I have prepared this presentation based on the report submitted by committee setup by Power ministry of India. This presentation talks about the reasons behind the power blackout that happened on 30th & 31st July 2012.
This document summarizes several major blackouts that have occurred worldwide. It provides details on the number of people affected, location, duration and key causes and lessons learned from each event. Some of the major blackouts discussed include the Northeast Blackout of 1965 affecting 30 million people in the US and Canada for 12 hours due to human error. The Southern Brazil Blackout of 1999 left 97 million without power for 30 hours after a lightning strike caused protective systems to fail. The Northeast Blackout of 2003 was caused by inadequate grid monitoring and affected 55 million for 16 hours, highlighting the need for mandatory reliability standards.
30, 31st July 2012 - The India Blackoutgiridaran123
The document summarizes power blackouts that occurred in India on July 30-31, 2012. It provides background on India's power grid system and describes how planned line maintenance and failures of other lines led to overloading and eventual tripping of multiple transmission lines, resulting in the first blackout on July 30th affecting 8 states. Efforts to restore power are also outlined. The second larger blackout on July 31st affecting 21 states is also summarized, including impacts like trapped miners. Technical recommendations to prevent such widespread outages are mentioned.
The document summarizes reports on major power blackouts that occurred in India on July 30th and 31st, 2012. It provides an overview of the Indian power grid system and describes the sequence of events that led to each blackout. For the July 30th blackout, key factors included the planned shutdown of a transmission line which overloaded other lines, and unscheduled power flows that caused disturbances. The July 31st blackout affected a wider region due to the tripping of another transmission line. The report lists technical and policy recommendations from investigations to prevent future blackouts, such as strengthening transmission corridors and monitoring systems. It also discusses the need for smart grid technologies going forward.
NTDC 220kV Transmission gird station Internship reportAneel-k Suthar
This document provides an overview of Anil Kumar's internship report on the 220/132 kV grid station in Jamshoro-T.M. Khan Road. It includes acknowledgements, an executive summary, and sections on the grid station, one-line diagram, bus bar, switches, relays, transformers, and maintenance. The grid station regulates and controls power flow and supplies electricity to substations. It uses a double bus one and a half breaker scheme, which improves reliability over other schemes by allowing maintenance without power interruptions.
Evolution of transmission sector in India, Regional and National Grid, Market structure, Transmission & Substation capacity, Distribution system in India
This document outlines the design of a 400kV transmission network from Karuma to Tororo in Uganda. It discusses Uganda's energy policy goals of increasing transmission voltages. Distance and overcurrent relay protection schemes were designed for the transmission lines, transformers, and busbars. Settings were calculated and tables of results presented. Challenges obtaining information from the transmission company and recommending further protection studies were described. The objectives of designing the transmission network and protection relay system were achieved.
This document summarizes several major blackouts that have occurred worldwide. It provides details on the number of people affected, location, duration and key causes and lessons learned from each event. Some of the major blackouts discussed include the Northeast Blackout of 1965 affecting 30 million people in the US and Canada for 12 hours due to human error. The Southern Brazil Blackout of 1999 left 97 million without power for 30 hours after a lightning strike caused protective systems to fail. The Northeast Blackout of 2003 was caused by inadequate grid monitoring and affected 55 million for 16 hours, highlighting the need for mandatory reliability standards.
30, 31st July 2012 - The India Blackoutgiridaran123
The document summarizes power blackouts that occurred in India on July 30-31, 2012. It provides background on India's power grid system and describes how planned line maintenance and failures of other lines led to overloading and eventual tripping of multiple transmission lines, resulting in the first blackout on July 30th affecting 8 states. Efforts to restore power are also outlined. The second larger blackout on July 31st affecting 21 states is also summarized, including impacts like trapped miners. Technical recommendations to prevent such widespread outages are mentioned.
The document summarizes reports on major power blackouts that occurred in India on July 30th and 31st, 2012. It provides an overview of the Indian power grid system and describes the sequence of events that led to each blackout. For the July 30th blackout, key factors included the planned shutdown of a transmission line which overloaded other lines, and unscheduled power flows that caused disturbances. The July 31st blackout affected a wider region due to the tripping of another transmission line. The report lists technical and policy recommendations from investigations to prevent future blackouts, such as strengthening transmission corridors and monitoring systems. It also discusses the need for smart grid technologies going forward.
