
an escape helicopter and are safe looking down on Willems character being butchered. This is
especially impactful due to the nature of the situation, but also because of the slow motion
used to convey the emotion. This creates an iconic moment, its chance mostly, obviously
however when the scene is done so well it is hard not to recognize is as a work of art and
"iconic". Action and war films often heavily feature the use of slow-motion. As the epitome of
chaos, battle scenes use slow-motion to redirect the viewer’s attention to important details
that would otherwise go unnoticed. The control of time is the viewing experience. Using slow-
mo in action scenes allows filmmakers to "paint" within the chaos, create drama on a grandiose
scale, and achieve a deeper impact.
6. One of the most, if not, the most recognisable pieces in media
and movies today. Referenced in countless pieces of cinema and
other media, mocking and paying homage, this paved the way
for modern cinema and its relation to the music used within and
during a scene. This is especially impactful as it is at the start of
the film, setting the uncanny feeling and amazement of space
for the rest of the film, made before the moon landing
happened in 1969, Its awe confused, angered and amazed the
audience it was made for in 1968. It became a staple scene in
cinema history and culture that really showed off the use of
classical and orchestral pieces. Like in most films, there is a
medley, suspenseful music that sets the scene for that specific
scene. This just solidifies the fact that you cannot produce the
same feeling you would say If you used none or a different
selection of sounds. The specific sound wave spectrum humans
use ,and have used for the last several hundred years with a full
instrumental orchestra, has the power to make these moments
that send a shiver down your spine. And I want to incorporate
this sense of awe into my work.
2001: A space odyssey
7. World War Z opening sequence
Though this film is not widley regarded as a "good" film as it is as far away from the source material as it
could be. It still has zombies, which is one of the features the book and film share, which is nice.
However, I am focusing on the start credits. Many films skim over this part and it is looked at as if it’s a
somewhat old type of thing to do. I know many films do it today, but this gives off a spine tingling, hair
raising sensation of inevitable doom for humans. The credits skim over many topics and show many
sources of pollution, news, consumerism and it focuses on the fact we, as humans are oblivious to the fact
our world is decaying due to our own actions and the population is rising for a generation who, mostly
won't be able to inhabit it in the next 100 years at the rate that we are doing this at.
8. Andrew Goodwin's theory on music videos and their 6 features.
• Music videos demonstrate genre characteristics.
(e.g. stage performance in metal videos, dance routine for boy/girl band, aspiration in Hip Hop).
• There is a relationship between lyrics and visuals. The lyrics are represented with images.(either
illustrative, amplifying, contradicting).
• There is a relationship between music and visuals. The tone and atmosphere of the visual
reflects that of the music.
(either illustrative, amplifying, contradicting).
• The demands of the record label will include the need for lots of close ups of the artist and the
artist may develop motifs which recur across their work (a visual style).
• There is frequently reference to notion of looking (screens within screens, mirrors, stages, etc)
and particularly voyeuristic treatment of the female body.
• There are often intertextual reference (to films, tv programmes, other music videos etc).
Music videos allow artists to convey the same emotion and atmosphere as if they were live, it helps them to convey an actual
vision they have as well. This is all done to engage their audience, so they eventually buy their music in some way or another.
Andrew Goodwin in his 'book dancing in the distraction factory', speculates that there are 6 features to a music video.
9. Here is my chosen collection of classical and modern orchestral pieces I could
possibly use in my project. I think that no other music could convey the
emotion of the severity of the issue of which I am filming. I think the contrast
of the peaceful, yet eerie piece is perfectly suiting for the atmosphere I want
to interoperate.
10. Christopher Nolan's movies, in more recent years, excluding his Dark Knight trilogy, are pieces of cinema that please the eye and play with the concept of time and continuity. After his
breakthrough movie "memento" he showed he can do a lot more than just a straightforward lineal story. He showed that he can make a story as complicated as it can be and still be able to
pull it off as any other movie. Memento takes what would be and could be a start to finish movie but it does a lot more than this, Guy Pearce's character in the film has a disorder where he
wakes up every morning forgetting who he is and what has happened in his life, now, Nolan could have just shown his disorder in the eyes of the audience watching the lineal story that was
this few days of this person's life, however, he takes this concept and turns it into how the character would have experienced this collection of events. Showing flash backs and flash forwards
throughout, completely reimagining the way audiences can view stories. The movie requires full attention from the audience and possibly multiple viewings to fully understand what is going
on. Nolan's obsession with the concept of time can then be seen in his later works like interstellar, Inception and most recently, in his currently unreleased film, Tenet, where I believe
Christopher Nolan will fully explore time travel and I also think this is what he has been wanting to do for a number of years. Before this, he never explored time travel, only dabbled in what
could be possible like in interstellar where time dilation next to a black hole is encountered. But Tenet is about time travel, the trailer shows people existing in what seems to be time going
backwards, it's difficult to put into words, however in the trailer this boat is moving backwards through the water and people can be seen to interacting and doing what they would be doing so
time for them is forwards but the world around them is moving backwards. Other than a few other scenes where we can see this happening with a crashing car and fight scenes that are in
reverse, it will be interesting to see Nolan's justification for the actual science of the type of time travel he uses to see if what's happening can be believable as a concept. Nolan does not just
focus on these visuals; he incorporates these visuals into his fighting and action scenes; the most notable being the inception hallway scene. If I were doing a project that were to last a long
time I would take in and adapt Nolan's innovative concept, however the inspiration I will be using from him will be based on his cinematography.
