This document discusses REDD+, a mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. It notes that past policies have failed to stop deforestation, and additional incentives are needed to encourage forest conservation. REDD+ aims to provide payments from polluters in advanced countries to support conservation and sustainable forest management in developing countries. The document summarizes key COP meetings that advanced REDD+ and established safeguards. It also provides examples of a REDD+ pilot project in Nepal that measured forest carbon, distributed payments to communities, and found social and environmental co-benefits of the program.
Decisions For Biodiversity And The Climate - Congress of the CDU/CSU Parliamentary Group in the German Bundestag
Pavan Sukhdev, Special Adviser & Head - Green Economy Initiative UNEP
Payment for ecosystem services (PES) is a type of environmental policy instrument that gives the owner of a natural resource direct incentives to manage it in society’s best interest. For the resource owner this usually means giving up some private income (for example from timber sale) in exchange for a compensation for the ecosystem services (for example climate regulation, water purification, biodiversity protection, reduced nutrient runoff etc.). This report provides an overview of current theory and experiences from the use of PES in OECD countries, and discusses options to expand and improve PES schemes in the Nordic countries.
Decisions For Biodiversity And The Climate - Congress of the CDU/CSU Parliamentary Group in the German Bundestag
Pavan Sukhdev, Special Adviser & Head - Green Economy Initiative UNEP
Payment for ecosystem services (PES) is a type of environmental policy instrument that gives the owner of a natural resource direct incentives to manage it in society’s best interest. For the resource owner this usually means giving up some private income (for example from timber sale) in exchange for a compensation for the ecosystem services (for example climate regulation, water purification, biodiversity protection, reduced nutrient runoff etc.). This report provides an overview of current theory and experiences from the use of PES in OECD countries, and discusses options to expand and improve PES schemes in the Nordic countries.
Charles Meshack: The role and perspectives of forest communities in the fores...Rights and Resources
Day 2, Session 3: The role and perspectives of forest communities in the forest reform process
Presentation by Charles Meshack, Tanzania Forest Conservation Group
This presentation (made for the Nov09 "Thought Leader Summit" WfMC meeting) briefly introduce the EU GENESIS project focusing in particular on dynamic workflow modeling techniques as well as on the general architecture we are working on
Towards participatory ecosystem-based planning in Indonesia: a case study in ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Communities in Indonesia’s Tanimbar Archipelago retain strong traditional resource management systems and have a history of resisting exploitation of their fragile islands by outsiders. But Tanimbar is poor and remote, so there is a desire for development. In this presentation, Yves Laumonier describes how a joint project with the International Center for Research in Agricultural Developmnet (CIRAD), CIFOR, and Birdlife Indonesia, successfully combined local concerns and national priorities in land-use planning using an participatory, ecosystem-based approach. The presentation, which has implications for community-based land-use planning in other parts of Indonesia, was given on 6 December 2011 at the 25th international congress of the Society for Conservation Biology. The theme of the congress was ‘Engaging Society in Conservation’ and more than 1,300 scientists, practitioners and students of conservation biology from around the globe attended.
Charles Meshack: The role and perspectives of forest communities in the fores...Rights and Resources
Day 2, Session 3: The role and perspectives of forest communities in the forest reform process
Presentation by Charles Meshack, Tanzania Forest Conservation Group
This presentation (made for the Nov09 "Thought Leader Summit" WfMC meeting) briefly introduce the EU GENESIS project focusing in particular on dynamic workflow modeling techniques as well as on the general architecture we are working on
Towards participatory ecosystem-based planning in Indonesia: a case study in ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Communities in Indonesia’s Tanimbar Archipelago retain strong traditional resource management systems and have a history of resisting exploitation of their fragile islands by outsiders. But Tanimbar is poor and remote, so there is a desire for development. In this presentation, Yves Laumonier describes how a joint project with the International Center for Research in Agricultural Developmnet (CIRAD), CIFOR, and Birdlife Indonesia, successfully combined local concerns and national priorities in land-use planning using an participatory, ecosystem-based approach. The presentation, which has implications for community-based land-use planning in other parts of Indonesia, was given on 6 December 2011 at the 25th international congress of the Society for Conservation Biology. The theme of the congress was ‘Engaging Society in Conservation’ and more than 1,300 scientists, practitioners and students of conservation biology from around the globe attended.
