A steam power plant converts the chemical energy of fossil fuels into electrical energy through four main circuits: the coal and ash circuit, air and gas circuit, feed water and steam flow circuit, and cooling water circuit. Key components include boilers that raise steam, steam turbines that convert the steam's energy into mechanical power, generators that transform mechanical power into electricity, and condensers and cooling towers that cool the steam back into water to repeat the process. The plant utilizes components like coal mills, fans, pumps, and precipitators to efficiently operate the fuel, steam, gas, water and ash circuits that generate electricity.

1. Introduction
A Steam power plant converts the chemical energy of the fossil fuels into mechanical
/electrical energy. This is achieved by raising the steam in the boilers, expanding it through
the turbines and coupling the turbines to the generators which convert mechanical energy
to electrical energy
The layout of a modern steam power plant comprises of the following four circuits:-
 Coal and ash circuit
 Air and gas circuit
 Feed water and steam flow circuit
 Cooling water circuit
Components of a modern steam power plant:-
 Boiler (1) superheater (2) reheater (3) economiser (4) air-heater
 Steam turbine
 Generator
 Condenser
 Cooling towers
 Circulating water pump
 Boiler feed pump
 Wagon trippler
 Crusher house
 Coal mill
 Induced draught fans
 Ash precipitators
 Boiler chimney
 Forced draught fans
 Water treatment plant
 Control room and switchyard