NTDC 220kV Transmission gird station Internship reportAneel-k Suthar
This document provides an overview of Anil Kumar's internship report on the 220/132 kV grid station in Jamshoro-T.M. Khan Road. It includes acknowledgements, an executive summary, and sections on the grid station, one-line diagram, bus bar, switches, relays, transformers, and maintenance. The grid station regulates and controls power flow and supplies electricity to substations. It uses a double bus one and a half breaker scheme, which improves reliability over other schemes by allowing maintenance without power interruptions.
Evolution of transmission sector in India, Regional and National Grid, Market structure, Transmission & Substation capacity, Distribution system in India
This document outlines the design of a 400kV transmission network from Karuma to Tororo in Uganda. It discusses Uganda's energy policy goals of increasing transmission voltages. Distance and overcurrent relay protection schemes were designed for the transmission lines, transformers, and busbars. Settings were calculated and tables of results presented. Challenges obtaining information from the transmission company and recommending further protection studies were described. The objectives of designing the transmission network and protection relay system were achieved.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on summer training at the 220kV GSS in Hinduan City. The substation steps down incoming power transmission voltages of 220kV to 132kV and 132kV to 33kV to supply consumers. It has 3 incoming 220kV lines and supplies power to various 132kV and 33kV feeders. The presentation describes the various equipment used at the substation like transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, protective relays, conductors, and insulators. It also discusses maintenance procedures and fault operations.
WBSETCL Subhash Gram 220KV Substation Training ReportArijit Basu
The document summarizes the Subhash Gram 220 KV substation operated by WBSETCL. It receives power at 220 KV from a nearby PGCIL substation, steps it down through transformers, and distributes it to nearby substations and customers. Key components include two 160 MVA 220/132/33 KV transformers, various circuit breakers, isolators, buses, and protection/metering equipment like CTs and CVTs. The substation layout includes separate switchyards for the 220 KV, 132 KV and 33 KV voltage levels.
The document provides information on substation planning criteria and design, including:
1. The maximum fault level on any new substation bus should not exceed 80% of the rated rupturing capacity of circuit breakers.
2. Studies such as load flow, short circuit, and transient stability are performed to establish design criteria.
3. Key factors in substation arrangement and layout include system security, operational flexibility, simplicity of protection, ability to limit short circuits, maintenance facilities, and ease of expansion.
The document provides information about:
[1] Training conducted at the 220 KV Grid Sub Station in Sanganer, Jaipur, Rajasthan by Kumar Mayur Sinha for his B.Tech in Electrical Engineering.
[2] Details about the Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Limited (RRVPNL), the company that owns and operates the substation.
[3] An overview of the 220 KV Sanganer substation, including its installation of 7 transformers with a total capacity of 312.5 MVA to step down electricity from 220KV to 132KV and lower voltages.
The document discusses the evolution of electric power systems from the late 19th century to the present. Key developments include the shift from DC to AC systems in the late 1880s, increasing transmission voltages from the early 1900s to the 1990s, and the development of HVDC transmission in the 1950s to overcome limitations of HVAC systems. It also summarizes the present state of the Indian power system and projected scenarios by 2012 with increasing installed capacity, demand, and the need for stronger inter-regional transmission networks. Emerging transmission technologies discussed include UHVAC, gas insulated lines, HVDC-Light, and FACTS devices.
PPT ON 220KV Grid sub-station at Gandhi nagar, Jagatpura, Jaipur
It's very easy ppt for electrical engineering & EC engineering student for training of gss.
you can see my ppt on Slidshare...
This document provides a 3-page summer internship report submitted by Asafak Husain to Prof. S.P. Srivastava of IIT Roorkee. The report summarizes Husain's 45-day internship at the 220kV GSS RRVPNL substation in Ajmer, Rajasthan, where he learned about the operation and equipment of the substation. Key points covered in the report include the types and functions of equipment like transformers, relays, circuit breakers, capacitors, and the roles they play in transmitting and distributing electrical power safely and efficiently.
1. The document provides details from the author's 45-day industrial training at the 220kV Grid Substation in Kotputli, Jaipur.
2. It includes an introduction to the substation, descriptions of the various equipment present like transformers, circuit breakers, and protection systems.
3. The author discusses the objectives of the training, which were to observe how equipment works, how load is distributed, how faults are measured and protected against, and more.