Legal landscapes in biodiversity and social safeguards: presentationSIANI
Seminar on Landscapes in a Carbon Focused World 26 October 2012
SIANI, Focali & Naturskyddsföreningen organized a one-day seminar in Gothenburg.
Summary: Safeguards have gained momentum in the international environmental arena especially in action for REDD+ under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This presentation will address the way safeguards can be related to different biodiversity financing mechanisms, and learn from the REDD+ discussions under the UNFCCC. While scaling up biodiversity finance is key for achieving the three goals of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the development of new biodiversity financing mechanisms has also generated concerns over the potential problems, which span from generating financial speculation to affecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities. The presentation will examine legal landscapes that can be useful for developing and implementing safeguards related to biodiversity financing mechanisms in an equitable way.
Claudia Ituarte-Lima is Legal Advisor at the Resilience and Development Programme (Swedbio), at Stockholm Resilience Centre. She is an international public lawyer with theoretical and applied experience in both multilateral and community environmental issues. She holds a PhD from University College London, an MPhil from University of Cambridge, and diplomas from Bourgogne University in France, among other. Her distinctions include the Human Rights Award by American University, Washington College of Law. Her current interests are climate change and biodiversity laws and policies in relation to poverty alleviation, livelihoods and development. She holds visiting status at the Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford and the Stockholm Environmental Institute.
Linking REDD+ and ape conservation in Africa: opportunities and constraintsCIFOR-ICRAF
CIFOR scientist Terry Sunderland discusses the many opportunities and constraints inherent in attempting to harness REDD+ projects for great ape conservation in Africa. He gave this presentation at the ‘Linking Great Ape Conservation with Poverty Alleviation’ workshop hosted by CIFOR in January 2012.
Healthy ecosystems provide a variety of such critical goods and services. Created by the interactions of living organisms with their environment, these “ecosystem services” provide both the conditions and processes that sustain human life. The awareness of ecosystem services’ importance in human life styles started more than 2500 years ago. Economists have developed different ways to measure the economic value of the nature, all of which required extrapolation or assumptions.
Ignorance, Institutions and Market Failure are the main reasons to the under-protected status of Ecosystem Services. The environment provides critically important services. Some of these are captured by markets, but many are not. They are positive externalities that are therefore regarded by the beneficiaries as free. As a result, many ecosystem services tend to be both under-conserved and undervalued. If beneficiaries had to pay for explicit service provision, however, governments would think differently about their policies and property owners would think very differently about sustainable land management practices. In basic economic terms, payments for ecosystem services (PES) seek to “get the incentives right” by capturing the positive externalities, by providing accurate signals to both service providers and users that reflect the real social benefits that ecosystem services deliver.
Voluntary agreements between buyers and sellers of ecosystem services for cash or other rewards creating markets for ecosystem services which provide incentives and finance to land and resource managers and thereby strengthening conservation and livelihoods are called as PES.
Wide range of potential buyers and sellers are available depending on the ecosystem service. When the market fails to reward on-site ecosystem service providers, or to compensate them for their costs (e.g. changing land use) charge off-site users for the benefits they enjoy (e.g. clean water) PES create a market for natural resources making conservation a more profitable land-use proposition. Information, technical barriers, policy and regulation and institutional barriers are the major challenges in implementing PES.
Creating economic incentives that encourage PES schemes, including environmental taxes and subsidies, transferable discharge permits and environmental labelling, developing specific PES projects with farmers, foresters and/or fisher folks in their region, or their watershed and providing incentives for the private sector to engage in PES schemes are some recommendations for a better PES system.
