Safeguards are meant to minimize risks and improve outcomes of REDD+ programs. There is no standardized safeguard framework, and reconciling different institutional approaches is challenging. Specifically, United Nations agencies take a rights-based approach grounded in international law, while multilateral development banks have their own varying policies and procedures. For REDD+ safeguards to be effective, countries will need guidance on developing national systems that incorporate international obligations like the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and are consistent at sub-national levels, while increasing country ownership.
This presentation explains the basic but important differences between the three popular still confusing terms i.e. law, policies and conventions. Definitions of the terms along with few basic life and common examples are also explained.
HISTORICAL CONCEPT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN INDIA AND THE WORLD, ROLES OF MoEF, CPCB AND SPCB and 5 IMPORTANT POINTS ON AIR, WATER AND LAND POLLUTION FROM INDIAN ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
This presentation explains the basic but important differences between the three popular still confusing terms i.e. law, policies and conventions. Definitions of the terms along with few basic life and common examples are also explained.
HISTORICAL CONCEPT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN INDIA AND THE WORLD, ROLES OF MoEF, CPCB AND SPCB and 5 IMPORTANT POINTS ON AIR, WATER AND LAND POLLUTION FROM INDIAN ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
Convention on Biological Diversity
CBD
Convention on biodiversity
History of CBD
Rio Earth Summit 1992
Main features of Earth Summit
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
UNCCD
UNFCCC
Goals of CBD
United Nations Climate Change
Kyoto protocol
Key features of Kyoto protocol
Carbon credits
Annex I countries
Non - Annex I countries
The Copenhagen Accord
Green Climate Fund
Paris Agreement
Copenhagan Protocol
BASIC countries
Conference of the Parties COP
COP14 - The Conference of the Parties 14 to the Convention on Biological diversity conference kick started on 17th of November with pre-conference meet ups and briefing on 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th November. The conference by United Nations aims at calling upon the decision makers from more than 190 countries to intensify their efforts to reduce and stop the biodiversity loss and protect the ecosystems that support food and water security and health for billions of people. The theme of this year’s ongoing conference is “Investing in Biodiversity for People and Planet”.
Les politiques environnementales dans l'ère post-pandémique : nouvelles perspectives dans le cadre réglementaire actuel, Mme Daniela Addis, Directrice de cabinet d'avocats, Italie
Environmental conventions and protocols.
. Introduction to the Terms.
• Contrast between the Terms.
• Principal Global initiatives and Participations.
• Significance.
• Results.
• Core locations.
• Implementing Organisations.
• Major Conventions and;
• Major Protocols.
Convention on Biological Diversity
CBD
Convention on biodiversity
History of CBD
Rio Earth Summit 1992
Main features of Earth Summit
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
UNCCD
UNFCCC
Goals of CBD
United Nations Climate Change
Kyoto protocol
Key features of Kyoto protocol
Carbon credits
Annex I countries
Non - Annex I countries
The Copenhagen Accord
Green Climate Fund
Paris Agreement
Copenhagan Protocol
BASIC countries
Conference of the Parties COP
COP14 - The Conference of the Parties 14 to the Convention on Biological diversity conference kick started on 17th of November with pre-conference meet ups and briefing on 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th November. The conference by United Nations aims at calling upon the decision makers from more than 190 countries to intensify their efforts to reduce and stop the biodiversity loss and protect the ecosystems that support food and water security and health for billions of people. The theme of this year’s ongoing conference is “Investing in Biodiversity for People and Planet”.
Les politiques environnementales dans l'ère post-pandémique : nouvelles perspectives dans le cadre réglementaire actuel, Mme Daniela Addis, Directrice de cabinet d'avocats, Italie
Environmental conventions and protocols.
. Introduction to the Terms.
• Contrast between the Terms.
• Principal Global initiatives and Participations.
• Significance.
• Results.
• Core locations.
• Implementing Organisations.
• Major Conventions and;
• Major Protocols.
Legal landscapes in biodiversity and social safeguards: presentationSIANI
Seminar on Landscapes in a Carbon Focused World 26 October 2012
SIANI, Focali & Naturskyddsföreningen organized a one-day seminar in Gothenburg.
Summary: Safeguards have gained momentum in the international environmental arena especially in action for REDD+ under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This presentation will address the way safeguards can be related to different biodiversity financing mechanisms, and learn from the REDD+ discussions under the UNFCCC. While scaling up biodiversity finance is key for achieving the three goals of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the development of new biodiversity financing mechanisms has also generated concerns over the potential problems, which span from generating financial speculation to affecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities. The presentation will examine legal landscapes that can be useful for developing and implementing safeguards related to biodiversity financing mechanisms in an equitable way.