Step up DC-DC Impedance source network based PMDC Motor DriveEditor IJMTER
This paper is devoted to the Quasi Z source network based DC Drive. The cascaded
(two-stage) Quasi Z Source network could be derived by the adding of one diode, one inductor,
and two capacitors to the traditional quasi-Z-source inverter The proposed cascaded qZSI inherits all
the advantages of the traditional solution (voltage boost and buck functions in a single stage,
continuous input current, and improved reliability). Moreover, as compared to the conventional qZSI,
the proposed solution reduces the shoot-through duty cycle by over 30% at the same voltage boost
factor. Theoretical analysis of the two-stage qZSI in the shoot-through and non-shoot-through
operating modes is described. The proposed and traditional qZSI-networks are compared. A
prototype of a Quasi Z Source network based DC Drive was built to verify the theoretical
assumptions. The experimental results are presented and analyzed.
The document describes the electrical system in Jordan, including generation sources like Al Raha and Al Aqaba power plants, transmission systems operating at 400kV and 132kV, and distribution systems including 33kV and 11kV networks. It also provides details on components of substations like RMUs, MDBs, transformers, and protection devices like fuses. Formulas for calculating current ratings based on power and voltage ratings are also presented.
This document provides a summary of Sunil Kumar Yadav's summer practical training at the 220 KV Grid Sub Station in Kotputli, Jaipur. It discusses the structure and components of the sub station, including transformers that step voltage up and down, circuit breakers, busbars, protective relays, and control panels. The sub station receives power at 220kV and distributes it at lower voltages of 132kV and 33kV to various outgoing feeders. Yadav concludes that the practical experience gave him valuable hands-on learning to supplement his theoretical education.
This document provides a summary of a vocational training report at the WBSETCL Kalyani 132 kV substation. It describes the substation's incoming and outgoing feeders, transformers, and provides an overview of the equipment used at the substation including busbars, insulators, isolating switches, and circuit breakers. The trainee expresses gratitude for the opportunity to learn practical skills during their training placement at the substation.
1200 kv ultra high voltage transmission system by prannaya kumar giri & b...Prannay Kumar Giri
The document discusses India's adoption of a 1200KV ultra high voltage AC transmission system to increase power transfer capacity over long distances. Key points:
- India is building a 1200KV national test station in Bina, MP to test equipment and develop technical standards for 1200KV transmission.
- 1200KV transmission allows economical transfer of large amounts of power while reducing transmission losses, costs, and environmental impacts compared to lower voltages.
- The test station will be used to determine technical parameters for 1200KV circuit breakers, transformers, insulators and other equipment to enable indigenous development.
- Once established, the 1200KV system is expected to help meet India's growing power demand and allow integration of renewable energy sources
FFC-MM Plantsite Power System Protectionfarazrafi87
The document discusses protection coordination at an electrical substation. It provides an overview of protection coordination and selective coordination. It also details the data required for a coordination study including single line diagrams, system voltages, impedances, and fault current data. The document analyzes several fault scenarios and observations regarding protection coordination and makes recommendations for further audit and testing to improve coordination.
This document discusses the equipment found in a power substation. It describes the different sections of the control panel that contain instruments for controlling equipment. The switchyard contains high voltage components like circuit breakers, isolators, transformers and busbars that control incoming and outgoing power supply. Instrument transformers are used for measurement and protection with equipment like meters and relays. Other equipment discussed include lighting arrestors, wave traps, circuit breakers, busbars, power transformers, protective relays and batteries used in the battery room.
This document summarizes a seminar presented on practical training at a 220kV substation. It includes an introduction to the substation and descriptions of its key components like transformers, circuit breakers, current transformers, lightning arrestors, capacitors and the control room. Diagrams of the substation's single line diagram are also included. The conclusion states that the training provided insight into real instrumentation used at substations and how they are operated and managed.
This document provides a report on the 400/220 KV Nelamangala power station near Bangalore, India. It includes a single line diagram of the substation, details of the bus bar scheme, and descriptions of the main equipment including capacitive voltage transformers, current transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and reactors. It also covers substation auxiliaries, control rooms, earthing systems, and provides specifications for the main transformers. The power station was established to integrate new power sources into the southern grid and reduce grid failures in the region.