REDD+ and agriculture_Dr Vinod T R (The Kerala Environment Congress)_2012India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr Vinod T R, Programme Director, Centre for Enviroment and Development, explains the REDD+ concept and how it extends beyond the conventional aspects of deforestation and forest degradation to sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
REDD in Asia - Challenges and OpportunitiesCIFOR-ICRAF
Can REDD+ achieve poverty alleviation and deliver conservation benefits for Great Apes? Laura D'Arcy from ZSL explores this question in a presentation she gave at the ‘Linking Great Ape Conservation with Poverty Alleviation’ workshop hosted by CIFOR in January 2012.
The political economy of REDD+ in the DRCCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Félicien Kengoum (PhD student, University of Helsinki), at "Bridging policy and science on addressing climate change and deforestation in Democratic Republic of Congo", on 12-14 December 2022
Nepal has adopted community-based and multi-stage approaches in REDD+ process. In addition, the country has developed REDD+ related policy and plan with the active engagement of stakeholders, representing from all sectors, including government organization, private sector, civil society, community based organizations, Indigenous Peoples Organizations, local and international NGOs, development partners, academic and research institutions, GESI related organizations and other stakeholders. To address problem related to deforestation and forest degradation, Nepal has developed range of policy instruments (for example REDD+ Strategy, Forest Reference Level, National Forest Information System) and several programs/projects (ERPD, FIP and REDD+ Himalaya Project). The major REDD+ activities that are envisions in the ERPD, FIP and REDD+ Himalaya, are Sustainable Forest Management, Ecotourism, Alternative Energy including Biogas and Improved Cooked Stove, Private and Leasehold forest development, Watershed Management, Promotion of Forest-based Industries and Capacity Development Programs. These REDD+ programs largely contributes to the SDGs 13 and 15, and four targets of NDC. However, there still remain some gaps in Nepal's REDD+ initiative, for example, narrow coverage (both area and activities) of REDD+ program, financial constraints and due compliance of the provisions mentioned in REDD+ policy/plan. To make the REDD+ program agreeable and sustainable, and in line with SDGs and NDC, the country's REDD+ program should be up-scaled to other landscapes. In addition, restructuring the institutional framework and benefit sharing mechanism (as provisioned in new constitution), and Safeguard Information System (for addressing grievances of REDD+ stakeholders) is also equally important. Last but not the least, the country should also develop monitoring protocols to track REDD activities in achieving SDGs and NDC.
Presention by Vincent Kasulu, UN-REDD Programme.
Scope of the global climate agreement, Forest Day 3.
Sunday, December 13th, 2009.
Copenhagen, Denmark.
Facilitated by SNV, this event was held on April 24 to coincide with the Asia Pacific Forestry Week (APFW), which occured over April 21-26. The event featured a special Guest speaker - David Huberman - who was visiting Hanoi for the APFW - and focussed on REDD, the forestry mechanism proposed for the post-2012 UNFCCC protocol. Click on the link below to read his presentation.
Presentation by David Huberman
The socioeconomic benefits of the ownership and management of land by environ...Jayne Glass
Presentation of evidence presented to the Land Reform Review Group in April 2013. Full report available from: http://perth.uhi.ac.uk/specialistcentres/cms/CompletedProjects/Pages/NGOlandownershipstudy.aspx
This presentation is a compilation of four that were given on 30 November 2011 at an official UNFCCC COP17 side-event organised by CIFOR: 'How is REDD+ unfolding on the ground?'. The event discussed early insights on the capability of REDD+ projects to deliver on their goal of sequestering forest carbon while providing a range of co-benefits. The information presented draws mainly on findings of CIFOR's Global Comparative Study on REDD+, and covers the status and challenges of REDD+ projects on the ground;
challenges encountered in establishing REDD+ in Africa;
the policy and economic context in which REDD+ projects is unfolding; and
the status of monitoring, reporting and verification in setting up REDD+.