Wally Pfister and Hoyte van Hoytema are a couple of Nolan's go to cinematographers with Pfister being involved in Inception, The Prestige and the dark knight trilogy whereas Hoytema was
involved in projects like interstellar, Dunkirk, Memento, and although it is not a Chris Nolan film, however it is a film I am using in my inspiration, Ad Astra which is visually similar to this genre I
am using for inspiration.
The word tenet has been
taken from
the palindrome tablet
seen as far back as
the Roman era.
11. Christopher Nolan & Hans Zimmer
One of, if not, my favorite collaborations in cinema. The Duo complement each other's work in a way that makes the Scene of the movie have an
earie yet subliminally meaningful and an almost calm yet chaotic presence. Unlike other action scenes, Hans Zimmer creates a calm backing theme
that also presents a sense of tension an emotion, this is most notable, with his most popular medley being "time" which is heard alongside scenes
in inception. There is a constant ticking in Zimmer's' work for inception and is somewhat noticeable in interstellar. This counting of every second
presents a sense of impending doom. Even more so, when in the movie interstellar, crew members journey to "Millers planet" which is orbiting the
black hole "Gargantua". Due to the time dilation of being close to a black hole , when the crew travel there, one hour that they stay on that planet
is 7 years in general relative time. Furthermore, the tension on this planet is high enough, time is valuable, Hans Zimmer's score has a constant
ticking, each tick is showing the passing of one day in regular time. The team are held back while their other crew member is orbiting in regular
time. The team gets back to the orbiting ship and 24 years had passed. Zimmer's music perfectly represents the time and emotion of the scene he
shows, without being too dramatic, the severity of the situation and the inconceivable aspect that Chris Nolan is trying to present. I like this
particular element of their collaboration. I want to incorporate this sense of impending destruction into my own work with visuals of power
stations and other pollutants. I want to show this through the soundtrack, the feeling that we don’t have long left, that it Is the start of the end.
12. Roger Deakins
Roger Deakins has become one of the most notorious cinematographers in modern cinema for his keen eye on how light works and how it affects the
atmosphere and setting of the scene. Working on titles like, blade runner 2049, 1984, Skyfall, Fargo and prisoners, just to name a few. It is impossible to miss the
similarities in Deakins' work, his perception and intimacy with the character and their light sources present a shot where the audience must feel close to
the character. This type of filming is important for character study and will accelerate the process of the audience feeling they know them and start to have
empathy towards them, this creates raw tension and gripping scenes that we see in the films he has worked on. A similarity between the three is, for the most
part anyway, excluding wide and world building shots, is that the camera is at a very level landscape medium shot of its characters which increases the
audience's involvement with the character.
Although my production lacks any specific character or person, I want to incorporate the aspect
of the lighting and filtering he uses to create these awesome spectacles. To do this, I may have
to film at dawn or dusk to achieve optimum light conditions.
13. colour theory
Colour theory is the emotion aspect of colour usage in film and general media. It dictates the atmosphere of a scene and
deciphers which emotion will be associated with each shade and colour. Although I will be shooting in natural light, I still believe
this is an important thing to take in and work on. And I can edit the image in photoshop to create a better and more prevalent
image that conveys the atmosphere I'm trying to aim for. I believe I will factor in emotions such as an awakening feeling as my
english countryside setting will involve a lot of green
14. audience demographics
Target audience- My target audience consists of the same audience that would be associated with titles like 'Glue'
My project is aimed at persons who are concerned with the environment. In this there is a sub audience that appreciates
artistic visuals and the awe and impact that nature has on these visuals. Green peace hires filmmakers to create awe inspiring,
well shot videos that show the destruction of the environment and addresses other problems that the environment is
facing, such as pollution.
15. None profit, none government activist groups
Greenpeace is a none profit organization based on awareness of pollution and sustainability. They focus on making short films and protesting
things that are not environmentally stable and destructive practices that humans take part in. Greenpeace employ film makers to create these
awesome spectacles that present the issue of the many problems that face the world. My project will be somewhat similar in the sense its
purpose is to educate and spread awareness subtly through the imagery I am including in my video. This consists of power stations
and windfarms
i Think this turtle video made by aardman perfectly shines a light on the
issues an draws an emotional response from its audience. Obvio
16. Questionnaire.
what would you like to see from a music video
including lyricalness music or a classical piece.
Would you prefer fast cuts in the video or
prefer long shots and how long would you
want them to last?
Do you prefer performer orientated videos or
videos that are there purely for aesthetics and
locations.
W
17. Market demographics
From my personal research of looking for as many similar videos as I could for the style I want to present, I encountered some
of which I can and will use inspiration from however, many are not what i am trying to crete, therefore rendered useless to my
work. So, despite the lack of videos to my knowledge it presents the fact that it is a rare sort of thing to produce. This shows
that there is a gap in the market for videos like this one.
18. Pre-production and tests My optimal filter for my project is the ones seen in "glue" by
bicep. Just from looking at it seems the saturation has been
lowered.
In pre production I will be testing to see what my optimal level
for saturation will be for shots like this, however the natural
light when shooting my video will have to be my main source
of light and will be the deciding factor of what the main color
of the sky and the sun interacting with the sky. This will be the
atmosphere for the shot. However, I can use photoshop to
change the distribution and colours to an extent. I will only use
these methods if the image still looks like it was shot in natural
light, or even darker. I can reduce the saturation and exposure
to create a sort of desolate landscape and a dark environment
that will then create a dark and unforgiving atmosphere that
will eventually lead to draw this raw emotion from my
audience.
19. Contingency plan and location options
Possible shooting locations include Drax power
station