This document provides an overview of maintenance of equipment at a 33/11kV substation. It discusses key components like transformers, busbars, insulators, circuit breakers, metering equipment, relays, miscellaneous equipment, and protection systems. It also covers substation design considerations like earthing methodology and materials. The document aims to give an understanding of maintenance needs for high voltage substation equipment.
This document provides information on multiple power plants owned and operated by EDC in the Philippines. It lists the name, location, generation capacity and type of several geothermal power plants with a total capacity of 1,199 MW. Technical details are also given for some of the larger power plants, including Upper Mahiao, Malitbog, and Mahanagdong A & B, describing the turbine and generator configurations, steam parameters, cooling systems and other key facilities. Process diagrams illustrate the steam cycles used at these plants.
The document provides information about Kalyaneshwari substation located in West Bengal, India. It details the various transformers, transmission lines, and power systems within the substation. Key points include:
- The substation handles transmission of power at 220kV, 132kV and 33kV voltage levels.
- It contains various transformers that step down voltages from 220kV to 132kV and 132kV to 33kV.
- Transmission lines connect the substation to nearby power plants and other substations.
- Instruments such as meters and relays monitor and control power flow through the substation.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on summer training at the 220kV GSS in Hinduan City. The substation steps down incoming power transmission voltages of 220kV to 132kV and 132kV to 33kV to supply consumers. It has 3 incoming 220kV lines and supplies power to various 132kV and 33kV feeders. The presentation describes the various equipment used at the substation like transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, protective relays, conductors, and insulators. It also discusses maintenance procedures and fault operations.
WBSETCL Subhash Gram 220KV Substation Training ReportArijit Basu
The document summarizes the Subhash Gram 220 KV substation operated by WBSETCL. It receives power at 220 KV from a nearby PGCIL substation, steps it down through transformers, and distributes it to nearby substations and customers. Key components include two 160 MVA 220/132/33 KV transformers, various circuit breakers, isolators, buses, and protection/metering equipment like CTs and CVTs. The substation layout includes separate switchyards for the 220 KV, 132 KV and 33 KV voltage levels.
The document provides information on substation planning criteria and design, including:
1. The maximum fault level on any new substation bus should not exceed 80% of the rated rupturing capacity of circuit breakers.
2. Studies such as load flow, short circuit, and transient stability are performed to establish design criteria.
3. Key factors in substation arrangement and layout include system security, operational flexibility, simplicity of protection, ability to limit short circuits, maintenance facilities, and ease of expansion.
The document provides information about:
[1] Training conducted at the 220 KV Grid Sub Station in Sanganer, Jaipur, Rajasthan by Kumar Mayur Sinha for his B.Tech in Electrical Engineering.
[2] Details about the Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Limited (RRVPNL), the company that owns and operates the substation.
[3] An overview of the 220 KV Sanganer substation, including its installation of 7 transformers with a total capacity of 312.5 MVA to step down electricity from 220KV to 132KV and lower voltages.
The document discusses the evolution of electric power systems from the late 19th century to the present. Key developments include the shift from DC to AC systems in the late 1880s, increasing transmission voltages from the early 1900s to the 1990s, and the development of HVDC transmission in the 1950s to overcome limitations of HVAC systems. It also summarizes the present state of the Indian power system and projected scenarios by 2012 with increasing installed capacity, demand, and the need for stronger inter-regional transmission networks. Emerging transmission technologies discussed include UHVAC, gas insulated lines, HVDC-Light, and FACTS devices.
PPT ON 220KV Grid sub-station at Gandhi nagar, Jagatpura, Jaipur
It's very easy ppt for electrical engineering & EC engineering student for training of gss.
you can see my ppt on Slidshare...
This document provides a 3-page summer internship report submitted by Asafak Husain to Prof. S.P. Srivastava of IIT Roorkee. The report summarizes Husain's 45-day internship at the 220kV GSS RRVPNL substation in Ajmer, Rajasthan, where he learned about the operation and equipment of the substation. Key points covered in the report include the types and functions of equipment like transformers, relays, circuit breakers, capacitors, and the roles they play in transmitting and distributing electrical power safely and efficiently.
1. The document provides details from the author's 45-day industrial training at the 220kV Grid Substation in Kotputli, Jaipur.
2. It includes an introduction to the substation, descriptions of the various equipment present like transformers, circuit breakers, and protection systems.
3. The author discusses the objectives of the training, which were to observe how equipment works, how load is distributed, how faults are measured and protected against, and more.
