This document discusses the topics of interfaces, dialogs, and databases (IID) covered in Week 11 of the course. It covers key concepts like user interface design, logical data modeling, and the relational data model. The basics of Entity-Relationship diagrams are explained including entities, entity types, and relationship types. User interface design considerations like forms, controlling input, and providing feedback and help are outlined. Database design models like hierarchical, network, and relational models are also summarized.

1. Designing interfaces, dialogs,
and database
SENG 123:
Introduction to Computer Software Engineering
By
Atilla Elçi
20.12.2020 Intro Comp SWE 1

2. WEEKLY SCHEDULE
Week Topics PPTs Text
1 Intro to the course;
An overview of software engineering concepts
Intro;
Concepts
Preface;
Ch.1
2 Engineering, software engineering, ethics Engin…
3 Software development life cycle SDLC Ch.2
4 Software development life cycle SDLC Ch.2
5 Practical UML -
6 Requirements analysis and software
specification
Req Ch.3
7 Midterm Examination Week 25.11.2020 18:00-21:00
8 Software development project management PM Ch.4- 1st half
9 Software project analysis and design SAD Ch.5
10 Object-oriented analysis and design OOAD Ch.6- 1st half
11 Interfaces, dialogs, and database IID Ch.7
12 coding and debugging; software testing
13 Implementation and maintenance; reliability and
quality
14 Review; Q & A.
20.12.2020 Intro Comp SWE 2

3. Here
we
are!
20.12.2020 Intro Comp SWE 3

4. Interfaces, Dialogs, & Database (IID)
• Basics of system interface and dialogue design.
• Rules for designing the interfaces and dialogues.
• Sequences of interface display.
• Navigation between forms and reports,
deliverables.
• Meeting data requirements of the system while
using the interfaces, databases, forms, and
reports
• Entity-Relationship (E-R) diagrams and the
graphical notations.
20.12.2020 Intro Comp SWE 4

5. IID Concepts
• User interface design: the design of forms and reports
are the design of human-computer interface.
• Logical data modeling:
– Normalizing the data for a stable structure: thus avoiding
redundancy.
– Meeting the actual data requirement of the forms and
reports of an information system.
– Helping in building a physical database.
• Relational data model: the best logical data model is
the relational; we will discuss about the basic principles
of the relational data models as Entity-Relationship (E-
R) diagrams.
20.12.2020 Intro Comp SWE 5

6. User Interface Design
• Interaction Methods and Devices:
– Command Language Interaction: by user typing commands
– Menu Interaction: user selects an action from a menu, it may
lead to another menu or command
– Form interaction: used for data entry and retrieval
– Object-based interation: user clicks an icon through some kind
of pointing device to actuate the corresponding command.
– Natural Language Interaction: entering commands using a
natural language using keyboard and/or voice entry system.
– Hardware interaction: such as mouse and keyboard or other
graphical user environment such as pointing devices, for
example, mice, joystick, trackballs, touch screens, and so on.
20.12.2020 Intro Comp SWE 6

7. User Interface Design - 2
• Interface design:
– Forms: use paper-like forms for data entry and display
– Structuring data entry: only needed data entered in
the format and amount prescribed
– Controlling input data: to reduce data entry errors
– Providing feedback: provide feedback on entry and
actions
– Providing help: provide guidance and assistance
– Controlling user access: monitor user access to data
through authentication rules, views, encryption, and
user identification.
20.12.2020 Intro Comp SWE 7

8. Database Design
• The logical design: the blueprint of the database.
• Database (DB) models:
– Hierarchical model: A hierarchy of data nodes structured as layers:
root, parent, children, leaves, and so on.
• Historically the very first approach
– Network model: The DB is a directed graph of nodes connected by
links. Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language are
its tools. Involves 3 views of data:
• Schema: conseptual view
• Subschema: user (/programmer) view
• Data storage definition language: physical details of storage.
– Relational model: the association (/realtionship) among data items
(/entities) are the key concern. Data is processed through its relations.
• Entity-Relationship model
• This model is widely used and is more popular than other models.
20.12.2020 Intro Comp SWE 8

9. E-R Paradigm
• The E-R data models are used to represent a
conceptual view of organizational data independent of
any particular database processing technology.
• Main tools are:
– E-R diagrams,
– Structured Query Language
• Entity: data item (i.e., data of a person, location,
object, or event)
• Entity Type: a class of entities having same
characteristics.
• Entity instance: an instance, a unique entity element.
20.12.2020 Intro Comp SWE 9

10. E-R Diagrams: basic symbols
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• Also consider
relationship
multiplicity:
• One-to-one (1:1)
• One-to-many (1:M)
• Many-to-many (M:M)
• See Fig 7.5

11. https://diagram.homeurl.us/er-and-eer-diagram-
examples/entity-relationship-modeling-102/
20.12.2020 Intro Comp SWE 11

12. Readings on IID (optional)
• (Extensive content!) Learn Human-Computer
Interface:
– https://www.tutorialspoint.com/human_compute
r_interface/
• (Advanced) Designing Interfaces and Dialogs:
– https://slideplayer.com/slide/6020146/
–
20.12.2020 Intro Comp SWE 12

13. Terminology - Terimler continued
• Interface: arayüz
• Dialog: iletişim
• Database: veritabanı
• DB: VT
• Entity-Relationship (E-R):
Nesne-İlişki (N-İ)
• Navigation: dolaşım,
dolaşma
• graphical notations: çizgisel
gösterim
• Relational data model:
ilişkisel veri modeli
• Command Language:
komuta dili
• Hierarchical model: aşamalı
model
• Network model: ağ modeli
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14. Homework
• Draw an E-R diagram for student, course,
professor.
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15. These are FYI!
• The worst bugs in the top programming
languages:
– https://www.techrepublic.com/article/the-worst-
bugs-in-the-top-programming-languages/
• Final exam: Jan 15, 13:00-15:00
20.12.2020 Intro Comp SWE 15