Claudia Ituarte-Lima is Legal Advisor at the Resilience and Development Programme (Swedbio), at Stockholm Resilience Centre. She is an international public lawyer with theoretical and applied experience in both multilateral and community environmental issues. She holds a PhD from University College London, an MPhil from University of Cambridge, and diplomas from Bourgogne University in France, among other. Her distinctions include the Human Rights Award by American University, Washington College of Law. Her current interests are climate change and biodiversity laws and policies in relation to poverty alleviation, livelihoods and development. She holds visiting status at the Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford and the Stockholm Environmental Institute.
Linking REDD+ and ape conservation in Africa: opportunities and constraintsCIFOR-ICRAF
CIFOR scientist Terry Sunderland discusses the many opportunities and constraints inherent in attempting to harness REDD+ projects for great ape conservation in Africa. He gave this presentation at the ‘Linking Great Ape Conservation with Poverty Alleviation’ workshop hosted by CIFOR in January 2012.
Healthy ecosystems provide a variety of such critical goods and services. Created by the interactions of living organisms with their environment, these “ecosystem services” provide both the conditions and processes that sustain human life. The awareness of ecosystem services’ importance in human life styles started more than 2500 years ago. Economists have developed different ways to measure the economic value of the nature, all of which required extrapolation or assumptions.
Ignorance, Institutions and Market Failure are the main reasons to the under-protected status of Ecosystem Services. The environment provides critically important services. Some of these are captured by markets, but many are not. They are positive externalities that are therefore regarded by the beneficiaries as free. As a result, many ecosystem services tend to be both under-conserved and undervalued. If beneficiaries had to pay for explicit service provision, however, governments would think differently about their policies and property owners would think very differently about sustainable land management practices. In basic economic terms, payments for ecosystem services (PES) seek to “get the incentives right” by capturing the positive externalities, by providing accurate signals to both service providers and users that reflect the real social benefits that ecosystem services deliver.
Voluntary agreements between buyers and sellers of ecosystem services for cash or other rewards creating markets for ecosystem services which provide incentives and finance to land and resource managers and thereby strengthening conservation and livelihoods are called as PES.
Wide range of potential buyers and sellers are available depending on the ecosystem service. When the market fails to reward on-site ecosystem service providers, or to compensate them for their costs (e.g. changing land use) charge off-site users for the benefits they enjoy (e.g. clean water) PES create a market for natural resources making conservation a more profitable land-use proposition. Information, technical barriers, policy and regulation and institutional barriers are the major challenges in implementing PES.
Creating economic incentives that encourage PES schemes, including environmental taxes and subsidies, transferable discharge permits and environmental labelling, developing specific PES projects with farmers, foresters and/or fisher folks in their region, or their watershed and providing incentives for the private sector to engage in PES schemes are some recommendations for a better PES system.
description on convention on biological diversity, different articles, conference of parties, global environment facility, cartagena protocol, CBD Act 2002, National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAP)
Summary of Convention on Biological Diversity COP13 Conference of Parties December 2016, Cancun.
Presentation for Alcuenet subgroup meeting "Biodiversity and Climate Change" in Brussels, On February 28th, 2017 at the Embassy of Colombia in Brussels the Workshop of Experts in biodiversity and Climate Change was carried out in the framework of the ALCUE-NET project http://alcuenet.eu/news.php?id=109
Kishwan, J. (2011) REDD+ Negotiations: India’s PreparednesstheREDDdesk
Presentation from the South Asian Media Briefing Workshop on Climate Change, November 2011.
http://www.cseindia.org/content/cses-south-asian-media-briefing-workshop-climate-change-2011
Sharachchandra, L. (2011) India’s Policy towards REDD+: Dense Forest Ahead!theREDDdesk
Presentation from the South Asian Media Briefing Workshop on Climate Change, November 2011.
http://www.cseindia.org/content/cses-south-asian-media-briefing-workshop-climate-change-2011
2. (a) Actions complement or are consistent with the objectives of national forest
( ) A ti l t i t t ith th bj ti f ti lf t
Utilize national laws and systems that support
programmes and relevant international conventions and agreements;
(b) Transparent and effective national forest governance structures, takingare
REDD, have good governance structures, and into
account national legislation and sovereignty;
consistent with i t
i t t ith international obligations.
ti l bli ti
(c) Respect for the knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples and members of
local communities, by taking into account relevant international obligations,
Respect the rights of indigenous peoples and local
national circumstances and laws, and noting that the United Nations General
communities and i
iti d involve th
l them i d i i
in decision-making.
ki
Assembly has adopted the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples;
(d) The full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders, in particular,
Comply with international obligations.
indigenous peoples and local communities, in actions referred to in paragraphs 70
and 72 of this decision;
(e) Actions are consistent with the conservation of natural forests and biological
diversity, ensuring that actions referred to in paragraph 70 of this decision are not
Don’t destroy biodiversity or ecosystems.
used for the conversion of natural forests, but are instead used to incentivize the
,
protection and conservation of natural forests and their ecosystem services, and to
enhance other social and environmental benefits;
(f) Actions sure treesrisks of not cut down elsewhere.