Step up DC-DC Impedance source network based PMDC Motor DriveEditor IJMTER
This paper is devoted to the Quasi Z source network based DC Drive. The cascaded
(two-stage) Quasi Z Source network could be derived by the adding of one diode, one inductor,
and two capacitors to the traditional quasi-Z-source inverter The proposed cascaded qZSI inherits all
the advantages of the traditional solution (voltage boost and buck functions in a single stage,
continuous input current, and improved reliability). Moreover, as compared to the conventional qZSI,
the proposed solution reduces the shoot-through duty cycle by over 30% at the same voltage boost
factor. Theoretical analysis of the two-stage qZSI in the shoot-through and non-shoot-through
operating modes is described. The proposed and traditional qZSI-networks are compared. A
prototype of a Quasi Z Source network based DC Drive was built to verify the theoretical
assumptions. The experimental results are presented and analyzed.
The document describes the electrical system in Jordan, including generation sources like Al Raha and Al Aqaba power plants, transmission systems operating at 400kV and 132kV, and distribution systems including 33kV and 11kV networks. It also provides details on components of substations like RMUs, MDBs, transformers, and protection devices like fuses. Formulas for calculating current ratings based on power and voltage ratings are also presented.
This document provides a summary of Sunil Kumar Yadav's summer practical training at the 220 KV Grid Sub Station in Kotputli, Jaipur. It discusses the structure and components of the sub station, including transformers that step voltage up and down, circuit breakers, busbars, protective relays, and control panels. The sub station receives power at 220kV and distributes it at lower voltages of 132kV and 33kV to various outgoing feeders. Yadav concludes that the practical experience gave him valuable hands-on learning to supplement his theoretical education.
This document provides a summary of a vocational training report at the WBSETCL Kalyani 132 kV substation. It describes the substation's incoming and outgoing feeders, transformers, and provides an overview of the equipment used at the substation including busbars, insulators, isolating switches, and circuit breakers. The trainee expresses gratitude for the opportunity to learn practical skills during their training placement at the substation.
1200 kv ultra high voltage transmission system by prannaya kumar giri & b...Prannay Kumar Giri
The document discusses India's adoption of a 1200KV ultra high voltage AC transmission system to increase power transfer capacity over long distances. Key points:
- India is building a 1200KV national test station in Bina, MP to test equipment and develop technical standards for 1200KV transmission.
- 1200KV transmission allows economical transfer of large amounts of power while reducing transmission losses, costs, and environmental impacts compared to lower voltages.
- The test station will be used to determine technical parameters for 1200KV circuit breakers, transformers, insulators and other equipment to enable indigenous development.
- Once established, the 1200KV system is expected to help meet India's growing power demand and allow integration of renewable energy sources
FFC-MM Plantsite Power System Protectionfarazrafi87
The document discusses protection coordination at an electrical substation. It provides an overview of protection coordination and selective coordination. It also details the data required for a coordination study including single line diagrams, system voltages, impedances, and fault current data. The document analyzes several fault scenarios and observations regarding protection coordination and makes recommendations for further audit and testing to improve coordination.
This document discusses the equipment found in a power substation. It describes the different sections of the control panel that contain instruments for controlling equipment. The switchyard contains high voltage components like circuit breakers, isolators, transformers and busbars that control incoming and outgoing power supply. Instrument transformers are used for measurement and protection with equipment like meters and relays. Other equipment discussed include lighting arrestors, wave traps, circuit breakers, busbars, power transformers, protective relays and batteries used in the battery room.
This document summarizes a seminar presented on practical training at a 220kV substation. It includes an introduction to the substation and descriptions of its key components like transformers, circuit breakers, current transformers, lightning arrestors, capacitors and the control room. Diagrams of the substation's single line diagram are also included. The conclusion states that the training provided insight into real instrumentation used at substations and how they are operated and managed.
This document provides a report on the 400/220 KV Nelamangala power station near Bangalore, India. It includes a single line diagram of the substation, details of the bus bar scheme, and descriptions of the main equipment including capacitive voltage transformers, current transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and reactors. It also covers substation auxiliaries, control rooms, earthing systems, and provides specifications for the main transformers. The power station was established to integrate new power sources into the southern grid and reduce grid failures in the region.