Sharing REDD Benefits with Forest Dependent CommunitiesCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Mark Poffenberger, Community Forestry International.
Social impacts of REDD initiatives, Forest Day 3.
Sunday, December 13th, 2009
Copenhagen, Denmark
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Leading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdf
Redd pilot
1. REDD+ for climate
change mitigation and
adaptation
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
Kathmandu, Nepal
2. Rationale
• Regulatory policies of the past have failed to halt
deforestation
• 1.6% deforestation rate per annum
• Carbon emission from land use in developing countries still
a concern – voluntary participation by countries
• Standing trees are less valuable than felled timber
• Additional incentives required for not cutting down trees in
forests
• Aimed at developing countries
3. RED to REDD++ (REALU/AFOLU)
REDD++ all land use changes
+ (AFOLU)
REDD+ carbon enhancing
+
REDD degradation
+
deforestation only
RED
• current framing of REDD refers to only a partial accounting of land
use change, without clarity on cross-sectoral linkages and rights
• hampered by methodological problems of leakage, definition,
transitions
4. What does REDD+ deal with?
• REDD+ recognized (reducing deforestation,
degradation, conservation, SFM, enhancement)
• Polluters (in advanced countries) pay for
conservation and sustainable forest management
(in developing countries)
• REDD+ is an incentive based mechanism agreed
at the global level
• Source of finance for conservation (through IBM
under UNFCCC)
• Biodiversity conservation and improved livelihood
are co-benefits (mitigation-adaptation interface)
5. 3 major COPs
• COP 13: Bali Action Plan:
– “…Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing
emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries; and
the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of
forest carbon stocks in developing countries…”
• COP 16 Cancun: REDD+ activities in 3 steps:
– Development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures, and
capacity-building,
– Implementation of national policies and measures and national strategies or
action plans, technology development and transfer and results-based
demonstration activities
– Result based actions on ground that should be measured, reported and verified
(MRV).
• COP 17 Durban: mandates
– Information on SAFEGUARDS and develop modalities for MRV
– Conservation of natural forests and biological diversity
– Respect for knowledge and rights of local and indigenous peoples
– Full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders
11. Piloting REDD+ Payment System
through seed grant distribution in
Community Forestry in Nepal
June 2009 – May 2013
12. Project components
Institutions and
governance
Carbon Capacity
monitoring Building
13. Project Areas
Total WS= 5750 ha
31 CFUGs
CF area= 1,888 ha
Total WS= 14037 ha
58 CFUGs
CF area= 5,996 ha
Total WS= 8002 ha
15 CFUGs
CF area = 2,382ha
14. Forests in three watersheds
Forest in Total Forest
Watershed Watershed area [ha]
watershed Community
(District) [ha]
[ha] Forest [ha] Dense Sparse
Charnawati
14,037 7,492 5,996 3,899 2,097
(Dolakha)
Kayarkhola
8,002 5,821 2,381 1,902 479
(Chitwan)
Ludikhola
5,750 4,869 1,888 1,634. 252
(Gorkha)
Total 27,789 18,182 10,266 7,437 2,829
15. Socio-demography data
Watershed CFUG
CFUGs Population Major ethnic groups
(District) Households
Charnawati Tamang, Chhetri,
58 7870 42609
(Dolakha) Brahmin, Thami, Dalit
Kayarkhola
16 4146 23223 Chepang, Tamang
(Chitwan)
Magar, Gurung, Tamang,
Ludikhola
31 4110 23685 Dalit, few Brahmin and
(Gorkha)