Make to address the are reversals;
(g) Actions to reduce displacement of emissions.
Source: COP 16 LCA Decision, ANNEX I, Paragraph 2
3. Safeguards protect against
harm
Photo source:
http://img.thesun.co.uk/multi
media/archive/00840/Roller-
skating_682_840692a.jpg
4. Institutional
policy/procedure to protect
against social and
environmental harm
i t lh
Identifies, evaluates,
minimizes,
minimizes and mitigates
adverse impacts
Focus on sustainable
development—part of
development dialogue
5. Safeguards help minimize risk and improve
outcomes.
International recognition of the need to respect
standards.
Demand for compliance is universal.
Standards and rights help resolve conflicts.
g p
6. ANTICIPATE –- AVOID –– MITIGATE
Impacts need to include environmental, social,
and human rights analyses
analyses.
Much of remaining forests is found in
indigenous lands: respecting traditional
g p g
management gets a better outcome.
Protecting biodiversity and ecosystems means
less d f
l deforestation and b tt outcomes.
t ti d better t
REDD requires special consideration of land
and resource tenure and customary rights
7. UN-REDD: UN system requirements and UN-
REDD guidance
FIP: W ld B k P li i
FIP World Bank Policies and P d Procedures +
d
other MDB policies and procedures
FCPF: World Bank Policies and Procedures +
international obligations
Bilateral funds: international instruments, donor
,
and recipient national laws and policies
National funds: international and national laws
and policies
d li i
8. UN REDD adopts a rights based approach to its
UN-REDD rights-based
activities.
Applies UNDRIP
Applies FPIC
Applies UNDG Guidelines on Indigenous Peoples
International obligations apply at different levels:
International: human rights and other obligations
National: human rights, UN-REDD guidance
g , g
Sub-national: States and private actors still have
international obligations
Lacks
L k proscriptive policies and procedures.
i ti li i d d
9. Convention on Biological Diversity
C i Bi l i l Di i
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples
Universal Declaration on Human Rights
International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights
g
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
International Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Racial Discrimination
ILO Convention 169
Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the
Diversity of Cultural Expressions
10. Each MDB uses funds in accordance with
its own policies, guidelines, and
g
procedures.
Common “overlay” environmental and
social criteria apply to all MDBs.
WB is trustee and follows its own
Operational P li i and P
O i l Policies d Procedures.
d
Missing: a rights-based approach, no
requirement f FPIC or UNDRIP
i t for UNDRIP.
11. Requires compliance with the World Bank’s
Operational Policies and Procedures
Recognizes need for effective participation of
Forest-Dependent Indigenous Peoples and
p g p
Forest Dwellers
Respects rights of indigenous peoples and
forest dependent
forest-dependent communities under national
laws and international obligations.
World Bank Staff have consistently affirmed that all
safeguards apply to FCPF activities including at
activities,
last year’s dialogue.
Missing: no FPIC requirement, WB policies
inconsistent with UNDRIP
UNDRIP.
12. 4.01 Environmental Assessment
4.04 Natural Habitats
4 04 N l H bi
4.12 Involuntary Resettlement
4.15 Poverty Reduction
4.20
4 20 Indigenous People
4.36 Forests
7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas
11.03
11 03 Cultural Property
13.05 Project Supervision
Find the policies here: http://go.worldbank.org/3GLI3EECP0
NOTE: Application of these procedures to specific WB activities may depend
upon the type of support involved. For example, if this is investment lending,
they do apply, as per OP 4.10.
NOTE 2: World Bank operational policies and procedures do not address land
tenure in a comprehensive manner.
13. Opportunity: common
approach for REDD
safeguards
Challenge: reconciling
g g
approaches of Bretton
Woods institutions
(p
(proscriptive do-no-harm
p
economic development) and
UN institutions (rights-based
principles for sustainable
development)
Pressure to both move
q
quickly and g it right.
y get g
14. g
No standardized “safeguard” framework
Institutional policies can be difficult to
harmonize
UN: rights-based approach
MDBs: varying policies and procedures
Incorporating UNFCCC UNDRIP and CBD
UNFCCC, UNDRIP,
Consistency at national level while increasing
country ownership.
Means of recourse/accountability vary
UNFCCC: guidance to be developed
g p
15. Sequencing: agree on rules FIRST (including
safeguards) to ensure effective outcome.
UNFCCC SBSTA safeguards guidance:
national level systems
World Bank is revising its safeguards
CBD safeguards under development
Land and resource tenure: who has the right to
a tree? To the carbon?
Managing conflict: accountability and Redress
16. Rights-based approach with
proscriptive policies and procedures
Fully considers both social and
environmental impacts
Coherent with international
obligations, including UNDRIP
Protect biodiversity and ecosystems
Participatory decision-making
processes, including FPIC
Robust information disclosure +
transparency
Accessible recourse mechanism