This document provides an overview of maintenance of equipment at a 33/11kV substation. It discusses key components like transformers, busbars, insulators, circuit breakers, metering equipment, relays, miscellaneous equipment, and protection systems. It also covers substation design considerations like earthing methodology and materials. The document aims to give an understanding of maintenance needs for high voltage substation equipment.
This document provides information on multiple power plants owned and operated by EDC in the Philippines. It lists the name, location, generation capacity and type of several geothermal power plants with a total capacity of 1,199 MW. Technical details are also given for some of the larger power plants, including Upper Mahiao, Malitbog, and Mahanagdong A & B, describing the turbine and generator configurations, steam parameters, cooling systems and other key facilities. Process diagrams illustrate the steam cycles used at these plants.
The document provides information about Kalyaneshwari substation located in West Bengal, India. It details the various transformers, transmission lines, and power systems within the substation. Key points include:
- The substation handles transmission of power at 220kV, 132kV and 33kV voltage levels.
- It contains various transformers that step down voltages from 220kV to 132kV and 132kV to 33kV.
- Transmission lines connect the substation to nearby power plants and other substations.
- Instruments such as meters and relays monitor and control power flow through the substation.
This document provides information about operating and maintaining high voltage direct current (HVDC) stations. It discusses several existing and upcoming HVDC projects in India, including key details like transmission capacity, voltage levels, and converter station specifications. It also outlines important aspects of HVDC station operation like startup procedures, shutdown types, protection and control systems, and types of maintenance activities. The major areas of an HVDC back-to-back station that require maintenance are identified as the valve hall, AC switchyard equipment, valve cooling system, auxiliary systems, and AC/DC control and protection systems.
The document discusses the history and organization of the Rajasthan State Electricity Board (RSEB) in India. It notes that RSEB was established on July 1, 1957 and was reorganized on July 19, 2000 into three sectors - generation, transmission, and distribution. The distribution sector was further divided into three distribution companies serving different areas of Rajasthan. The document also provides details about the layout, equipment, and components used at a Grid Substation in India.
Nuclear energy provides a clean and affordable source of energy for India's future. It will help meet energy security needs while reducing environmental impacts compared to other sources. India has a three stage nuclear program utilizing uranium, plutonium, and eventually thorium to provide energy. Currently there are several nuclear power plants operational or under construction in India. While risks from radiation and accidents exist, nuclear energy benefits India by providing low-carbon electricity and related industrial applications.
The document discusses the development of India's electricity grid system. It provides details on:
1) How India's interstate and intrastate transmission systems were interconnected in the 1960s to form the national grid overseen by the Government of India. Power Grid Corporation of India (PGCIL) was established in 1989 to implement this national grid.
2) PGCIL now operates India's transmission network of over 134,000 circuit km at EHVAC and HVDC levels. The network includes 214 substations with a total transformation capacity of 278,862 MVA.
3) The completion of the Raichur-Solapur 765kV transmission line interconnects India's regional grids into a single
The document discusses Pakistan's energy crisis and hydropower potential. It notes that Pakistan has faced chronic energy shortages for years due to insufficient power generation capacity compared to rising demand. Hydropower accounts for about 31% of Pakistan's current energy mix but there is significant untapped hydropower potential, including from major dam projects, that could help address the energy shortfall if developed. The document provides details on existing and planned hydropower capacity across Pakistan with the most potential located in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan.
This document provides an overview of a 220kV grid substation in Hindaun City, Rajasthan, India. It includes details about the components, equipment, and apparatus used at the substation, including 6 transformers totaling 400MVA of capacity, 42 circuit breakers of various voltages, current transformers, protective relays, insulators, breather silica gels, and temperature indicators. Diagrams of the single line diagram and component sequence are also included. The document is intended as a practical training for an electrical engineering student on the components and operations of a grid substation.
The document provides information about generator protections. It discusses various faults that can occur in generators such as stator faults, rotor faults, and abnormal operating conditions. It describes the differential protection and percentage bias differential protection methods used to protect against stator faults. It also covers rotor protection against faults and overspeeding, as well as loss of excitation protection. Protection of generators is important to detect faults, prevent equipment damage, and ensure personnel safety in power systems.