Chhetri
Total 105 16144 89517
16. Project activities
Forest carbon measurement
Alternative energy
Awareness raising Piloting Forest Carbon Stakeholder
Fund engagement
17. Carbon sequestration data
Average carbon
tonnes/ha
Watershed Area (ha) Range (ha) 2010 2011 2012
Charnawati 5996 1.5-819.4 206.95 209.29 212.03
Kayarkhola 2382 34.5-329.2 288.44 289.83 291.19
Ludikhola 1888 5.2-270.7 209.12 214.43 217.33
Total 10266 226.3 228.92 231.37
Increase 2.62 2.68
Source: REDD+ project, 2012
18. REDD+ payment basis
60% payment for 40% payment for carbon
social safeguards stock and increment
Payments in 3 watersheds
Charnawati $ 7.4/ha
In 2012, additional USD 100 per CFUG was Kayarkhola $ 10.4/ha
given to reduce disparity between groups. Ludikhola $ 13.8/ha
19. How was REDD money used?
Expenditure Status in %
Expenses activities Dolakha Gorkha Chitwan Average
1. Livelihood improvement activities 53.8 50.3 48.5 50. 9
2. Capacity building (awareness,
9.7 9.4 8.3 9.1
workshop)
3. Forest carbon monitoring (training
7.2 4.3 27.7 13.1
LRPs for forest inventory)
4. Alternative energy schemes 11.9 15.0 13.5 13.5
5. Others (Forest mgmnt activities +
17.4 21.0 1.9 13.4
enrichment plantation)
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Co-financed by CFUGs (% in total
43.9 2.3 69.9 49.2
invested amount)
20. Trust Fund mechanism
Forest Carbon Trust Fund Government, CSO,
Advisory Committee Collaborator, IPOs
Project Management Unit
Fund disbursement - joint 1 Secretariat
signature (ICIMOD, FECOFUN 2 Data registration and Verification Agency
and ANSAB) management
District Fund Watershed
Monitoring Committee
Advisory Committee REDD Network
(MC)
Community
Forest User
Group
Note: Dot Arrow represents report, data and information
Bold Arrow represents subsidy and incentive
21. Linking Payment to C-enhancement
Identify and periodic assessment
Review, adjust of drivers of forest degradation,
and adapt initiate forest enhancement
activities
Operate trust
Establish baseline of
fund REDD
forest carbon and
payment
periodic monitoring
disbursement
Setting
indicators/crite
ria (social,
biophysical)
Standardize Frame Measurement,
Set up pilot trust Develop Project
measurement fund and regulate reporting and Designed
methodologies and REDD+ payment Verification (MRV) Document (PDD)
guidelines system
22. Reflections/Learning
• Community forestry: an example of effective decentralized
system to respond to local factors and also climate change.
• CF reinforces adaptive forest management
• REDD+: an opportunity to address poverty and social justice
(triple dividends: Climate, Community & Forests)
• Strengthened social bonding and engagement
• Efficient coupling: REDD network and forest groups
• Participatory carbon monitoring – reduced time and cost,
increased ownership and responsibility
• Co-financing in forest management and livelihoods
• Still unresolved: monitoring cost in small and fragmented CFs;
additionality; equity due unequal forest size and status;
enhancement vs. co-benefits
23. The role of tree and forests
Trees for Products
fruit firewood medicine income sawn wood fodder
Environmental services
Trees for Services
soil soil shade watershed biodiversity carbon
fertility erosion protection sequestration
24. Community Forest – benefits
Kalika Community Forest (Chitwan) 213 ha, 169 households
Example of participatory valuation of ecosystem services
Household
Average tangible benefits per HH (US$) 1,227
Average intangible benefits per HH (US$) 262
Ecosystem services
Tangible benefits (US$/ha/year) 974
Intangible benefits (US$/ha/year) 208
Downstream benefits (US$/ha/year) 26
Value of Kalika CF (US$/ha/year) 1208
Total value of Kalika CF services (US$/year) 257,198
REDD+ money for livelihoods (2012, US$) 738
Source: Field survey, August 2012, ICIMOD
25. Social safeguard
• Restrictions on forest access and use in favor
of conservation or mitigation objectives can
limit livelihood options
• Design of decision making and benefit-
sharing arrangements can undermine
vulnerable forest-dependent groups.
• Hence, community forestry should be
undertaken with a sustainable livelihoods
approach that focuses on the strengthening of
adaptive capacity.