Mirza Sarmad Baig presented on the components and workings of the 132kV GSS Sitapura substation operated by RRVPNL. The substation transforms high transmission voltages to lower distribution voltages and interconnects different transmission systems. It contains key equipment like power transformers, circuit breakers, capacitors, isolators, relays, and bus bars to transform and distribute electricity safely and efficiently. A single line diagram depicts the substation's incoming and outgoing feeders. The presentation aimed to increase understanding of power transmission and distribution, and maintenance of circuit equipment.
This document outlines the key topics around nuclear power, including: the economics of nuclear power compared to coal; existing nuclear power plants in India and their details; the processes of nuclear fission and the nuclear fuel cycle; the layout of a typical nuclear power plant and its main components like the nuclear reactor; the merits of nuclear power in being more energy dense and producing less pollution than coal plants; and the demerits like high capital costs, radioactive pollution risks, expensive fuel and difficult waste disposal.
The SAARC Grid:Policy, Regulatory, Infra-structure, Contractual Issues in C...IPPAI
The document discusses electricity needs in South Asia and opportunities for regional cooperation. It outlines Bangladesh's power sector goals to provide affordable, reliable electricity to all by 2021 through increasing generation, transmission, efficiency and regional interconnectivity. Coal will be a major source, supplying 50% of electricity by 2030. Ongoing initiatives and potential proposals for joint projects between Bangladesh, India, Bhutan and Nepal are described. Policy and regulatory frameworks to encourage regional power trade and private sector investment are also mentioned.
The document provides an overview of the Rajasthan State Electricity Board (RSEB) in India. It discusses that RSEB was established in July 1957 to supply electricity to the entire state of Rajasthan in the most economical way. In 2000, RSEB was divided into five parts - a generation company, transmission company, and three regional distribution companies. It also provides details about the 132kV grid substation in Sitapura, Jaipur, including its incoming and outgoing feeders, transformer capacity, and single line diagram.
Powergrid Corporation of India was established in 1989 to operate India's national power transmission grid. It took over transmission assets from central power generating companies and unified regional grids. Powergrid has since established India's interconnected transmission network spanning over 1.72 lakh circuit km. It operates as the central transmission utility and has achieved 99.82% network availability. However, the Modi government's National Monetization Pipeline policy now aims to lease parts of Powergrid's national asset to private corporations, sparking employee resistance to protect public ownership.
Power System electrical and electronics .pptxMUKULKUMAR210
The document discusses transmission lines, including their objectives, classification, key terms, and components. It aims to minimize energy costs, maintain reliable power supply to consumers, and allow flexible power transfer. Transmission lines are classified based on voltage level, distance, and whether AC or DC. Common conductor types include ACSR, AAAR, and bundled conductors. Insulators provide electrical insulation from supporting structures. Skin effect causes current to flow near the surface of conductors. An equivalent circuit models the parameters of an actual transmission line.
Bulk transmission of electricity over long distances at high voltages helps transfer power from surplus to deficit regions in India. The transmission network in India has expanded significantly from 3,708 circuit km in 1950 to over 280,000 circuit km today. A national grid connecting regional grids was established in stages, achieving a single national grid with one frequency in 2013. High voltage transmission above 132kV is preferred for reduced transmission losses. The Power Grid Corporation of India manages the national transmission system and ensures integrated operation.
1. The document discusses the Southern Grid which transmits power across five states in Southern India.
2. It has an installed capacity of 50,164 MW from various sources including thermal, hydro, gas etc. distributed across states.
3. The grid ensures stability through interconnected regional grids using HVDC links and maintains frequency, voltage levels through mechanisms like AGC, reactive power support etc.
The document discusses the equipment and protection systems used in a switchyard at a captive power plant in Rourkela, India. It provides technical details on the generators, transformers, switchyard components, and protection devices used. These include two 60 MW generators, various transformers including generator transformers and auxiliary transformers, a 132kV switchyard with 20 bays, components like circuit breakers, isolators, current and voltage transformers, and lightning arrestors. The switchyard is a critical part of the power system that provides transmission and protection.
This document presents a summary of a project on islanding detection in microgrids. It begins with an introduction to microgrids and distributed generation. It then discusses islanding, its effects, and various methods for detecting islanding. The objective of this project is to detect islanding using the negative sequence component method and wavelet transform analysis of voltage signals. It describes modeling solid oxide fuel cells, microturbines, wind turbines, and the overall microgrid in simulation software. The simulation results show the negative sequence components and wavelet analysis detecting an islanding condition during a fault. The conclusion is that the proposed technique can successfully detect islanding using negative sequence analysis and wavelet transforms.
Similar to Reasoning the recent power blackouts in India (20)
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
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Reasoning the recent power blackouts in India
1. Reasoning the Major power disturbance
in India - 30th, 31st July 2012
Siva Prasad Katru
sivakatru@gmail.com
2. Contents
• Indian power sector at a glance
• What happened on 30th, 31st July 2012
• Background - Power Swings, Distance relays
• Analysis of Grid Disturbance on 30th July
• Analysis of Grid Disturbance on 31st July
• Role of distance relay
• Conclusion
3. Indian power sector at a glance
Grid MW
Northern 56058
Western 66757
Eastern 26838
North 2454.94
Eastern Agra
Southern 54898.1
Gwalior
Total 2,07,006.04
Bina
per capita annual avg. kWh
consumption
India 778
European Union 6200
Worldwide 2600
Census 2001 - 44% of households
do not have access to electricity.
Mission 2012: Power for All
4. What happened on 30th & 31st July 2012
• On 30th July 2012, there was a grid
disturbance in the NEW grid at 02:33:11 IST
• NR grid collapsed
• load of about 36,000 MW effected
• Another major disturbance took place on
31st July 2012 in the NEW grid at 13:00:13
IST
• NR, ER and NER grids collapsed
• load of about 48,000 MW effected
Major power blackout
• The outage must not be planned by the
service provider.
• There must be at least 1,000,000 person-
hours of disruption.
5. Power swings
• The rotors of synchronous machines inter-connected by AC lines
tend to run at the same electrical speed in steady state due to the
underlying physics of this system.
• When this system experiences small disturbances, restorative
torques bring back the machines to synchronism (i.e., the same
electrical speed).
• This response is an oscillatory behavior = a spring-mass system. The
oscillations are called “swings” and are seen in practically all
parameters including line power flows.
• For large disturbances (e.g faults, loss of critical transmission links),
the behavior is non-linear and the electrical torques may be unable
to bring all the generators to the same electrical speed. If this
happens the angular difference between the generators goes on
increasing (Transient Instability or Angular Separation). This
causes large variations in voltage and power flow in lines.
6. Role of distance relay
• The impedance per mile is fairly constant
• These relays sees the impedance from the
relay location to fault location
• Observes the values of voltage and current
• Used to identify the fault location
7. Analysis of Grid Disturbance on 30th July, 2012
Committee analyzed the output of DRs, ELs, PMUs, WAFMS, SCADA data
and reports submitted by various SLDCs , RLDCs, POWERGRID and
generation utilities to arrive at the sequence of events
Prior to disturbance conditions
32636 MW
NR 1367 MW
38322MW NER
1314MW
NR constituents were instructed by NRLDC
Agra Gorakhpur
WRLDC also issued for reduction in generation.
Zerda-Bhinmal Patna – Balia
369MW 1055MW
x x
x
x Muzaffarpur
33024 MW Bina Gwalior x
WR 1450MW
Balia – Biharsharif 12452 MW
ER
28053MW
12213MW
8. Analysis of Grid Disturbance on 31st July, 2012
In the both cases, at the time of tripping of
Internal power swings, under
distance relay:
frequency and overvoltage at
• Because of Overload, voltage to current ratio
different places lead to
seen by the relay is low
collapse of NR-ER-NER
• Although there is no fault, treated it as a fault
Prior to disturbance conditions • This phenomenon is called “Load
encroachment”.
29884MW
NR 1014 MW
33945MW NER 1226MW
NR constituents were instructed by NRLDC
Agra Gorakhpur
WRLDC also issued for reduction in generation.
Patna – Balia
x
x
x Muzaffarpur
32612 MW Bina Gwalior
WR
Balia – Biharsharif 13524 MW
ER
Sipat xRanchi
-
Rajgarh xRourkela
-
28053MW
13179MW
9. References
1) http://www.powermin.nic.in/pdf/GRID_ENQ_REP_16_8_12.pdf
2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India
3) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-19060279
4) 100 million Indonesians affected by power outage. AP
5) "The Darkest Night". Archived from the original on 2009-05-13.
Retrieved 2010-10-08.
6) The great 2003 North America blackout. CBC
7) Italy's blackout raises questions. The Guardian
8) The 'Great Northeastern Blackout' of 1965. CBC